Evaluation of perennial herbaceous legumes with different phosphorus sources and levels in a Brazilian Ultisol

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A.A. Espindola ◽  
J.G.M. Guerra ◽  
D.L. Almeida ◽  
M.G. Teixeira ◽  
S. Urquiaga
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Herbaceous Legumes ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

AbstractThis study was carried out under field conditions with the aim of evaluating the period of time necessary for soil cover, dry matter production and accumulation of nutrients by perennial herbaceous legumes with different phosphorus sources at different levels. Four legumes were evaluated: calopo (Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.), forage groundnut (Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum (OC.) Urb.) and tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.). Each of these species received different phosphorus (P) sources and levels: no phosphate fertilization; 44 and 88 kg of P ha−1 applied as rock phosphate; and 44 kg of P ha−1 as triple superphosphate. Calopo, siratro and tropical kudzu completely covered the soil surface 129 days before forage groundnut. Phosphate fertilization did not increase the dry matter production of any species. The legumes forage groundnut, siratro and tropical kudzu showed desirable characteristics that promote their use as cover crops, such as high dry matter production and shoot accumulation of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Forage groundnut had the highest proportion of N derived from the atmosphere at the end of the rainy season, while there were no significant differences between the legumes at the end of the dry season. There was an elevation of soil pH and calcium+magnesium (Ca+Mg) contents, associated with a reduction of aluminum (Al) content, in the surface soil layer (0–5 cm) for siratro in relation to groundnut and tropical kudzu. Tropical kudzu promoted higher soil organic C contents when compared to groundnut.

scholarly journals Sorghum yield after liming and combinations of phosphorus sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Thiago C. Silveira ◽  
Rodinei F. Pegoraro ◽  
Marcos K. Kondo ◽  
Arley F. Portugal ◽  
Álvaro V. Resende
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Natural Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

ABSTRACT Phosphate fertilization has increased sorghum yield, but few studies are available on sorghum production and efficient fertilizer management related to liming and phosphorus (P) sources. This work evaluates production, dry matter partitioning and agronomic efficiency (AEI) in successive sorghum cycles after application of limestone and combinations of phosphorus sources. Two cycles were conducted in sequence in the same experimental field, in a 2 x 6 factorial scheme, corresponding to soil with or without liming and six combinations of P2O5 sources: control (0 kg ha-1 P2O5), 100% Itafós natural phosphate (NP), 75% NP + 25% single superphosphate (SS), 50% NP + 50% SS, 25% NP + 75% SS and 100% SS. Pots with capacity for 8 dm3 were used in a randomized block design with four replicates. The first cycle, conducted in the summer/autumn season, reached the highest dry matter production and P accumulation in treatments with higher SS proportions, leading to higher AEI. Subsequently, in the second cycle, conducted considering only the residual phosphate fertilization of the first cycle, highest dry matter production and AEI were obtained in the treatment with 100% or higher proportions of natural phosphate in the presence of liming, most likely due to the gradual release of P.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO DE MATÉRIA SECA E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO REAL DA AVEIA PRETA (Avena strigosa S.) EM SEIS NÍVEIS FREÁTICOS

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
Marcos Henrique Sias Silveira ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Water Table Level ◽  
Avena Strigosa ◽  
Matter Production

PRODUÇÃO DE MATÉRIA SECA E EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO REAL DA AVEIA PRETA (Avena strigosa S.) EM SEIS NÍVEIS FREÁTICOS  Marcos Henrique Dias SilveiraAntonio Evaldo KlarDepartamento de Engenharia Rural –  Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – UnespBotucatu – SP  Cep: 18603-970Fone: (0xx14) 6802-7165 – [email protected]  1  RESUMO Para avaliar os efeitos de seis diferentes níveis freáticos na produção de matéria seca e na evapotranspiração real ou de cultura da aveia preta (Avena strigosa S.) foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, no Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA - Campus de Botucatu - UNESP.  Foram semeadas 21 sementes de aveia por vaso, construído de anéis de PVC, com diâmetro nominal de 0,15m x 0,07m de comprimento e alturas totais variando entre 0,21m e 0,91m, de modo a simular os efeitos de níveis freáticos de 0,17m, 0,31m, 0,45m, 0,59m, 0,73m e 0,87m de profundidade.  Após a emergência das plântulas procedeu-se ao desbaste,  deixando-se 8 plantas por vaso, com 06 repetições (seis vasos) para cada nível freático, totalizando 36 vasos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado.  Dados de evapotranspiração real foram coletados diariamente e computados semanalmente.  As plantas foram cortadas rente ao solo ao final da 12.ª semana após a semeadura.  Foram avaliadas as produções de matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular em cada nível freático.  Os resultados mostraram maior produção de matéria seca para o nível freático mais superficial (0,17m), com queda gradativa à medida que o nível freático se aprofundava. A evapotranspiração da cultura  mostrou a mesma tendência, variando entre 591,6 mm  no tratamento com nível freático a 0,17m de profundidade e 215,4 mm para o de 0,87m de profundidade. UNITERMOS: evapotranspiração, níveis freáticos, aveia preta.  SILVEIRA, M. H. D., KLAR, A. E.  DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF OAT         ( Avena strigosa S.) UNDER  SEVERAL TABLE LEVELS.  2  ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of six different water table levels on yield and evapotranspiration of oat (Avena strigosa S.) .  21 seeds were sowed  per  pot, which was built with PVC rings (0.15m nominal diameter x 0.07m lenght).  6 water table levels were used: 0.17; 0.31; 0.45; 0.59; 0.73; and 0.87 m measured from the soil surface replicated  6  times.  The completely randomised design was used.  After seedling emergency, 8 plants were maintained  per  pot.  The evapotranspiration were daily measured from reservoirs connected to the pots.  The plants were cut at the soil surface level after 12 weeks from the sowing.The results showed greater dry matter production at the most superficial water table level with progressive decrease with water level distance from the soil surface.  The  evapotranspiration  showed  the  same tendency: the higher values occurred on the 0.17m water table (591.6 mm) until 0.87m water table (215.4 mm). KEYWORDS:  water table, evapotranspiration, Avena strigosa S.

Effects of irrigation frequency and transient waterlogging on the production of a perennial ryegrass - white clover pasture

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Dunbabin ◽  
I. H. Hume ◽  
M. E. Ireson
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Matter Production

Summary. Perennial ryegrass–white clover swards were irrigated for 3 years every 50, 80 and 120 mm of crop evapotranspiration minus rainfall (ETc–R) and water ponded on the soil surface for either 4, 12 or 24 h at each irrigation. Pasture production and clover content were highly seasonal, peaking in spring and autumn. Frequent irrigation increased dry matter production by an average of 56%. When irrigating at 50 mm ETc–R, dry matter production was decreased by ponding water on plots, 17% for 12 h ponding and 14% if ponded for 24 h. However, when irrigating at an interval of 80 mm ETc–R ponding increased dry matter production by 7% for 12 h ponding and by 25% for 24 h ponding. Ponding also increased production at an irrigation interval of 120 mm ETc–R by 25% for 12 h ponding but only by 2.4% for 24 h ponding. While these increases in dry matter production are large in relative terms the absolute increase in production is small. More water infiltrated per irrigation at longer irrigation intervals, and at longer ponding times. Frequently irrigated, rapidly drained swards used irrigation water most efficiently. The small gain in dry matter production achieved by prolonging ponding at longer irrigation intervals is an inefficient use of water and likely to recharge regional groundwater systems. Oxygen diffusion rate measurements suggested that ponding for as short as 4 h was likely to cause waterlogging stresses and that these stresses were higher when irrigating frequently. The relative increase in waterlogging stress by extending the period of ponding from 4 to 24 h was small.

scholarly journals Dry Mass Accumulation, Nutrients and Decomposition of Cover Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Conceição de Sousa ◽  
João Carlos Medeiros ◽  
Julian Junio de Jesus Lacerda ◽  
Jaqueline Dalla Rosa ◽  
Cácio Luiz Boechat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

The use of cover crops is an important strategy for soil management in the Brazilian Cerrado to improve no-tillage (NT) systems. For this, it is necessary know the potential of cover crop species for biomass production, nutrient cycling, and persistence of residues on the soil surface in soils and climatic conditions of this biome. Thus, the experiment was developed to evaluate the agronomic potential of cover crops cultivated on an Oxisol (Latossolo Amarelo) in the Cerrado of Piauí, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from January 2015 to July 2016. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 11 treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of single and intercropped cover species. The evaluations were: dry mass production, nutritional composition of the plants, nutrient accumulation by dry mass produced and decomposition rate of the dry mass produced for each treatment. The higher dry matter production was obtained with Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Pennisetum glaucum and Brachiaria ruziziensis. The lower dry matter production was obtained with Mucuna aterrima, and mix of Crotalaria spectabilis + Pennisetum glaucum. The higher nutrients accumulation in the plants occurred for Cajanus cajan (cv. IAC-Fava larga), Crotalaria juncea and Crotalaria spectabilis. The cover plants studied presented good potential for soil conservation, due to the permanence of residues on the surface, except for Mucuna aterrima and Crotalaria spectabilis.

scholarly journals Efficiency and response of conilon coffee clones to phosphorus fertilization

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lima Deleon Martins ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Tomaz ◽  
José Francisco Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Scheilla Marina Bragança ◽  
Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Studies on nutritional efficiency of phosphorus in conilon coffee plants are important tools to unravel the high limitation that natural low levels of this nutrient in soil impose to these species cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional efficiency and the response to phosphorus of conilon coffee clones. Plants were managed during 150 days in pots containing 10 dm³ of soil, in greenhouse. A factorial scheme 13 x 2 was used, with three replications, being the factors: 13 clones constituting the clonal cultivar "Vitória Incaper 8142" and two levels of phosphate fertilization (0% and 150% of the P2O5 usualy recommended), in a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate a differentiated response of dry matter production and of phosphorus content on each level of phosphate fertilization for the conilon coffee clones and that CV-04, CV-05 and CV-08 clones are nutritionally efficient and responsive to the phosphate fertilization.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA DENSIDADE DE PLANTAS, CORTES E DOSES DE NITROGÊNIO NA PRODUÇÃO DE CAPIM-PIATÃ

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532
Author(s):  
Adriano Catossi Tinos ◽  
Giuliani do Prado ◽  
Beatriz Furlan Fonseca ◽  
Jhésmila Ingridy Bueno ◽  
Rafael Rech Bruscagin
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

O Brasil apresenta numeroso rebanho bovino e as pastagens proporcionam a maneira mais prática e econômica de fornecer forragem ao rebanho. O trabalho, conduzido na Universidade Estadual de Maringá, em Cidade Gaúcha, Paraná, objetivou avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantas e de doses de nitrogênio na produção de forragem de Brachiariabrizantha cv. Piatã. O experimento foi implantado em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4x4x10, com três repetições. Foram avaliados: i) doses de nitrogênio (0, 17, 33 e 50 kg ha-1 corte-1),aplicadas em cobertura após cada corte do pasto; ii) densidade de plantas (10, 20, 30 e 40 plantas m-2) e; iii) 10 ciclos de cortes das pastagens, realizados no decorrer do experimento. As produções de matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea da pastagem foram avaliadas. Os ciclos de corte e as doses de nitrogênio influenciaram na produção de massa fresca e seca. As maiores produções de massa fresca e seca foram obtidas na densidade de 10 plantas m-2 e, as menores, na densidade de 40 plantas m-2. O aumento da dose de nitrogênio até 50 kg N ha-1 corte-1 proporcionou incremento na produção de massa fresca e seca de pastagem de Piatã.Palavras chave: ciclo de corte; forragem; massa seca. INFLUENCE OF PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN DOSES ON CAPIM-PIATÃ PRODUCTION ABSTRACT: Brazil has a large cattle herd, and pastures have offered the most practical and economical way of providing them forage. This work was carried out at the UniversidadeEstadual de Maringá, in CidadeGaúcha city, Paraná state, and it aimed to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen levels on forage production of Brachiariabrizantha cv. Piatã.The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design in a 4x4x10 factorial scheme, with three replications. The evaluated factors were: i) nitrogen doses (0, 17, 33 e 50 kg ha-1 cut-1), applied on the soil surface after each cutting cycle; ii) plant density (10, 20, 30 e 40 plants m-2) and; iii) 10 pasture cutting cycles which were performed over the experiment. Fresh and dry matter productions of the pasture aerial part were evaluated. The factors cutting cycles and nitrogen levels had influenced on fresh and dry matter production of pasture. The highest yields of fresh and dry matter production were obtained at a plant density of 10 plants m-2 and the smallest yields for the plant density of 40 plants m-2. Increasing the nitrogen dose by 50 kg N ha-1 cut-1 provided an increase in the fresh and dry matter production of Brachiariabrizantha cv. Piatã.Key words: cuttingcycle; forage; dry matter.

scholarly journals Phosphorus sources enriched with filter cake and microorganisms in the soil microbiota: Phosphorus absorption and sugar cane dry matter production

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo R Hernández ◽  
Renato de M Prado ◽  
Leónides C González ◽  
Gustavo Caione ◽  
Leandro R Moda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Phosphorus Sources

scholarly journals Effect of Smashing Ridge Tillage Depth on Soil Water, Salinity, and Yield in Saline Cotton Fields in South Xinjiang, China

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Zhentao Bai ◽  
Hongguang Liu ◽  
Tangang Wang ◽  
Ping Gong ◽  
Huiqin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Opening Stage ◽  
Ridge Tillage

To explore the potential of smashing ridge tillage irrigation, it is necessary to investigate how smashing ridge tillage technology with mulched drip irrigation affects soil water, salinity, and cotton yield in saline fields. We conducted a two-year (2020–2021) field experiment to study the effects of different smashing ridge tillage depths on soil bulk density, moisture, salinity, dry matter production, yield, and its constituents (effective bolls, 100-bell weight). There were three smashing ridge tillage depths: A (20 cm), B (40 cm), and C (60 cm), with traditional tillage as the CT. The results showed that all of the smashing ridge tillage could reduce soil bulk density, improve the utilization and uptake of deep soil water during the rapid growth period, and reduce the soil salt content. Compared with the CT treatment, the average soil bulk density of the 0–60 cm soil layer in treatments A, B, and C in 2020 and 2021 decreased by 3.05%, 5.87%, 10.09%, and 1.65%, 4.48%, and 8.49%, respectively. The average soil water content in the 0–120 cm soil layer at the flowering and boll stage decreased by 3.68%, 6.28%, 9.04%, and 3.59%, 6.52%, and 9.98%, respectively; the soil salt content in the 0–120 cm soil layer at the boll opening stage decreased by 4.21%, 6.75%, 11.95%, and 5.47%, 24.25%, and 54.13%, respectively. Cotton dry matter production and yield tended to increase with an increasing depth of smash ridge tillage. Treatment C obtained the maximum dry matter production, seed cotton yield, effective bolls, and 100-boll weight. The dry matter production at the boll opening stage was significantly increased by 17.16% and 15.91%, and the yield was significantly increased by 65.24% and 84.14% in treatments C in 2020 and 2021, respectively, compared to CT. The smashing ridge tillage of 60 cm can optimize the structure of the soil tillage layer and also reduce soil salinity and increase yield, which is the suitable depth of smashing ridge tillage for saline cotton fields in the south of Xinjiang. The findings of the study can provide some theoretical basis and practical experience for the improvement of saline soils and sustainable agricultural development in South Xinjiang, China.

scholarly journals Cycling of nutrients and silicon in pigeonpea and pearl millet monoculture and intercropping

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1628-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Jayme Ferrari Neto ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Tillage System

In a no-tillage system, cover crops must be used that combine shoot dry matter production and nutrient recycling. The aim of this study was to evaluate shoot dry matter production, decomposition rate and macronutrient and silicon release from pigeonpea and pearl millet in monoculture and intercropping systems. A randomized block design was used with a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The first factor consisted of three cover crops (pigeonpea, pearl millet and intercropping of these cover crops) and the second consisted of six sampling times [0, 18, 32, 46, 74 and 91 days after desiccation (DAD)]. Pearl millet produced greater amounts of shoot dry matter and content of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, C and Si and had a higher decomposition rate and macronutrient and Si release than the other cover crops. The rates of decomposition and daily nutrient release from shoot dry matter were highest in the first period of evaluation (0-18 DAD). Over time, the C/N, C/P and C/S ratios increased, while C/Si and the decomposition rate decreased. Potassium was the nutrient most quickly released to the soil, especially from pearl millet residue. Silicon had the lowest release rate, with 62, 82 and 74 % of the total content in the shoot dry matter remaining in the last evaluation of pearl millet, pigeonpea and in the intercrop system, respectively. The shoot dry matter from the intercrop system had a different decomposition rate than that from the pearl millet monoculture and pigeonpea. Plants with greater shoot dry matter production and lower C/Si ratio are more effective in a no-tillage system for providing a more complete and persistent soil cover.

scholarly journals Pig slurry and nutrient accumulation and dry matter and grain yield in various crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ceretta ◽  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
Eduardo Girotto ◽  
Tadeu Luis Tiecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Santa Maria

Pig slurry (PS) represents an important nutrient source for plants and using it as fertilizer makes greater nutrient cycling in the environment possible. The aim of this study was to assess how PS application over a period of years can affect grain yield, dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in commercial grain and cover crops. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, from May 2000 to January 2008. In this period, 19 grain and cover crops were grown with PS application before sowing, at rates of 0, 20, 40 and 80 m³ ha-1. The highest PS rate led to an increase in nutrient availability over the years, notably of P, but also of nutrients that are potentially toxic to plants, especially Cu and Zn. The apparent recovery of nutrients by commercial grain and cover crops decreased with the increasing number of PS applications to the soil. Accumulated dry matter production of the crops and maize grain yield were highest at an annual application rate of 80 m³ ha-1 PS. However, common bean yield increased up to 20 m³ ha-1 PS, showing that the crop to be grown should be considered to define the application rate.

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