Food security from a water perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 235-258
Author(s):  
Shima Kheirinejad ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Vijay P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Member States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security

Abstract Access to enough food to eliminate hunger is a fundamental right of society. Lack of food is an obstacle to social, political, economic, and cultural development of society. Investment in agriculture, support of education, and health development in the community can lead to food security. Water is fundamental to agriculture and hence to food and nutritional security. Water is also vital for plants and livestock. Agriculture has the largest share of water consumption, accounting for about 70% of all freshwater earmarked for human use, and good quality water is needed for production of a wide variety of non-food products, such as cotton, rubber, and industrial oils. In 1948, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirmed everyone's right to adequate food. However, accessing adequate food in rural areas in many developing countries depends on access to natural resources, including water. On 28 July 2010, the UN General Assembly declared access to clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right. Significant changes in policy and management across the entire agricultural production chain are necessary to ensure the best use of available water resources to meet the growing need for food and other agricultural products. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) works with countries around the world to improve food security. It has been assisting member states in cooperation with public and private financial institutions since 1964, and has implemented numerous programs to invest in agriculture and rural development. In recent years, emergency aid to meet the urgent needs of people in Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member states has been provided through these programs in times of crises, such as earthquakes, floods, droughts, and avian influenza.

Productivity, Poverty Alleviation, and Food Security

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Physical Access

Most observers agree that, barring catastrophe, the global population will number more than 8 billion by 2025. There is, however, less agreement about the consequences for food security. Some, for example, Brown and Kane of the World Watch Institute (Brown and Kane, 1994), argue that there will be widespread shortages of foodstuffs, accompanied by higher global prices. Others, like Alexandratos of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (Alexandratos, 1995), claim that production will match rising demands and that prices will continue to decline in real terms. All agree, however, that the world’s poor, especially those in the poorest countries, will be without adequate food. This chapter links food security with poverty and argues that increased productivity in agriculture is the most effective way for the poor to achieve food security. What is food security? The International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI (IFPRI, 1995) defines food security as “economic and physical access at all times to the food required for a healthy and productive life.” Food security has two dimensions: the availability of food and access to food. Availability depends on production, and, while the debate about global availability continues, the view in this chapter, like that of the FAO, is that adequate food will be available globally at real prices roughly comparable to those prevailing in the 1990s. (See Dyson, 1996, p. 167, for perhaps the latest systematic study holding this view.) To achieve food adequacy, the major assumptions here are that research will continue to turn out the elements of improved technologies and that Eastern Europe, especially Russia and Ukraine, will move closer to its potential as a food supplier. Lack of access to food because of poverty, however, is a major challenge. Some people in the developed world and in higher-income developing countries do not have access to food, but policy changes could resolve that problem; certainly, such societies have the resources. This is not the case for the poor in the world’s poorest countries; for them, the combination of individual and societal poverty severely limits access to adequate foodstuffs.

scholarly journals Nutritional Health, Food Safety and its Social Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Luis Henrique Almeida Castro ◽  
Geanlucas Mendes Monteiro ◽  
Gildiney Penaves de Alencar ◽  
Thiago Teixeira Pereira ◽  
Fernanda Viana De Carvalho Moreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Adequate Food

In its latest report, the United Nations for Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) pointed out that the number of those who go hungry increased for the third year in a row affecting about 821 million people worldwide in 2018. Moreover, for the most part, studies show that food insecurity tends to follow social trends in such a way that it is precisely population groups in minorities or marginalized who are most likely to be exposed to food shortages and/or lack of access to adequate food. In this scenario, the concepts of food safety and insecurity gain prominence in the international debate playing a role of relevance to global public health. Achieving a healthy and sustainable food model is today one of the main objectives of modern and globalized society. With this, the main objective of this study is to collect in the scientific literature and discuss briefly about the social, environmental and geopolitical determinants that are (or should be) involved in the continuous process of effective human right to adequate feeding.

scholarly journals POVERTY AND FOOD SECURITY OF THE FARMER HOUSEHOLDS IN KEDUANG SUBWATERSHED WONOGIRI DISTRICT

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ajeng Ayu Nabila Mandala ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti ◽  
Slamet Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
Food Expenditure

This study aims to know human assets, natural, physical financial, and social to identify level of poverty and food security in critical and non critical land areas, to analyze factors affecting level of food security, to identify lingkages between poverty and food security. The research was conducted in Keduang Subwatershed Wonogiri District determined purposively covering upstream, widstream, and downstream which describes the land area of critical and non critical. The respondents are 120 farmers, randomly selected woth 20 farmers in each location. The result show that human assets  ( age, education, farming experience, numbe r of household), natural  ( land area, area assets). Physical (vehicles), financial (savings, jewelry, cuttle), social (solidarity, trust, and cooperation, conflict resolution) in the critical land areas are similar to the non critical, while agricultural equipment in critical land areas lower than then non critical. Poverty in the critical higher than the non critical areas based on criteria Sajogyo, World Bank, Asian Development Bank(ADB), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), whereas according to the criteria of BPS Wonogiri District in areas of critical and non critical landa not classified as poor. Food security in critical is lower than the non critical areas. Factors affecting food security are education, land area, number of households, food expenditure, non food expenditure. . Poverty and food security are intertwined, percentage of vulnerablewithin non poor households ara found enough high where sometime the vulnerable household be able to change into insecure category if the food  supply is not sufficient.

scholarly journals [Legal Issues in Food Securities Analysis from The Perspective of Tasawur Islam] Isu Perundangan Dalam Sekuriti Makanan Analisis Dari Perspektif Tasawur Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Nurul Suhada Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Of Food

The explosion of technology allows more manufacture food and variety in the market. However, the massive quantity of food is not essential measure of economic progress because the quality of food is more important when producing food. In realizing food quality along with food quantities, various legal issues related to food security have been arisen. Thus, this paper will be examine the legal issues related to food security from the Islamic perspective worldview. Using a study of documents released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and content analysis, there are several legislative issues that have been found regarding food security. Such issues include aspects of food production, exploitation of natural resources, trade, and rights to the food. The apparent impact of these issues has undermined food security and food access, thus prompting food security in various parts of the world. Through an analysis of Islamic worldview, this paper presents the preservation of habluminallah and habluminannas relationships as a basis for addressing the issues discussed. Ledakan teknologi membolehkan bahan makanan dihasilkan dengan lebih banyak dan pelbagai di pasaran. Namun demikian, kuantiti makanan yang banyak bukan ukuran kemajuan ekonomi yang hakiki kerana kualiti makanan lebih utama untuk diambil kira dalam menghasilkan makanan. Dalam merealisasikan kualiti seiring dengan kuantiti makanan, pelbagai isu perundangan berkaitan sekuriti makanan telah timbul. Menyedari perkara berkenaan, makalah ini akan meneliti isu perundangan yang berkaitan sekuriti makanan daripada perspektif tasawur Islam. Dengan menggunakan kajian ke atas dokumen yang dikeluarkan oleh Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian (Food and Agriculture Organization) (FAO) dan analisis kandungan, terdapat beberapa isu perundangan berkaitan sekuriti makanan yang ditemui. Isu tersebut merangkumi aspek pengeluaran makanan, eksploitasi sumber alam, perdagangan, serta hak terhadap makanan. Kesan ketara isu-isu tersebut telah menjejaskan jaminan keselamatan makanan dan akses makanan sekali gus menggugah sekuriti makanan di pelbagai bahagian dunia. Melalui analisis daripada tasawur Islam, makalah ini mengemukakan pemeliharaan hubungan habluminallah dan habluminannas sebagai asas mengatasi isu-isu yang dibincangkan.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Belshaw
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The People ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The Common ◽  
The United Nations

One of the first of the specialized agencies of the United Nations to become active, the Food and Agriculture Organization has elicited interest beyond the specialized field of agricultural economists. Attempting as it does to solve one of the very basic problems of the world, that of an adequate food supply, the organization represents a significant and hopeful international attempt to create a world in which there may actually exist “freedom from want.” The objectives of FAO, as formally expressed in the preamble to the constitution, read as follows:“The nations accepting this constitution being determined to promote the common welfare by furthering separate and collective action on their part for the purpose of raising levels of nutrition and standards of living of the people under their jurisdiction, securing improvements in the efficiency of the production of all food and agricultural products, bettering the conditions of rural populations, and thus contributing toward an expanding world economy, hereby establish the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.”

International Refugee Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Health ◽  
General Council ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Member States ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Health Organization

The ninth and final session of the International Refugee Organization's General Council was held in Geneva from February 11 to 16, 1952. All but two (China and Iceland) of the member states were represented at the session, as were observers of six non-member states, the Holy See, the United Nations, the International Labor Organization, the World Health Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Having elected officers for the session and having approved the report on the eighth session, the General Council received and considered, from the acting chairman of the Eligibility Review Board, a report covering the period from July 1 to December 31, 1951; during which time 2,606 decisions were made after 1,086 appellants had received personal interviews. The acting chairman revealed that during the entire life of the board 21,906 personal hearings had been given and 36,742 decisions had been made involving approximately 80,000 persons, with the eligibility criteria for IRO services — under the policy guidance of the Executive Committee and General Council — becoming more and more lenient as the operation progressed. The acting chairman of the board, having outlined to the council the reasons why it was still useful for refugees in Germany and elsewhere to be determined eligible for IRO services despite the fact that IRO had ceased to grant such services, stated that the board would finalize as many outstanding appeals as possible before it ceased to exist on February 15, 1952.

Hunger, Food Security, and the African Land Grab

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Schiffman
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
The Past ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World

If you were organizing dinner parties for the world, you would need to put out 219,000 more place settings every night than you had the night before. That is how fast the Earth's population is growing. But global agricultural production is currently failing to keep pace. A June 2012 report by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) sees trouble looming ahead, warning that “land and water resources are now much more stressed than in the past and are becoming scarcer.”

scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I Khamidov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Since January 2020, the world faced one of the largest outbreaks of human history that coronavirus (Covid-19) began spreading among countries across the globe. Plenty of research institutes developed insights and estimations regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on agriculture and food security system. The UN estimations indicate that more than 132 million people around the world may have hunger due to the economic recession as a result of the pandemic. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is pushing forward the strategies in order for increasing food supply in developing countries and providing assistance to food producers and suppliers. World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that the pandemic may not finish by the end of 2020 and countries should be prepared for longer effects within 2021. In this regard, ensuring food security as well as sufficient food supply would be one of the crucial aspects of policy functions in developing countries.

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