scholarly journals Food-based nutrition interventions at community level

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S1) ◽  
pp. S20-S22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilio Morón
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations promotes nutrition interventions considering food as the basis for action, given the strategic role of food and the agricultural sector to improve food security for the community; thus, a large number of people, especially the poor, who participate directly or indirectly in agricultural activities are able to obtain benefits from its multifunctional character. Food-based nutrition interventions have the purpose of improving food production and availability, processing and conservation, supply and commercialization, as well as access and food consumption. The basis of this focus is community and local government participation in the planning, execution, supervision and evaluation of specific interventions. Food-based nutrition interventions include the development of community gardens and farms in urban and rural areas; hydroponic gardens and other related initiatives in urban and periurban agriculture; as well as the promotion of traditional crops with nutritional value and the development of small agro-industries. Food-based nutrition interventions can be implemented to improve the food supply in street and itinerant markets, town squares and rural markets, and street food sales. In all food-based interventions, food safety and quality control must be taken into consideration throughout the food chain. The interventions on nutrition education increase the family's capacity to improve access to and consumption of food. Food-based dietary guidelines and nutrition education in schools are highlighted, as well as the utilization of school gardens.

Water-Reform Strategies in Iran's Agricultural Sector

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Haghiri ◽  
Mohammad Karimkoshteh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Following Instructions ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Water Reform ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractProviding sufficient water for various uses, in particular the agriculture sector, is one of the important problems that Iran faces. Following instructions of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Iran started considering its waterreform strategies to avoid water crises. No unique solutions can be drawn from other nations' experience since water crisis is a country-specific problem. Water-reform strategies are important, particularly when the multioriented purpose of sustainability in Iran's agricultural sector is of interest as well. The pros and cons of water-reform strategies are discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition education intervention on undernutrition among under five children in urban and rural areas of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4536
Author(s):  
Shailendra Meena ◽  
Pratibha Meena
Keyword(s):  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Education Intervention ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Nutrition education is defined as instruction or training intended to lead to acquired nutrition-related knowledge and/or nutrition-related skills and be provided in individual. It is also demonstrably capable of improving dietary behaviour and nutrition status on its own.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the urban and rural ICDS projects of Bhopal district, Madhya Pradesh from July 2014 to June 2015. Three types of instruments were used: NIPCCD Suposhan Guide, a structured questionnaire and anthropometric measurements including weight, height and MUAC. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel and was analyzed by using EPI Info version 7.Results: As per Z score 7.9% children had normal weight (Z score above -1SD), 31.7% had mild underweight (Z score between -1SD to -2SD), 40.7% had moderate underweight (Z score between -2SD to -3SD) and 19.6% had severe underweight (Z score below -3SD). Reduction in moderate underweight was from 39.2% to 33.9% and in severe underweight it was from 19.3% to 15.2% in urban area. In the rural area reduction in moderate underweight was from 44.1% to 36.6% and in the severe underweight group it was from 20.4% to 9.7%.Conclusions: In our nutrition education intervention we found that a well planned, short, simple, focused and based on locally available food items delivered with little empathy can do a lot even in weaker sections of the society. 

scholarly journals Bicluster CC Algoritm Analysis to Identify Patterns of Food Insecurity in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Raditya Novidianto ◽  
Rini Irfani
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Parameter Tuning ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
The One

Indonesia is known as an agricultural country. This means that most of the population work in the agricultural sector related to food. However, food insecurity still occurs in Indonesia. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) stated that there was a threat of food scarcity which had an impact on food insecurity conditions. This would undermine the second goal of the SDGs, which is to end hunger and create sustainable agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial pattern of food insecurity in each province in Indonesia using the bicluster method. The data used are data from Susenas and Sakernas by BPS in 2019. Several studies show that the bicluster method with the CC algorithm shows that each province group has a different characteristic pattern. In the bicluster approach, the researcher runs parameter tuning to select the best parameter based on the Mean Square Residual in Volume (MSR / V). The CC algorithm tries to get a bicluster with a low MSR value, therefore the best parameter is the one that produces the smallest MSR / V value, in this study the smallest MSR / V is 0,01737 with δ = 0,01. The application of the CC biclustering algorithm to the food insecurity structure in Indonesia results in 5 bicluster. Bicluster 1 consists of 15 provinces with 8 variables, Bicluster 2 consists of 10 provinces with 5 variables, Bicluster 3 consists of 3 provinces with 7 variables, Bicluster 4 consists of 4 provinces with 4 variables and Bicluster 5 consists of 2 provinces with 5 variables. Biculster 4 represents a cluster of food insecurity areas with the characteristics of the bicluster P0, P1, P2 and calorie consumption of less than 1400 KKAL.

Food security from a water perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-258
Author(s):  
Shima Kheirinejad ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Vijay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Member States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Abstract Access to enough food to eliminate hunger is a fundamental right of society. Lack of food is an obstacle to social, political, economic, and cultural development of society. Investment in agriculture, support of education, and health development in the community can lead to food security. Water is fundamental to agriculture and hence to food and nutritional security. Water is also vital for plants and livestock. Agriculture has the largest share of water consumption, accounting for about 70% of all freshwater earmarked for human use, and good quality water is needed for production of a wide variety of non-food products, such as cotton, rubber, and industrial oils. In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirmed everyone's right to adequate food. However, accessing adequate food in rural areas in many developing countries depends on access to natural resources, including water. On 28 July 2010, the UN General Assembly declared access to clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right. Significant changes in policy and management across the entire agricultural production chain are necessary to ensure the best use of available water resources to meet the growing need for food and other agricultural products. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) works with countries around the world to improve food security. It has been assisting member states in cooperation with public and private financial institutions since 1964, and has implemented numerous programs to invest in agriculture and rural development. In recent years, emergency aid to meet the urgent needs of people in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member states has been provided through these programs in times of crises, such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, and avian influenza.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Chicken Products’ Export to Economic Growth: Evidence from China, the United States, and Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Wen ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Sangluo Sun ◽  
Qinying He ◽  
Fu-Sheng Tsai
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Export ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship

As a core industry of the national economy, there is no doubt that the agricultural sector has to adapt to the new economic development. In the literature, many researchers have agreed that agricultural export is an important factor affecting economic growth. This paper explores the contribution of chicken products’ export to economic growth and the causal relationship between them. Based on the data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and World Bank between 1980 and 2016, this paper describes and compares the characteristics of chicken products’ export trade of China, the United States, and Brazil. By applying the co-integration analysis, we find that there is no significant long-term equilibrium relationship between chicken products’ export and economic growth rate in China, the United States, or Brazil. However, the growth rate of chicken products’ export significantly promotes the economic growth rate for the United States. Besides, for both China and the United States, the direct pull degree (an estimator quantifying the degree of agricultural products’ exports in stimulating economic growth) of chicken products’ export is relatively small and less volatile. Yet, the direct pull degree of China is 14 times that of the United States, and the contribution to the economic growth rate of the United States is 8 times that of China. Both the direct pull degree and economic growth contribution of chicken products’ export of Brazil fluctuates more often, and its direct pull degree is 0.25 times that of China, and the economic contributions to the growth rate is 1.65 times that of China.

RESURRECTION OF THE PRIVATE MICRO-ENTERPRISES IN CHINA: EXPERIENCE IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
EBEL WICKRAMANAYAKE ◽  
YAFANG CHEN ◽  
MING WEN
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Socialist Market Economy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Capital Access ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The People's Republic of China initiated a reform programme in late 1970s to move from a socialist to a socialist market economy. The unemployment in urban areas and poor performances of the agricultural sector prompted to a great extent the introduction of reforms which paved the way for the resurrection of private micro-enterprises both in urban and rural areas. A comparison of the characteristics of these enterprises such as entrepreneurship, sources of capital, access to land and sites, technology, sources of raw materials, labour utilisation, type of activities and internal capital accumulation highlights their similarities and differences.

scholarly journals The Role of Agriculture in Ensuring Food Security in Developing Countries: Considerations in the Context of the Problem of Sustainable Food Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Pawlak ◽  
Małgorzata Kołodziejczak
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Strategic Role

Ensuring food security has become an issue of key importance to countries with different degrees of economic development, while the agricultural sector plays a strategic role in improving food availability. The aim of this paper is to identify relationships between the undernourishment scale and selected characteristics describing the agricultural sector within identified clusters of developing countries. Typological groups of countries were separated using Ward’s method. It results from the analyses that the greatest problems with maintaining food security are observed in the developing countries with a high share of agriculture in their Gross Domestic Product (GDP), adverse conditions hindering agricultural production and deficient infrastructure. Based on research results desirable and tailored strategies for food security improvement in individual clusters were developed. Promoting investments in agricultural infrastructure and extension services along with adopting measures aimed at increasing the households’ purchasing power, especially those in rural areas, appear to be key drivers for improving both food availability and food access. The paper focuses not only on identifying the reasons of undernourishment, but also contributes to recognition of the most effective ways to solve the hunger problem under a country’s unique conditions. It offers a comprehensive perspective for the policy formulation in various areas world-wide, which may be of interest to scholars and policy makers.

scholarly journals Towards smart dairy nutrition: Improving sustainability and economics of dairy production

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schönleben ◽  
Joachim Mentschel ◽  
Luboš Střelec
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Dairy Nutrition

To satisfy increasing food and nutrient supply requirements for our growing future human population, farmers and staple food producers carry vital responsibilities. Especially farmers with ruminant livestock like dairy cows transform otherwise for human consumption unsuitable fibre into highly nutritious milk and meat. Nevertheless, dairy farmers are challenged increasingly by the consequences of global warming. Economic risks like feed supply and volatile commodity prices need to be balanced, also taking into account the increasing environmental awareness of end-customers. Focusing just on emissions, dairy production is contributing an essential part of the total carbon footprint emitted by the agricultural sector. Since rumen degradability of feed was identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as one of the most influential parameters in reducing the carbon footprint of dairy farming, the desire to exploit leverage potential for efficiency increases can be considered exceptionally high. Although the positive effects of improved feed, in other words, neutral detergent fibre rumen degradability for dairy farming are well understood, detailed information on the correct management to obtain well digestible feed sources is still missing. Using the smart dairy nutrition ration formulation concept, applying readily on-farm available digitized data and management information the objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the influential parameters which govern neutral detergent fibre rumen degradability of corn silage, using a set of 584 corn silages from multiple years, and 2) to evaluate within an integrated dairy production set up the economic and ecological improvement potential by feeding a subset of 28 different corn silages, including detailed variety information. Results show that the neutral detergent fibre rumen degradability is primarily governed by variety choice and can be four times more important than the correct harvest stage decision. By feeding corn silage varieties with high neutral detergent fibre rumen degradability, monetary income could be increased by ~10% while simultaneously reducing manure accumulation.

scholarly journals Optimal set of agri-environmental indicators for the agricultural sector of Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2171-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Hřebíček ◽  
Oldřich Trenz ◽  
Eliška Vernerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Optimal Set

Current trends of agri-environmental indicators evaluation (i.e., the measurement of environmental performance) and farm reporting are discussed in the paper focusing on the agriculture sector. From the perspective of agricultural policy, there are two broad decisions to make: which indicators to recommend and promote to farmers, and which indicators to collect to assist in agriculture policy-making. We introduce several general approaches for indicators to collect to assist in policy-making (European Union, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) in the first part of our paper and given the differences in decision-making problems faced by these sets of decision makers. We continue in the second part of the paper with a proposal of indicators to recommend and promote to farmers in the Czech Republic.

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