scholarly journals Zinc absorption in adult men from a chicken sandwich made with white or wholemeal bread, measured by a double-label stable-isotope technique

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait ◽  
Thomas E. Fox ◽  
S. Gabrielle Wharf ◽  
John Eagles ◽  
Hugh Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Absorption ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique ◽  
Wholemeal Bread

Eleven fasted adult men consumed a chicken meat sandwich made with white or wholemeal bread, extrinsically labelled with 2 mg 67Zn, on two different occasions. Immediately after eating the sandwich they were given an intravenous injection of 1·5 mg 70Zn. True Zn absorption (which was approximately 7% higher than apparent absorption) was determined by the faecal balance technique by making an allowance for endogenous excretion from measurements of faecal excretion of 70Zn. There was no significant difference in mean true Zn absorption from the white or wholemeal bread sandwich, 33·6 and 25·4% respectively. It was concluded that the substitution of wholemeal for white bread does not reduce Zn absorption from meat-based sandwiches.

scholarly journals Dephytinisation of soyabean protein isolate with low native phytic acid content has limited impact on mineral and trace element absorption in healthy infants

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Ekhard E. Ziegler ◽  
Peter Kastenmayer ◽  
Peter van Dael ◽  
Denis Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

Infant formulas based on soyabean protein isolate are often used as an alternative to cows'-based formulas. However, the presence of phytic acid in soya formulas has raised concern about the absorption of trace elements and minerals from these products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mineral and trace element absorption from regular and dephytinised soya formula in healthy infants. Soyabean protein isolate with a relatively low native content of phytic acid was used for production of a regular soya formula (300 mg phytic acid/kg liquid formula) and an experimental formula was based on dephytinised soya protein isolate (<6 mg phytic acid/kg liquid formula). Using a crossover study design, apparent mineral and trace element absorptions were measured by a stable isotope technique based on 72 h faecal excretion of non-absorbed stable isotopes (Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca) and by the chemical balance technique (Mn, Zn, Cu and Ca) in nine infants (69–191 d old). Fe absorption was also measured by erythrocyte incorporation 14 d after intake. The results from the present study demonstrated that Zn absorption, measured by a stable isotope technique, was significantly greater after dephytinisation (mean value 16·7 v. 22·6 %; P=0·03). No other statistically significant differences between the two formulas were observed. The nutritional benefit of dephytinisation was marginal in the present study. Based on these results, the use of soyabean protein isolate with low native content of phytic acid should be promoted for production of soya formulas and adequate addition of ascorbic acid to enhance Fe absorption should be ensured in the products.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of fibre-rich types of bread

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van Dokkum ◽  
Anneke Wesstra ◽  
Francien A. Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Wholemeal Bread

1. Twelve young adult male volunteers were given a low-fibre white bread diet (9 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF)/d) and a medium-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d), each lasting 20 d. In a third period of 20 d the volunteers were subdivided in groups of four, consuming a high-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (35 g NDF/d). a medium-fibre fine-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d, bran particle size < 0.35 mm) or a wholemeal bread diet (22 g NDF/d), Retention of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper were determined during each 20 d period.2. An increase of the amount of dietary fibre (through bran in bread) from 9 g to 22 g NDF/d resulted in a significantly increased mineral intake, but also faecal excretion increased significantly; mineral retention remained almost constant.3. Both intake and faecal excretion of all minerals studied, except faecal Ca. increased further (P < 0.05) on the diet providing 35 g NDF/d: only Fe balance decreased significantly. No significant differences with respect to intake, excretion (except urinary Ca) and balance of the minerals could be detected between the coarse-bran bread and fine-bran bread diets providing 22 g NDF/d. Faecal Fe, Cu balance and Mg balance increased significantly during the wholemeal bread period compared to the coarse-bran bread diet providing 22 g NDF.4. Serum cholesterol increased significantly, i.e. by 0.3 mmol/1, during the coarse-bran bread diet providing 22 g NDF, compared to the white-bread diet.5. It is concluded that increasing the amount of bran in bread does not appear to affect mineral balance considerably but there seems to be an influence on mineral availability. The increased intake was accompanied by increased faecal excretion.

Elucidating the Origin of Milk Products on the Chinese Market Using Hydrogen and Oxygen Stable Isotope Technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Southern China ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Market ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

Preference for foreign milk products is the cause of the economically motivated adulteration of milk products on the Chinese market. 42 milk samples from the United States of America, Canada, Southern China, Northern China, Australia and New Zealand were analyzed using δ2H and δ18O stable isotope technique to differentiate the origin of milk products. An isotope ratio mass spectrometer with a combination of a high-temperature conversion elemental analyzer, Thermo-Fisher was used. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. The study revealed δ2H and δ18O had a wide range of mean values: 13.86 to 22.25‰ and -82.86 to -28.5‰, respectively. There was a significant difference in the δ2H (n=7; F=20880, P=7.876E-43) and δ18O (n=7; F=1399.0; P=9.215E-29) composition of the milk samples from the different regions. It was observed that δ2H and δ18O composition is helpful in elucidating milk products from different regions on the Chinese market (P<0.05).

scholarly journals True fractional calcium absorption in Chinese children measured with stable isotopes (42Ca and 44Ca)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren T.L. Lee ◽  
Sophie S.F. Leung ◽  
Susan J.Fairweather-Tait ◽  
Dora M.Y. Leung ◽  
Heidi S.Y. Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
The Difference

True fractional Ca absorption (TFCA) was compared in children with different habitual Ca intakes using a double-label stable-isotope technique. Chinese children aged 7 years from Hongkong (n 22) and Jiangmen (n 12) participated in the study. An oral administration of 8 mg 44Ca in 100 g chocolate milk was given shortly after an intravenous injection of 0·75 mg 42Ca. Ca isotopic ratios were determined in urine samples collected 24 h later using thermal-ionization mass spectrometry. There was no significant difference in TFCA between Jiangmen and Hongkong children (P=0·16). TFCA of a lower-Ca-intake group (Ca > 500 mg/d, n 19) with mean Ca intake 359 mg/d was 63·1 (SD 10·7)%; and that of a higher-Ca-intake group (Ca > 500 mg/d, n 15) with mean Ca intake 862 mg/d was 54·8 (SD 7·3)%; the difference in TFCA was significant (P=0·016). Serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol of the children were adequate (33·7 (SD 7·7) ng/ml). The present study indicates that growing children accustomed to a low-Ca diet appear to be able to enhance their absorptive capacity. If it is assumed that dietary Ca absorption by Chinese children resembles their TFCA from a single meal of chocolate milk, then the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Ca for Chinese children would be lower than the US RDA (800 mg/d), which is based on an estimated 40% Ca absorption as reported for Caucasian children. A comparative absorption study is necessary to determine whether there is any difference in TFCA between Caucasian and Chinese children.

scholarly journals Fractional magnesium absorption is significantly lower in human subjects from a meal served with an oxalate-rich vegetable, spinach, as compared with a meal served with kale, a vegetable with a low oxalate content

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Bohn ◽  
Lena Davidsson ◽  
Thomas Walczyk ◽  
Richard F. Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

The aim of the present study was to evaluate Mg absorption from a test meal served with an oxalate-rich vegetable, spinach, as compared with a test meal served with a vegetable with a low oxalate content, kale. Mg absorption was measured by a stable-isotope technique based on extrinsic labelling of the test meals and faecal monitoring of the excreted isotope labels. Nine healthy adults participated in the study. The test meals were based on 100g phytate-free white bread, served with 300g spinach (6·6mmol oxalate; 0·7mmol 25Mg label added, 5·0mmol total Mg) or 300g kale (0·1mmol oxalate; 1·2mmol 26Mg label added, 4·8mmol total Mg). The test meals were served on days 1 and 3, at breakfast and lunch, using a cross-over design. The results from the present study demonstrated that apparent Mg absorption was significantly lower from the meal served with spinach (26·7 (sd 10·4) %) than the meal served with kale (36·5 (sd 11·8) %) (P=0·01). However, the lower fractional apparent Mg absorption from the test meal served with spinach can be assumed to be, at least partly, counterbalanced by the higher native Mg content of spinach as compared with kale. Although based on indirect evidence, i.e. not based on an evaluation of added (or removed) oxalic acid, the difference in Mg absorption observed in the present study is attributed to the difference in oxalic acid content between the two vegetables.

scholarly journals Comparative digestibility of wholemeal and white breads and the effect of the degree of fineness of grinding on the former

1942 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Macrae ◽  
J. C. D. Hutchinson ◽  
J. O. Irwin ◽  
J. S. D. Bacon ◽  
E. I. McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
White Flour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Absorption ◽  
Cell Envelopes ◽  
Wholemeal Bread

1. Loaves were baked from three types of wheaten flour made from the same grist; a straight run white flour of 73% extraction, a finely ground wholemeal (100% extraction) and a medium ground wholemeal (100% extraction). Bread from each was consumed by six persons for periods of 11–12 days. The daily consumption was 530–630 g. dry weight of bread and, in addition, 37 g. margarine, 284 c.c. milk, 72 g. marmalade jelly and 284 c.c. of mild ale.2. The total energy, nitrogen and fibre of the food consumed and of the faeces excreted over a period of 7 days were determined. Assuming that the foods other than bread were wholly digestible, the average percentage absorption of energy, nitrogen and fibre from the white bread was 96·1, 91·1, and 65·8 respectively; from the fine wholemeal bread it was 86·9, 85·3 and 14 respectively and from the coarser ground wholemeal 87·1, 85·7 and 9·7 respectively.3. The nitrogen intake per 100 g. of the wholemeal bread eaten, was 2·91; of the white bread 2·70 g. This advantage was, however, neutralized by the greater amount of nitrogen lost in the faeces when wholemeal was taken, so that the average net gain of nitrogen to the body was 2·46 and 2·49 respectively per 100 g. dry weight of bread consumed.4. The loss of 9% more of the energy of the bread in the faeces from wholemeal than from white bread is largely accounted for by the undigested cell envelopes and woody fibre in the bran. The greater utilization of the fibre of the white bread is in accordance with the observations of Rubner who showed that the cell membranes of the endosperm were of different composition from those of the bran cells and were more readily attacked by bacteria in the gut.5. The range of individual variations in the utilization of the energy of the breads were: for white bread 95·4–96·8% and for wholemeal 85·4–88·7%. In the utilization of nitrogen these were: for white bread 88·2–94·1%, and for wholemeal 78·5–89·6%. The same subjects showed the better utilization of both energy and nitrogen.6. The fineness of grinding of the wholemeal within the range used made no significant difference to the utilization of either energy or nitrogen.

scholarly journals Non-digestible oligosaccharides and calcium absorption in girls with adequate calcium intakes

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (S2) ◽  
pp. S187-S191 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Griffin ◽  
P. M. Davila ◽  
S. A. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

Non-digestible oligosaccharides such as inulin and oligofructose have been shown to consistently increase calcium absorption in experimental animals, but data in humans are less clear-cut. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of 8 g/d of oligofructose or a mixture of inulin and oligofructose on calcium absorption in girls at or near menarche. A total of fifty-nine subjects were studied using a balanced, randomized, cross-over design. They received, in random order, 8 g/d placebo (sucrose), oligofructose or the mixture inulin+oligofructose for 3 weeks, separated by a 2-week washout period. Throughout the study, subjects consumed a total of approximately 1500 mg/d dietary calcium, by adding two glasses of calcium-fortified orange juice to their diet. Four grams of placebo, oligofructose or the mixture inulin+oligofructose was added to each glass of orange juice immediately before it was consumed. At the end of each 3-week adaptation period, calcium absorption was measured, using a dual stable isotope technique, from the cumulative fractional excretion of an oral and an intravenous tracer over 48 hours. Calcium absorption was significantly higher in the group receiving the inulin+oligofructose mixture than in the placebo group (38·2±9·8 % v. 32·3±9·8 %; P=0·01), but no significant difference was seen between the oligofructose group and the placebo group (31·8±9·3 % v. 31·8±10·0 %, P=NS). We conclude that modest intakes of an inulin+oligofructose mixture increases calcium absorption in girls at or near menarche.

scholarly journals Studies on calcium absorption from milk using a double-label stable isotope technique

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Fairweather-Tait ◽  
Amanda Johnson ◽  
J. Eagles ◽  
Smita Ganatra ◽  
H. Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Percentage Absorption ◽  
Enriched Milk

Calcium absorption was measured in ten male volunteers from skimmed milk, Ca-enriched skimmed milk or watercress (Nasturtium officinale) soup. The foods were labelled extrinsically with 30 mg 44Ca. Shortly after consuming the labelled meal, each subject was given an intravenous injection of 3 mg 42ca. Fractional absorption from the oral dose was determined from plasma and urine samples collected 24–72 h later, using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry to measure isotope ratios. The values for urine and plasma were in good agreement. Mean percentage absorption was 45.5 (SEM 1.9)% from the skimmed milk, 35.7 (SEM 4.7) % from the Ca-enriched milk and 27.4 (SEM 1.9) % from the watercress soup. The effect of consuming 568 ml (1 pint) Ca-enriched milk each day for 4 weeks on the efficiency of absorption of Ca was studied. Although there was no statistically significant difference between Ca absorption before and after the supplementation period, the results were considered to be somewhat inconclusive due to the small number of subjects and wide individual variation in Ca absorption.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

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