Morphology and agronomic performance of white clover with increased flowering and condensed tannin concentration

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. T. Burggraaf ◽  
S. L. Woodward ◽  
D. R. Woodfield ◽  
E. R. Thom ◽  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Tannin Concentration

Agronomic evaluation of white clover selected for increased floral condensed tannin

2003 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
V.T. Burggraaf ◽  
P.D. Kemp ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
D.R. Woodfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
First Year ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Agronomic Evaluation ◽  
Point Density

The agronomic performance of an experimental white clover (HT) selection bred for increased floral condensed tannin (CT) production and extended flowering season was compared with Grasslands Huia white clover, under dairy cow grazing in the Waikato. Pure clover swards were sown at 5 kg/ha in autumn 2001. Seedling establishment was better in HT than Huia, but stolon growing point densities from January 2002 to May 2003 were 13 to 62% greater in Huia than HT. Huia swards had higher clover contents than HT, and produced 0.8 t/ha more DM (dry matter) in the first year. CT concentr ations in the flower heads varied over the season, but were similar in the two clovers (1 to 8% of DM). Higher flower densities in HT resulted in higher clover CT concentrations (peak of 0.6 vs 1.2 % of DM for Huia and HT, r espectively). Further testing is required to determine any effects of HT on animal performance. Keywords: condensed tannins, flowering, growing point density, Trifolium repens, white clover

Condensed Tannin Concentration of Rhizomatous and Nonrhizomatous Birdsfoot Trefoil in Grazed Mixtures and Monocultures

Crop Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Wen ◽  
C. A. Roberts ◽  
J. E. Williams ◽  
R. L. Kallenbach ◽  
P. R. Beuselinck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Tannin Concentration

THE ROLE OF CONDENSED TANNINS IN THE DIGESTION OF FRESH Lotus pedunculatus BY SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. BARRY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Growth Hormone ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Ruminal Digestion

Relative to non-tannin-containing fresh forages, condensed tannins in Lotus pedunculatus increased duodenal N flow and calculated absorption of amino acids from the small intestine, but depressed ruminal digestion of soluble carbohydrate and hemicellulose. Plasma growth hormone concentration was positively and linearly related to forage condensed tannin concentration. Key words: Condensed tannin, nitrogen digestion, growth hormone

scholarly journals Improving environmental benefits of white clover through condensed tannin expression

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Derek R. Woodfield ◽  
Marissa B. Roldan ◽  
Christine R. Voisey ◽  
Greig R. Cousins ◽  
John R. Caradus
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
N Losses

Forage legumes improve both the intake and quality of the diet in pasture-based livestock systems. However, the high protein content of these forages can lead to inefficient nitrogen utilisation in the rumen and to high nitrogen (N) losses in urine and dung. Condensed tannins in forages have been shown to significantly reduce N leaching and also methane emissions. The use of classical breeding approaches over more than 50 years has failed to elevate condensed tannins in forage legumes. However, molecular biology approaches have achieved condensed tannin expression in white clover at levels that are biologically significant (>2% of dry matter). Results from a field trial in the USA showed that while condensed tannin levels in white clover (Trifolium repens) were similar to those produced by birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), plants did suffer a yield penalty. Protein binding assays were conducted by incubating soluble white clover leaf CTs in a solution containing the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). The CTs in white clover leaves efficiently precipitated BSA from the supernatant at pH 6.5, and these CT-protein complexes dissociated at pH 2.5.While the use of genetically modified organisms in New Zealand is regulated, this development has the potential to improve environmental, animal health and animal productivity outcomes from grazed pasture systems.

BREEDING A WHITE CLOVER ADAPTED TO SOUTHERN LOWLAND REGIONS OF NEW ZEALAND

1985 ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

White clover populations from Europe and New Zealand together with ecotypes collected from old pastures in Southland-Otago were evaluated as spaced plants at Gore. Plants were screened for herbage production and morphological and flowering characteristics. The Southland ecotypes and North Island hill country material are adapted to active growth in spring and summer. Their dense growth habit ensures continued production of branched stolons from nodal meristems which is necessary for high clover yield and persistence under intensive sheep grazing. In this region flowering characteristics are unimportant in relation to agronomic performance. Some largerleaved Huia and French lines have high-yielding features which are evident during autumn under lenient grazing. Hybrids between superior plants showing adaptive and high yie!ding features are being screened in order to select new types with the desired characteristics. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens L., plant breeding, southern region, ecotypes, growth, morphology.

THE INHERITANCE OF CONDENSED TANNIN CONCENTRATION IN LENTIL

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. VAILLANCOURT ◽  
A. E. SLINKARD ◽  
R. D. REICHERT
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Method Selection ◽  
Tannin Concentration ◽  
Selection For

In lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) condensed tannins are responsible for seed coat darkening during storage and the associated reduction in crop quality. The vanillin-HCl method was used to measure tannin concentration. Tannins were present only in the seed coat. Tannin concentration in the seed coat of 87 lines from the USDA World Lentil Collection ranged from 35 to 93 g kg−1 and averaged 63.3 g kg−1. The zero-tannin trait of PI 345635 lentil was controlled by a single recessive gene (tan tan) that had pleiotropic effects on plant pigmentation and seed coat thickness. Heritability of tannin concentration among lines containing tannin was 66.4 ± 4.4%, based on the components of variance method. Selection for lower or higher tannin concentration in lentil should be effective.Key words: Lentil, tannin, tannin genetics, proanthocyanidin, Lens culinaris

scholarly journals Exploiting Compositionally Similar Grape Marc Samples to Achieve Gradients of Condensed Tannin and Fatty Acids for Modulating In Vitro Methanogenesis

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1793
Author(s):  
Josh Hixson ◽  
Zoey Durmic ◽  
Joy Vadhanabhuti ◽  
Philip Vercoe ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Tannin Concentration

Ruminants produce large amounts of the greenhouse gas, methane, which can be reduced by supplementing feed with products that contain anti-methanogenic compounds, such as the solid winemaking by-product, grape marc. The aim of this study was to exploit compositional differences in grape marc to better understand the roles of condensed tannin and fatty acids in altering methanogenesis in a ruminant system. Grape marc samples varying in tannin extractability, tannin size and subunit composition, and fatty acid or tannin concentrations were selected and incubated in rumen fluid using an in vitro batch fermentation approach with a concentrate-based control. Four distinct experiments were designed to investigate the effects on overall fermentation and methane production. Generally, fatty acid concentration in grape marc was associated with decreased total gas volumes and volatile fatty acid concentration, whereas increased condensed tannin concentration tended to decrease methane percentage. Smaller, extractable tannin was more effective at reducing methane production, without decreasing overall gas production. In conclusion, fatty acids and tannin concentration, and tannin structure in grape marc play a significant role in the anti-methanogenic effect of this by-product when studied in vitro. These results should be considered when developing strategies to reduce methane in ruminants by feeding grape marc.

scholarly journals The effect of condensed tannins on the site of digestion of amino acids and other nutrients in sheep fed on Lotus corniculatus L

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
A. John ◽  
M. T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Tannin Concentration

1. Sheep were used to evaluate the nutritional consequences of a low condensed-tannin concentration (22 g/kg dry matter (DM)) in lotus (Lotus corniculatus L.) (control group) compared with lotus given to sheep receiving intraruminal polyethylene glycol (PEG) infusion (PEG group). PEG selectively binds to tannins and prevents tannins from binding proteins.2. DM intakes (1430 (SE 28) g/d) and digestibility of energy (663 (SE 4.5) kJ/MJ intake) were similar for both groups but the apparent digestion of nitrogen was lower in the control sheep (0.70) than in the PEG sheep (0.78; P < 0.001).3. The proportion of N apparently digested before the abomasum (i.e. in the rumen) was lower (P < 0.05) in control sheep (0.12) than in PEG sheep (0.21; P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0.001) in control sheep than in PEG sheep. The proportion of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) digested in the rumen was similar for both groups (0.48 (SE 0.012)) but less energy was digested in the rumen of the control (0.42) than of the PEG sheep (0.47; P < 0.05).4. The flux of essential amino acids (EAA) through the abomasum of control sheep was 50% greater than that in PEG sheep; flux of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) was 14% higher in control than in PEG sheep. Apparent digestibility of EAA in the small intestine was similar for both treatments (0.67), but NEAA were less well digested in the control (0.55) than in the PEG sheep (0.69).5. The presence of tannins in the control group increased net apparent absorption of threonine (57%), valine (89%), isoleucine (94%), leucine (30%), tyrosine (41%), phenylalanine (93%), histidine (90%) and lysine (59%), and reduced NEAA absorption by 10%, compared with PEG sheep.

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