scholarly journals Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats is associated with impaired metabolic availability of vitamin A (retinol)

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Tuitoek ◽  
S. Ziari ◽  
A. T. C. Tsin ◽  
R. V. Rajotte ◽  
Miyoung Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats, studies were carried out to examine the metabolic availability of vitamin A in the plasma, liver and the retina of the eye. Control and diabetic rats were fedad lib. on a semi-purified diet either with or without (basal) vitamin A supplementation, or pair-fed on the basal diet for 4 weeks. Despite the fact that diabeticrats consumed 48% more feed, they had lower plasma concentrations of retinol (P<0·003). The decrease in plasma retinol concentration was a response to diabetes (or diabetes-induced trauma), since neither pair-feeding (P<0·01) nor vitamin A supplementation altered this effect (P<0·05). Furthermore, the hepatic concentrations of the vitamin in these animals remained elevated and this increase was greater in the supplemented diabetic group (P<0·001). Decreases in 11-cis retinal (a component of rhodopsin) concentrations in the retina were also observed in diabetic animals. The increased hepatic and the decreased plasma and retina vitamin Alevels suggest a defect in the transport of the vitamin from the liver.

scholarly journals Retinol homeostasis in lambs given low and high intakes of vitamin A

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Donoghue ◽  
David S. Kronfeld ◽  
David Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Retinyl Esters ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

1. Four groups of lambs were fed on a low-carotene basal diet. One group received no supplemental vitamin A (mildly deficient). Remaining groups were supplemented daily with vitamin A acetate equivalent to 100 (control) 9000 (mildly intoxicated) and 18000 (severely intoxicated) μg retinol/kg body-weight. After 16 weeks lambs received a bolus of[15−3H]retinol intravenously; blood, urine and faeces were sampled for 48 h.2. Plasma retinol was complexed to a protein of 20000 molecular weight (MW), which in turn was complexed to a protein of 65000 MW; these proteins correspond respectively to retinol-binding protein and prealbumin. Plasma retinol concentration reached plateau values in intoxicated lambs, but plasma retinyl ester concentrations increased rapidly when liver contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded 30 μg. Labelled compounds, more polar than retinol, were found in plasma; their concentration increased tenfold in intoxicated lambs within 48 h.3. Plasma retinol transport rates were 0·1, 10·5 and 11·8 times control values, and clearance rates were 0·3, 14·1 and 14·3 times control values in mildly-deficient, and mildly- or severely-intoxicated lambs respectively. Turnover of retinol increased rapidly when liver contents of retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 10 and 100 mg respectively and kidney contents of both retinol and retinyl esters exceeded approximately 30 μg. Plasma clearance of retinyl esters was unchanged with intake. Faecal excretion of tracer increased linearly with plasma retinol clearance.4. Our findings identify, several variables that appear to be involved in retinol homeostasis, including plasma retinol clearance and excretion.

Effect of Citric Pectin on beta-Carotene Bioavailability in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Zanutto ◽  
Alceu Jordão Júnior ◽  
Mônica Meirelles ◽  
Rosa Fávaro ◽  
Hélio Vannucchi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Retinol Concentration

The effect of citric pectin on the bioavailability of synthetic beta-carotene was studied. Thirty Wistar rats were used, ten animals were sacrificed at the beginning of the experiment and remaining animals were divided into two groups and received the following diets for 30 days: control group (CG) – 24 mg beta-carotene/g diet + 0% citric pectin; experimental group (EG) – 24 mugbeta-carotene/g diet + 7% citric pectin. Plasma and liver beta-carotene, vitamin A, and retinyl palmitate concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Plasma retinol concentration was 1.42 ± 0.36 mumol/L for CG and 1.10 ± 0.24 mumol/L for EG (p = 0.1), and plasma beta-carotene concentration was 0.20 ± 2.51 mumol/L for CG and 0.07 ± 0.04 µumol/L for EG (p = 0.01). Only traces of retinyl palmitate were detected in CG and none in EG. Retinol did not differ significantly between groups CG and EG, while a significantly higher beta-carotene concentration was observed for CG. Liver concentrations of retinol (CG: 4.90 ± 2.51 µug/g; EG: 2.68 ± 1.12 µug/g), beta-carotene (CG: 0.98 ± 0.28 µug/g; EG: 0.11 ± 0.06 µug/g), and retinyl palmitate (CG: 95.47 ± 45.13 µug/g, EG: 37.01 ± 17.20 µug/g) differed significantly between groups (p < 0.05), with a lower concentration being observed for EG. We conclude that 7% citric pectin in the rat diet decreases the bioavailability of synthetic beta-carotene, reducing the liver reserves of vitamin A and beta-carotene.

scholarly journals Dynamics of conjunctival impression cytologic changes after vitamin A supplementation

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapan Chowdhury ◽  
N. K. Ganguly ◽  
Minni Verma ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Lata Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Impression Cytology ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

AbstractTo investigate the chronological changes in conjunctival epithelium after supplementation with a massive oral dose of vitamin A, conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) with transfer was carried out repeatedly among 200 children aged 6–120 months in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Chandigarh (India). Significant conversion to normal CIC started 71–80 d after vitamin A supplementation and by 101–110d conversion had taken place in all children. Compared with the placebo group, plasma retinol concentration at 100d post-supplement was found to be significantly higher in the vitamin A-supplemented group P = 0·04. This study demonstrates that CIC responds to a massive oral dose of vitamin A 3–4 months after supplementation. These findings should guide future studies and evaluations in which CIC is used to assess response to vitamin A interventions.

Vitamin A Inadequacy Observed in a Group of 2- to 6-Year-Old Children Living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim ◽  
Giraud ◽  
Cho ◽  
Driskell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Food Recalls ◽  
Retinol Concentration

Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of retinol and carotenoids were estimated in assessing the vitamin A status of young children in Kwangju, Republic of Korea. Three consecutive 24-hour food recalls and fasting blood samples were obtained from 123 healthy children (58 boys, 65 girls), aged 2–6 years. The daily vitamin A intake (mean ± SD) was 355.9 ± 178.1 μg retinol equivalents or 239.0 ± 111.2 μg retinol activity equivalents. Provitamin A carotenoid intakes were 1211.2 ± 840.0 μg/day β-carotene, 234.6 ± 231.7 μg/day α-carotene, and 149.1 ± 160.7 μg/day β-cryptoxanthin. Approximately 15–26% of subjects consumed < Korean Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) for vitamin A; whereas, 57–64% consumed < EAR for vitamin A for USA/Canadians. The mean plasma retinol concentration was 1.108 ± 0.244 μmol/L. There were no significant correlations between intakes and plasma concentrations of retinol and carotenoids. Only 2.4% of children were vitamin A-deficient based on having plasma retinol concentrations < 0.70 μmol/L. Plasma retinol concentrations of 42.3% of subjects were 0.70– < 1.05 μmol/L, which is considered indicative of potentially suboptimal vitamin A status. Therefore, some children may be at risk of inadequate vitamin A status in Kwangju, Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal vitamin A supplementation on retinol concentration in colostrum

2015 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evellyn C. Grilo ◽  
Mayara S.R. Lima ◽  
Lahyana R.F. Cunha ◽  
Cristiane S.S. Gurgel ◽  
Heleni A. Clemente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Retinol Concentration

scholarly journals Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna & Syzygium cumini in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1870-1882
Author(s):  
Takru Harshit ◽  
Dixit Praveen K ◽  
Kumar Kapil ◽  
Nagarajan K
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

We aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diabetic activity of Terminalia arjuna, and Syzygium cumini extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in Wistar rats. STZ (55mg/kg) followed by nicotinamide (100mg/kg) was given to rats by intraperitoneal route to induce diabetes. Oral administration of alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts of T. arjuna (TAAE) (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), S. cumini (SCAE) (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) and their composite extract were given to rats along with standard anti-diabetic drug Glibenclamide (5mg/kg). We evaluated body weight, glucose level, lipid profile and biochemical parameters in STZ induced diabetic rats. Also, histopathological studied were done in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues of rats. Our finding revealed that TAAE and TAHE at 250mg/kg b.w. and 500mg/kg b.w., SCAE and SCHE at 400mg/kg b.w. and combination of TAAE (250mg/kg b.w.)+SCAE (400mg/kg b.w.) had a positive effect in lowering the blood glucose level and body weight on 28th day as compared to the initial observation on 0th day and also restored all the biochemical parameters such as LDL, VLDL, triglycerides and total Cholesterol and HDL towards the normal levels as well as histopathological improvement in Kidney, Liver and Pancreas. Data analysis showed that composite extract of TAAE (250mg/kg) and SCAE (400mg/kg ) improved diabetic consequences more effectively than composite extract of TAHE (500mg/kg) and SCHE (400mg/kg). TAAE and SCHE, in combination, demonstrate as a potential therapeutic agent against diabetes.

scholarly journals High-Dose Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation to Bangladeshi Infants Increases the Percentage of CCR9-Positive Treg Cells in Infants with Lower Birthweight in Early Infancy, and Decreases Plasma sCD14 Concentration and the Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency at Two Years of Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 3005-3012
Author(s):  
Shaikh M Ahmad ◽  
M Nazmul Huda ◽  
Rubhana Raqib ◽  
Firdausi Qadri ◽  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Plasma Retinol

ABSTRACT Background Vitamin A (VA) stores are low in early infancy and may impair development of the immune system. Objective This study determined if neonatal VA supplementation (VAS) affects the following: 1) development of regulatory T (Treg) cells; 2) chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression, which directs mucosal targeting of immune cells; and 3) systemic endotoxin exposure as indicated by changed plasma concentrations of soluble CD14 (sCD14). Secondarily, VA status, growth, and systemic inflammation were investigated. Methods In total, 306 Bangladeshi infants were randomly assigned to receive 50,000 IU VA or placebo (PL) within 48 h of birth, and immune function was assessed at 6 wk, 15 wk, and 2 y. Primary outcomes included the following: 1) peripheral blood Treg cells; 2) percentage of Treg, T, and B cells expressing CCR9; and 3) plasma sCD14. Secondary outcomes included the following: 4) VA status measured using the modified relative dose-response (MRDR) test and plasma retinol; 5) infant growth; and 6) plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis identified group differences and interactions with sex and birthweight. Results VAS increased (P = 0.004) the percentage of CCR9+ Treg cells (13.2 ± 1.37%) relative to PL (9.17 ± 1.15%) in children below the median birthweight but had the opposite effect (P = 0.04) in those with higher birthweight (VA, 9.13 ± 0.89; PL, 12.1 ± 1.31%) at 6 and 15 wk (values are combined mean ± SE). VAS decreased (P = 0.003) plasma sCD14 (1.56 ± 0.025 mg/L) relative to PL (1.67 ± 0.032 mg/L) and decreased (P = 0.034) the prevalence of VA deficiency (2.3%) relative to PL (9.2%) at 2 y. Conclusions Neonatal VAS enhanced mucosal targeting of Treg cells in low-birthweight infants. The decreased systemic exposure to endotoxin and improved VA status at 2 y may have been due to VA-mediated improvements in gut development resulting in improved barrier function and nutrient absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01583972 and NCT02027610.

scholarly journals Vitamin A status in Cuban children aged 6–11 years

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Consuelo Macías-Matos ◽  
Gisela Pita-Rodríguez ◽  
Pedro Monterrey-Gutiérrez ◽  
José Reboso-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Small Variety ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Retinol Concentration

AbstractObjective and settingA nationwide study was performed in Cuba to assess vitamin A status and the intake of vitamin-A-providing foods in children aged 6–11 years.Design and subjectsThe sample comprised 1191 schoolchildren from first to sixth grade, both sexes, from municipalities randomly selected from the five eastern provinces of Cuba in 2002 (first semester) and from the four western and four central provinces in 2003 (first semester). A food-frequency questionnaire was completed by 2038 mother-and-child pairs.ResultsMean (±standard deviation) plasma retinol concentrations were 1.77 ± 0.48 μmol l−1in the western, 2.01 ± 0.56 μmol l−1in the central and 1.40 ± 0.41 μmol l−1in the eastern region. No child had plasma retinol concentration below 0.35 μmol l−1, indicative of a high risk of clinical deficiency. Subclinical deficiency, plasma retinol concentration of 0.35–0.7 μmol l−1, was seen in <2% of subjects in all three regions and was <5% even in the two provinces with the worst vitamin A status (Guantánamo, 4.6%; Las Tunas, 3.0%). Adequate status (>1.05 μmol l−1) was present in >90% of subjects in all western and central provinces, and in one of the eastern provinces (Holguín), whereas in the four remaining eastern provinces, adequate status was present in >75%. Only nine fruits and vegetables were consumed frequently (>3 times per week) by >50% of children. Thirty-seven per cent regularly consumed a supplement containing vitamin A.ConclusionsMost Cuban children aged 6–11 years had adequate vitamin A status. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin and provitamin A, especially vegetables, was frequent but limited to a small variety of foods.

scholarly journals Use of biomarkers of sub-clinical infection, nutrition and neonatal maturity to interpret plasma retinol in Nigerian neonates

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delana A. Adelekan ◽  
Christine A. Northrop-Clewes ◽  
Joshua A. Owa ◽  
Adesola O. Oyedeji ◽  
Adedayo A. Owoeye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Plasma Retinol

Using the World Health Organization criterion, the prevalence of sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency can be assessed using plasma retinol concentrations <0·7 μmol/l. However, plasma retinol can be depressed by infection; thus, the use of this criterion alone may overestimate deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the usefulness of the acute-phase proteins (APP) α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), plasma carotenoids and anthropometric and gestational indices to interpret plasma retinol in the blood of 192 apparently healthy Nigerian neonates collected randomly during days 1–20 postpartum. The mean weight (2·64 kg) and length (0·458 m) of the neonates and plasma concentrations (geometric mean, μmol/l) of retinol (0·54), α-carotene (0·072), ß-carotene (0·076) and lutein (0·080) were low. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 72 %, indicating a severe public health problem. Babies who were of low birth weight (P<0·003) or premature and low birth weight (P<0·023) had significantly lower retinol concentrations than full-term normal weight babies. Thirty-two neonates had abnormal ACT and forty-four abnormal AGP concentrations. Positive correlations between retinol and ACT (r0·186,P=0·05) and AGP (r0·31,P=0·0001) during days 1–5 may be due to the increasing plasma retinol from maternal milk and a coincidental increasing capacity to synthesise APP. Subsequently, negative correlations between retinol and ACT (r−0·28,P=0·02) and AGP (r−0·29,P=0·018) from day 6 onwards reflected the continuing increase in plasma retinol, but no further increase in the APP. Overall, weight, ACT, lutein and age explained 30 % of the variance in retinol, but lutein was the most significant (r20·18,P<0·0001). Hence, the distribution of plasma retinol concentrations in this group of neonates was more strongly linked with nutrition (via the surrogate marker lutein) than infection.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic and wound healing potential of Benincasa hispida in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1539-1545
Author(s):  
Vemulapalli Ravi Kumar ◽  
Veerachamy Alagarsamy ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Jat
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Contraction Rate ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wound Healing Effect

Benincasa hispida (B.hispida) is a potential bioactive herb with a wide range of pharmacological actions.  Diabetes wound healing effect of effect of B.hispida is not clear. Hence the study was planned to investigate the antidiabetic and wound healing activities of methanolic and petroleum ether of B.hispida on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intra peritoneal injection of Streptozocin (60mg/kg). The antidiabetic activity was studied at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) of plant extracts. In this study, STZ intoxicated rats displayed increased blood glucose level, lipid peroxidation and decreased level of antioxidants. Further, lipid profiles such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL were significantly increased and HDL was significantly decreased in STZ diabetic rats. Treatment with B.hispida methanolic and petroleum extracts at the dose of 100 and 200mg/kg showed significant antidiabetic activity. Further, in wounded rats, B.hispida significantly increased the wound contraction rate and shorten the period of epithelization. In conclusion, B.hispida showed a significant antidiabetic and wound activities mediated through its antioxidant effect.

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