Energy contents in benthic and planktonic invertebrates of Kosterfjorden, Sweden. A comparison of energetic strategies in marine organism groups

Ophelia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrika Norrbin ◽  
Ulf Båmstedt
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organism

Therapeutic Perspectives of Food Bioactive Peptides: A Mini Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 664-675
Author(s):  
Sulochana Priya
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Immunity ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Diverse Origin

Bioactive peptides are short chain of amino acids (usually 2-20) that are linked by amide bond in a specific sequence which have some biological effects in animals or humans. These can be of diverse origin like plant, animal, fish, microbe, marine organism or even synthetic. They are successfully used in the management of many diseases. In recent years increased attention has been raised for its effects and mechanism of action in various disease conditions like cancer, immunity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, diabetes, microbial infections etc. Bioactive peptides are more bioavailable and less allergenic when compared to total proteins. Food derived bioactive peptides have health benefits and its demand has increased tremendously over the past decade. This review gives a view on last two years research on potential bioactive peptides derived from food which have significant therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals OGDA: a comprehensive organelle genome database for algae

Database ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Yutong Cui ◽  
Xuli Jia ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Ruoran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organism ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Uniparental Inheritance ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Organelle Genome ◽  
Organellar Genomes ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Algae are the oldest taxa on Earth, with an evolutionary relationship that spans prokaryotes (Cyanobacteria) and eukaryotes. A long evolutionary history has led to high algal diversity. Their organelle DNAs are characterized by uniparental inheritance and a compact genome structure compared with nuclear genomes; thus, they are efficient molecular tools for the analysis of gene structure, genome structure, organelle function and evolution. However, an integrated organelle genome database for algae, which could enable users to both examine and use relevant data, has not previously been developed. Therefore, to provide an organelle genome platform for algae, we have developed a user-friendly database named Organelle Genome Database for Algae (OGDA, http://ogda.ytu.edu.cn/). OGDA contains organelle genome data either retrieved from several public databases or sequenced in our laboratory (Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organism [MOGBL]), which are continuously updated. The first release of OGDA contains 1055 plastid genomes and 755 mitochondrial genomes. Additionally, a variety of applications have been integrated into this platform to analyze the structural characteristics, collinearity and phylogeny of organellar genomes for algae. This database represents a useful tool for users, enabling the rapid retrieval and analysis of information related to organellar genomes for biological discovery.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis Isolated from a Stranded Cuvier’s Beaked Whale (Ziphius cavirostris) against Gram-Positive and -Negative Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Akihiko Suzuki ◽  
Miwa Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Nisin Z ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Cuvier’S Beaked Whale ◽  
Subtilis Subsp

In the present study, we isolated and characterized Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) subsp. lactis from a female Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) stranded in Shizuoka, Japan. Only five isolates (CBW1-5), grown on Lactobacilli de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar plates prepared using 50% artificial seawater, were positive in L. lactis species-specific primer PCR. Their 16S rRNA sequences were highly similar to those of L. lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805T. The Gram reaction, motility, gas production from glucose, catalase production, and growth conditions were consistent with those of the type strain. Additionally, carbohydrate utilization of the strains was consistent with previously reported marine organism-derived strains. The pH-neutralized cell-free culture supernatant of strain CBW2 inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis ATCC 6051 and Vibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749, whereas protease treatment eliminated or diminished its inhibitory activity. The strain possesses a precursor of the nisin structural gene (nisA), which showed 100% homology with nisin Z, and nisin biosynthesis-related genes (nisB, nisC, nisT, nisP, nisF, nisI, and nisRK), suggesting that the strain produces a nisin-like substance. This study provides fundamental information on whale-derived L. lactis subsp. lactis which may be useful for reducing the carriage of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis and V. alginolyticus.

Isolasi dan Potensi Enzim Hidrolase Bakteri Simbion Padina sp. dari Pantai Lengkuas Belitung

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Jannah ◽  
Yumna Rahmadias Hanifa ◽  
Adi Budi Utomo ◽  
Ashar Kurnia Dian Prambodo ◽  
Arina Tri Lunggani
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organism ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Sea Use ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

Marine organism is one of the riches in the ocean of Indonesia. The benefits of sea use for new products produced are widely used and have high market demand. Enzymes that have marine interests have unique properties and have good benefits for industry. This study aims to isolate the bacteria that have symbionts with Padina sp and determine the potential of the enzyme hydrolase produced by these bacteria. Isolation is done by the spread plate method. Pure isolates obtained were then tested for the potential of the enzyme hydrolase on selective media. Clear zone measurements are performed to determine which bacterial isolates are good for enzyme production. The results obtained by 6 isolates of pure bacteria, all of which include Gram negative bacteria that form bacilli. All isolates had the ability to produce different Protease, Lipase, Amylase and Cellulase enzymes. The enzymes obtained from these symbiotic bacteria are expected to be used for industrial-scale production in Indonesia. In addition, the presence of this symbiont bacteria is able to reduce the level of exploitation of Padina sp and contribute to preserving the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Stabilizing selection on individual pattern elements of aposematic signals

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1861) ◽  
pp. 20170926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Winters ◽  
Naomi F. Green ◽  
Nerida G. Wilson ◽  
Martin J. How ◽  
Mary J. Garson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Warning Signals ◽  
Fish Predator ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Aposematic Signals ◽  
Behavioural Experiments

Warning signal variation is ubiquitous but paradoxical: low variability should aid recognition and learning by predators. However, spatial variability in the direction and strength of selection for individual elements of the warning signal may allow phenotypic variation for some components, but not others. Variation in selection may occur if predators only learn particular colour pattern components rather than the entire signal. Here, we used a nudibranch mollusc, Goniobranchus splendidus , which exhibits a conspicuous red spot/white body/yellow rim colour pattern, to test this hypothesis. We first demonstrated that secondary metabolites stored within the nudibranch were unpalatable to a marine organism. Using pattern analysis, we demonstrated that the yellow rim remained invariable within and between populations; however, red spots varied significantly in both colour and pattern. In behavioural experiments, a potential fish predator, Rhinecanthus aculeatus , used the presence of the yellow rims to recognize and avoid warning signals. Yellow rims remained stable in the presence of high genetic divergence among populations. We therefore suggest that how predators learn warning signals may cause stabilizing selection on individual colour pattern elements, and will thus have important implications on the evolution of warning signals.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND PREDICTION ON HEAVY METALS POLLUTION LEVEL (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni) IN SEDIMENT IN BANGKA ISLAND WATERS USING LOAD POLLUTION INDEX AND GEOACCUMULATION INDEX

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fasmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Guideline Values

<p>Bangka Island is rich in natural resources particularly tin minerals. The increasing of tin mining has elevated various wastes such as tailings, oil, and fuel coming from the sand scraper tin boat. These wastes containing toxic heavy metals may harmful to marine organism. Measurement of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni were carried out in September 2010. The purpose of this research was to predict the pollution degree of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni in sediment using two different methods namely geoaccumulation index (I_geo) and pollution load index (PLI). The samples of sediments were collected at 20 stations using Gravity Core. The content of heavy metals in all samples was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer with a mixture of air and acetylene flame. The results showed that there was a different of prediction on sediment pollution level between Load Pollution Index with Geoaccumulation Index. According to Load Pollution Index, sediments in this waters were not polluted by Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Ni (PLI&lt;1). Based on Geoaccumulation Index, sediment were also not polluted by Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ni (Igeo&lt;0). While for Cd, sediments divided into three categories, namely not polluted (Igeo&lt;0), light polluted (0&lt;Igeo&lt;1), and medium pollued (1&lt;Igeo&lt;2).  The concentration of the heavy metals still lower than that sediment quality guideline values.</p> <p>Keywords: Bangka Island, heavy metals, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index.</p>

scholarly journals Lobster Fishery Connectivity and Management in Indonesia Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waluyo Waluyo ◽  
Taslim Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Biophysical Modeling ◽  
The Individual

The distribution of lobsters in Indonesia waters is very wide, even lobster species in Indonesia are also scattered in the tropical waters of the western Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Africa to Japanese waters.Indonesia waters are divided into 11 (eleven) Fishery Management Zone (FMZ). Lobsters in Indonesia may come from various water areas, both national and regional waters zone, it’s called the sink population, its spread is influenced by the movement of the current. Lobster seed is nurtured by nature through oceancurrents from Australia, East Indonesia, Japan, then back to Australia. Lobsters have a complex life cycle,where adult lobsters inhabit coral reefs as a place to lay eggs, then hatch into planktonic larvae, and grow up in open seas and carry out diurnal and ontogenetic vertical migrations before returning to nurseries in shallow coastal areas and reefs. coral, as well as habitat by the type of species. Literature research had used at leasttwo methodologies to estimate the distribution and connection sensitivity matrices of marine organism larvae.The two most common approaches are using genetic markers and numerical biophysical modeling. Thus, this research uses molecular genetic techniques to explain the genetic structure of lobster populations using a biophysical model approach that can explain the genetic structure of lobsters, as well as the distribution base on regional oceanographic synthesis data and lobster biology known in Indonesia waters. This model has four components, namely: 1) a benthic module based on a Geographical Information System (GIS) which is a lobster habitat in the spawning and recruitment process, 2) a physical oceanography module containing daily velocity in the form of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model, 3) a larva biology module that describes larval life history characteristics, and 4) a Lagrangian Stochastic module that tracks the individual trajectories of larvae.

scholarly journals Strategies for Managing Marine Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Kate Glidden ◽  
Laurel C. Field ◽  
Silke Bachhuber ◽  
Shannon M. Hennessey ◽  
Robyn Cates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Wildlife Disease ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Marine Wildlife

The incidence of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) has increased in wildlife populations in recent years and is expected to continue to increase with global change. Marine diseases in particular are relatively understudied compared to terrestrial disease, but they can disrupt ecosystem resilience, cause economic loss, or threaten human health. While there are many existing tools to combat the direct and indirect consequences of EIDs, these management strategies are often insufficient or ineffective in marine habitats compared to their terrestrial counterparts, often due to fundamental differences in marine and terrestrial systems. Here, we first illustrate how the marine environment and marine organism life history present challenges or opportunities for wildlife disease management. We then assess the application of common disease management strategies to marine versus terrestrial systems to identify those that may be most effective for marine disease outbreak prevention, response, and recovery. Finally, we recommend multiple actions that will enable more successful management of marine wildlife disease emergencies in the future. These include prioritizing marine disease research and understanding its links to climate change, preventatively increasing marine ecosystem health, forming better monitoring and response networks, developing marine veterinary medicine programs, and enacting policy that addresses marine and other wildlife disease. Overall, we encourage a more proactive rather than reactive approach to marine conservation in general and to marine wildlife disease in particular and emphasize that multi-disciplinary collaborations are key to managing marine wildlife health.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF BENTHIC COMMUNITIES FROM ORTHO-MOSAIC MAPS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W10 ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Pavoni ◽  
M. Corsini ◽  
M. Callieri ◽  
M. Palma ◽  
R. Scopigno
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Marine Organism ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Visual Sampling ◽  
Organism Identification

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Visual sampling techniques represent a valuable resource for a rapid, non-invasive data acquisition for underwater monitoring purposes. Long-term monitoring projects usually requires the collection of large quantities of data, and the visual analysis of a human expert operator remains, in this context, a very time consuming task. It has been estimated that only the 1-2% of the acquired images are later analyzed by scientists (Beijbom et al., 2012). Strategies for the automatic recognition of benthic communities are required to effectively exploit all the information contained in visual data. Supervised learning methods, the most promising classification techniques in this field, are commonly affected by two recurring issues: the wide diversity of marine organism, and the small amount of labeled data.</p><p> In this work, we discuss the advantages offered by the use of annotated high resolution ortho-mosaics of seabed to classify and segment the investigated specimens, and we suggest several strategies to obtain a considerable per-pixel classification performance although the use of a reduced training dataset composed by a single ortho-mosaic. The proposed methodology can be applied to a large number of different species, making the procedure of marine organism identification an highly adaptable task.</p>

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