Alterations of the hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes by a glucosinolate-rich diet in germ-free rats: influence of a pre-induction with phenobarbital

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Rabot ◽  
Lionelle Nugon-Baudon ◽  
Odette Szylit
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Germ-free growing rats were fed on a glucosinolate-rich diet (rapeseed-meal-based) and compared with counterparts fed on a glucosinolate-free diet (soya-bean-meal-based), both diets being isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. For each diet half the animals received phenobarbital in drinking water as an inducer of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Some of the usual deleterious glucosinolate-linked effects, i.e. kidney hypertrophy and reduction in growth and feed intake, were followed and three of the major hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes were investigated. Growth rate, dietary intake and kidney weight were not altered by glucosinolates in the absence of intestinal microflora, whether the animals were treated with phenobarbital or not. As far as the hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes are concerned, the specific level of cytochrome P450 and the specific activities of glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) and UDPglucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) remained unchanged in rats receiving the glucosinolate-rich diet compared with the control animals. Despite the low dose given, phenobarbital displayed its usual inducing effect on all three enzymes, similar whatever the diet. A previous counterpart experiment performed with conventional animals had shown that glucosinolate feeding led to large alterations of the variables herein studied, some of these modifications being hugely enhanced by a phenobarbital treatment. Therefore, the present results obtained on germ-free animals prove that alterations of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes induced by glucosinolates are somehow mediated by the intestinal microflora. Furthermore, the involvement of those enzymes in glucosinolate toxicity definitely requires the presence of the intestinal microflora.

The effect of formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal and rapeseed meal on the amino acid profiles and acid-pepsin solubility of rumen undegraded protein

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Varvikko ◽  
J. E. Lindberg ◽  
J. Setälä ◽  
Liisa Syrjälä-Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Methionine Concentration ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

SUMMARYSoya-bean meal and rapeseed meal treated with 0, 0·4 or 0·8 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein (N × 6·25) was incubated in the rumen in nylon bags with 10 and 40 μm aperture.Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogenous compounds was reduced with increasing formaldehyde treatment.The proportion of acid-pepsin soluble nitrogen in the undegraded residues of untreated and treated soya-bean meal was similar to the original samples. For rapeseed meal the proportion of acid-pepsin soluble nitrogen in the undegraded residues decreased with increasing rumen incubation time. This reduction decreased with increasing formaldehyde treatment.Concentration of amino acids in the undegraded residues did not generally deviate from those in the original samples. However, a distinguishable decrease in the methionine concentration was observed in all the rapeseed meal samples and in glutamic acid concentration in rapeseed meal treated with 0 and 0·4 g formaldehyde/100g- crude protein.Most of the changes due to rumen incubation were smaller using the 10 μm bags than using the 40 μm bags. However, the bag pore size did not play a decisive role in the conclusions of the results given.

Modulation of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes following chronic low-dose exposure to PFOA in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. S162
Author(s):  
E. Person ◽  
N. Sola-Tapias ◽  
S. Bruel ◽  
H. Robert ◽  
M. Mercier-Bonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes

Digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in soya-bean, sunflower, meat and rapeseed meals measured with pigs and poultry

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Green ◽  
T. Kiener
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn order to determine the relative digestibilities of nitrogen and amino acids in foodstuffs for pigs and poultry, and the effects of manufacturing methods, equal quantities of soya-bean meal, sunflower meals [hulled (sunflower meal 1) and dehulled (sunflower meal 2)], meat meals [made with (meat meal 1), and without (meat meal 2), blood added at 250 g/kg meat tissue (wet weights)] and rapeseed meals [seeds heated at 80°C (rapeseed meal 1) or 100°C (rapeseed meal 2)] were mixed with protein-free ingredients. The diets were given to five growing pigs with ileo-rectal anastomoses, and, by crop-intubation, to 12 caecectomized and 12 intact cocks. Excreta were collected over 48-h periods. Endogenous excretion was estimated by giving protein-free diets.In the order, soya-bean meal, sunflower meals 1, and 2, meat meals 1, and 2, rapeseed meals 1, and 2, true digestibilities were: with pigs, of nitrogen, 0·81, 0·80, 0·79, 0·64, 0·79, 0·73, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·030), of lysine, 0·84, 0·83, 0·84, 0·65, 0·84, 0·76, 0·72 (s.e.d. 0·032); with caecectomized birds, of nitrogen, 0·92, 0·91, 0·91, 0·66, 0·78, 0·74, 0·75 (s.e.d. 0·018), of lysine 0·92, 0·91, 0·93, 0·62, 0·79, 0·70, 0·70 (s.e.d. 0·020); with intact birds, values were similar to those with caecectomized birds for soya-bean, and the sunflower meals, but lesser for meat meals 1 and 2; the solubilities of nitrogen in pepsin were 0·96, 0·92, 0·93, 0·80, 0·89, 0·87, 0·87.Two hundred and eighty pigs (initial live weights 10 kg) were used to compare growth response to free lysine with that to lysine in soya-bean meal and sunflower meal 2. Lysine availabilities, assessed by analyses of regressions of live-weight gain against lysine intake were 0·82 (s.e. 0·12) for soya-bean meal, and 0·82 (s.e. 0·18) for sunflower meal 2.Amino acid digestibilities of the sunflower meals were similar to those of soya-bean meal, and were not influenced by dehulling; values for the rapeseed meals were lower, and unaffected by differences in heating severity; values for the meat meal were reduced by blood addition. Values differed between pigs and poultry, but there was consistency in the extent to which each species discriminated between some foodstuffs. The pepsin test was insensitive. The large standard errors associated with availability values prevented meaningful comparisons with digestibility values.

scholarly journals Pteroyglutamic (folic) acid in different feedstuffs: the pteroylglutamate content and an attempt to measure the bioavailability in pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jacques Matte ◽  
Christiane L. Girard
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
References Values

Sixty piglets selected after weaning at 4 weeks of age were assigned to five replicates of twelve animals each. In each of these replicates the postprandial variations in serum pteroylglutamate after the ingestion of twelve sources of dietary pteroylglutamic acid were recorded twice weekly at 10 and 16 weeks of age. In six of these sources of pteroylglutamic acid the chemically pure form of the vitamin was incorporated into a semi-purified diet at concentrations varying between 0 and 1·0 mg/kg. The six other sources were provided by a soya-bean meal, rapeseed meal, maize, barley, wheat, and a commercial vitamin premix. The concentrations of pteroylglutamates measured by radioimmunoassay in the different feedstuffs were, in most cases, far from the values reported in the literature, except for maize. Indeed, while total pteroylglutamates in barley, wheat and rapeseed meal were lower by 35–56%. 17–50% and 60% respectively compared with references values, the corresponding values for soya-bean meal ranged from one third to twice as much. The area under the curve (AUC) of the pre- and postprandial (1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 h) serum pteroylglutamate following ingestion of increasing levels of chemically pure pteroylmono- glutamic acid was used to derive a regression for the 100% bioavailability of dietary pteroylglutamic acid. The corresponding AUC for the feedstuff sources of pteroylglutamates were used in the regression to determine the proportion of bioavailable pteroylglutamates out of total pteroylglutamates measured in these ingredients. No relationship (P0·66) was found between the level of chemically pure dietary pteroylmonoglutamic acid and the postprandial AUC. In fact, there was no significant (P0·11) increase in the postprandial concentration of serum pteroylglutamate for any of the pteroylglutamate sources used except for wheat. Moreover, values tended (P0·08) to be lower at 5 and 7 h postfeeding except for wheat and barley. It was hypothesized that this decrease is probably linked to the postfeeding variation in bile secretion which drains considerable amounts of circulatory pteroylglutamates. The results of the present experiment indicate that further research on analytical procedure is needed in order to provide a reliable method for measuring concentrations of pteroylglutamic acid in different sources of a given feedstuff used in pig feeding. In addition to this analytical concern, the measurement of the proportion of bioavailable pteroylglutamic acid in feedstuffs for pigs using postprandial variations of serum pteroylglutamates appears to be technically hazardous.

scholarly journals Rape-seed meal toxicity in gnotobiotic rats: influence of a whole human faecal flora or single human strains ofEscherichia coliandBacteroides vulgatus

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Rabot ◽  
Lionelle Nugon-Baudon ◽  
Pierre Raibaud ◽  
Odette Szylit
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

Gnotobiotic growing rats harbouring either a whole human faecal flora or single human strains ofEscherichia coli(EM0) orBacteroides vulgatus(BV8H1) were fed for 7 weeks on semi-synthetic diets in which the protein source was either soya-bean meal (SM) or rape-seed meal (RM). For each bacterial status the RM-diet group was compared with the control group fed on the SM diet. The association of human faecal flora with the RM diet was responsible for reduced feed intake and reduced weight gain, an enlargement of the liver and thyroid and a decrease in both thyroxine and triiodothyronine plasma levels. The association of theB. vulgatusBV8H1 strain with the RM diet reproduced all these effects, except that triiodothyronine plasma levels were not significantly modified. Rats inoculated with theE. coliEM0 strain and fed on the RM diet exhibited a goitre and lowered thyroxine and triiodothyronine plasma levels. These results show that the human intestinal microflora may be involved in glucosinolate metabolism when cruciferous vegetables are consumed by man. The specificity of the symptoms observed according to the rat bacterial status supports the hypothesis that bacteria yield specific toxic glucosinolate derivatives according to their enzymic potential.

Voluntary food intake in a limited time of lambs and calves given diets containing rapeseed meal from different types and varieties of rape, and rapeseed meal treated to reduce the glucosinolate concentration

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Stedman ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Glucosinolate Concentration ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Limited Period ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTThe voluntary food intake in a limited period, 30 or 60 min after morning and afternoon feeds, and during 24 h, by lambs and calves given diets containing rapeseed meal (RSM) or soya bean meal (SBM) as the only protein supplement was determined. Four rapeseed meals were compared, one from seed of British-grown winter Brassica napus varieties (BRSM), and the others from seeds of the varieties Tower (TRSM) and Loras (LRSM), or from seeds of Canadian spring sown varieties (Canola; CRSM). The effects on food intake of treating BRSM with heat and ammonia, steam, steam and ammonia, or calcium hydroxide and ammonia were also determined.In lambs, intakes in a limited period of BRSM and CRSM were significantly lower than that of SBM, and there were no differences between intakes of BRSM and CRSM. In calves, intake in a limited period of BRSM was significantly lower than intake of SBM, TRSM and LRSM: those of TRSM and LRSM were lower, but not significantly so, than that of SBM. Treatment of BRSM with steam, steam and ammonia or calcium hydroxide and ammonia, increased food intake significantly but by small amounts: intakes of the treated meal diets were markedly lower than that of the control SBM diet. The glucosinolate concentration of untreated RSM influenced intake in calves but not in lambs. The effects of treatment of RSM on intake were not closely related to changes in glucosinolate concentration.

scholarly journals Intake of Molecular Hydrogen in Drinking Water Increases Membrane Transporters, p-Glycoprotein, and Multidrug resistance-associated Protein 2 without Affecting Xenobiotic-metabolizing Enzymes in Rat Liver

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Tsung Yao ◽  
Yu-Hsuan Yang ◽  
Mei-Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Xenobiotic Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Lower Plasma Glucose

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that may reduce the development and progression of many diseases. In this study, Hydrogen-rich water (HRW) was obtained by reacting hybrid magnesium-carbon hydrogen storage materials with water. Then the effects of intake of HRW on the activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, membrane transporters, and oxidative stress in rats were investigated. Rats were given HRW ad libitum for 4 weeks. Results showed that intake of HRW had no significant effect on the activities of various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E1, 3A, 4A), glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Except for a slight lower plasma glucose concentration, intake of HRW had no effect on other plasma biochemical parameters in rats. P-Glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)2 protein expressions in liver were elevated after intake of HRW. However, HRW had no significant effects on glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, or lipid peroxidation in liver. Results from this study suggest that consumption of HRW may not affect xenobiotic metabolism or oxidative stress in liver. However, intake of HRW may increase the efflux of xenobiotics or toxic substances from the liver into bile by enhancing the expression of p-glycoprotein and Mrp2 protein.

scholarly journals Biological evaluation of rapeseed meal, soya-bean meal and casein fed to the weanling and the mature rat

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Drouliscos ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Nutritional Indices ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mature Phase ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. The biological evaluation of solvent and prepress-solvent processed rapeseed meals RM(S) and RM(PS) was carried out with the weanling (phase 1) and the mature (phase 2) rat. The nutritional indices measured were compared with those for diets containing soyabean meal SM and casein CS.2. The true nitrogen digestibility (td(N)) for RM(S), RM(PS), SM and CS in the weanling rat was (%) 78.9 f±1.2, 77.9±2.7, 90.4±0.9 and 96.0±0.6 (P < 0.01) respectively. Net protein utilization was (%) 68.9±10.1, 65.6±3.5, 80.6±4.8 and 81.7±3.1 (P < 0.05) respectively. Biological value was (%) 83.0±7.9, 84.1±5.6, 8.90±5.1 and 85.0±3.4 (P < 0.05) respectively. The same indices when measured in the mature rat showed an increase over those obtained in the weanling rat.3. The growth-promoting effects of the test diets were evaluated over a period of 8 weeks with ad lib. feeding between phases 1 and 2. Protein efficiency ratio averaged 2.0±0.14, 1.9±0.35, 2.4±0.39 and 2.3±0.25 for the RM(S), RM(PS), SM and CS treatments respectively.4. The daily endogenous urinary N excretion was 1.58±0.14 mg N/basal kcal or 254 mg N/kg body-weight for the weanling rat and 0.16 mg N/basal kcal or 18 mg N/kg body-weight for the mature rat. Metabolic faecal N excretion was 98.0±9.3 mg N/kg body-weight, or 27.9% of the total N output for the weanling rat, and 37.9±7.2 mg N/kg body-weight, or 67.3% of the total N output for the mature rat during the ‘protein-free’ feeding periods.5. The fresh weight of the thyroid gland per kg metabolic body size was 70, 90, 40 and 40 mg respectively for the RM(S), RM(PS), SM and CS dietary treatments.6. The moisture content of the carcasses was 66.9±3.1, 63.6±2.3 and 64.2±2.2 and the protein content on a dry-matter basis was 55.9±9.6, 50.2±6.4 and 53.1±4.9 for the RM (S and PS), SM and CS diets respectively. The results suggest an increased lean body mass in the rats receiving the rapeseed meal treatments.7. Under the conditions of this experiment solvent-extracted rapeseed meal was superior to prepress-solvent meal on the basis of rat growth response and of results for nutritional indices. Both rapeseed meals were inferior to soya-bean meal and casein.

scholarly journals A comparison of the effects of raw and heated soya-bean meal in diets for germ-free and conventional chicks

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Coates ◽  
D. Hewitt ◽  
P. Golob
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Chicks were reared to 3 weeks in a germ-free or conventional environment on diets containing 50% raw or heated soya-bean meal. Body-weights and pancreas weights were determined and the proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes in the pancreas were measured. In one experiment the contents of the intestinal tract were analysed for their content of nitrogenous compounds.2. The growth of chicks given raw soya was depressed below that of controls given heated soya, and the growth depression was significantly greater in the conventional compared with the germ-free environment.3. The pancreases of chicks given raw soya were significantly larger than those given heated soya. The degree of enlargement was similar in both environments. The concentration of α-amylase was lower in the enlarged pancreases, but the total amount per pancreas was similar to that in the normal pancreases. Conversely, the concentration of proteolytic enzymes was the same or greater in the enlarged pancreases, which had significantly greater total content of proteases than did the normal pancreases.4. There was evidence of impaired protein digestion in the birds given the raw soya diets. Their gut contents contained larger amounts of insoluble matter, with higher nitrogen content, and the soluble fraction contained more nitrogen present as ‘protein’, with correspondingly less ‘peptide’ and ‘amino acid’, than did similar samples from birds given heated soya. No differences were observed in this respect between germ-free and conventional birds.5. It was concluded that the gut microflora exacerbated the growth-depressing effect on chicks of raw soya meal. Possible explanations are advanced.

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