Revisiting the role of cognition and teachers in cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes

: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious cause of disability and death among young and adult individuals, displaying complex pathophysiology including cellular and molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. Many experimental and clinical studies investigated the potential relationship between TBI and the process by which neurons are formed in the brain, known as neurogenesis. Currently, there are no available treatments for TBI’s long-term consequences being the search for novel therapeutic targets, a goal of highest scientific and clinical priority. Some studies evaluated the benefits of treatments aimed at improving neurogenesis in TBI. In this scenario, herein, we reviewed current pre-clinical studies that evaluated different approaches to improving neurogenesis after TBI while achieving better cognitive outcomes, which may consist in interesting approaches for future treatments.

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What is the role of ADHD symptoms in obesity affecting cognitive outcomes?

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2015.06.013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Rongwang Yang ◽

Weijia Gao ◽

Rong Li ◽

Zhengyan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Adhd Symptoms

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The Impact of the earlySTEM Program on Teacher and Student Outcomes: The Role of Teachers’ Involvement in the Program Development

International Journal of Education in Mathematics Science and Technology ◽

10.46328/ijemst.1279 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 371-405

Author(s):

Zerrin Doganca Kucuk ◽

Defne Yabas ◽

Hayriye Sinem Boyaci ◽

Mehmet Sencer Corlu

Keyword(s):

Program Development ◽

Student Outcomes ◽

Development Process ◽

National Curriculum ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Professional Outcomes ◽

Different Types ◽

The Impact ◽

Academic Year

This research aimed to investigate and compare teachers’ conceptualizations of their students’ and their own outcomes of our earlySTEM program at the K4 level in two distinct roles: practitioners only and practitioners and program developers jointly. The study group included 66 teachers, 26 of whom had actively contributed to the development of the earlySTEM program. Teachers in both roles were supported by teacher guides, student books and workshops throughout the 8-month long academic year. Data was collected at the end of the academic year through an open-ended survey. The program developer teachers identified more student outcomes under more diverse categories while the practitioner teachers mainly concentrated on cognitive outcomes and limited their conceptualizations to the national curriculum. In addition, the program developer teachers valued their involvement in the program development process and expressed more diverse professional outcomes referring to different types of teacher knowledge.

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Metabolic Syndrome, Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Diet: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020333 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 333

Author(s):

Matina Kouvari ◽

Nathan M. D’Cunha ◽

Nikolaj Travica ◽

Domenico Sergi ◽

Manja Zec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Narrative Review ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Food Groups ◽

Cardiometabolic Disorders

Background: This narrative review presents the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS), along with its components, and cognition-related disorders, as well as the potential reversal role of diet against cognitive impairment by modulating MetS. Methods: An electronic research in Medline (Pubmed) and Scopus was conducted. Results: MetS and cognitive decline share common cardiometabolic pathways as MetS components can trigger cognitive impairment. On the other side, the risk factors for both MetS and cognitive impairment can be reduced by optimizing the nutritional intake. Clinical manifestations such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and increased central body adiposity are nutrition-related risk factors present during the prodromal period before cognitive impairment. The Mediterranean dietary pattern stands among the most discussed predominantly plant-based diets in relation to cardiometabolic disorders that may prevent dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and other cognition-related disorders. In addition, accumulating evidence suggests that the consumption of specific dietary food groups as a part of the overall diet can improve cognitive outcomes, maybe due to their involvement in cardiometabolic paths. Conclusions: Early MetS detection may be helpful to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Moreover, this review highlights the importance of healthy nutritional habits to reverse such conditions and the urgency of early lifestyle interventions.

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Links Between Personality and Sleep Midpoint in Older Adults in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 35-35

Author(s):

Krishna Patel ◽

Darlynn Rojo-Wissar ◽

Katherine Duggan ◽

Garrett Hisler ◽

Brant Hasler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Social Life ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Personality Scale ◽

Sleep Timing ◽

Wrist Actigraphy

Abstract Chronotype has been linked to poor cognitive outcomes and mortality among older adults. Although previous studies indicate an association between personality and sleep, little is known about associations between personality and chronotype in older adults. We examined the association between personality and objective sleep midpoint (a measure of chronotype) in 463 older adults aged 73.5 ±7.7 from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project who completed the Midlife Developmental Inventory Personality scale and three nights of wrist actigraphy, from which we derived participants’ average sleep midpoints. After adjusting for demographics, higher conscientiousness was associated with earlier sleep midpoint (B=-0.53, SE=0.02, p<0.01). Associations for other traits were not significant. Findings link conscientiousness to chronotype and raise the possibility that earlier sleep timing may partially account for associations of conscientiousness with health outcomes. Further studies are needed investigating the role of personality in links of sleep and circadian factors with health.

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A-70 Beyond Validity: The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering in Assessing Cognitive Functioning in Veterans

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz034.70 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 930-930

Author(s):

J Clark ◽

B Zaccari ◽

S Tadrous-Furnanz ◽

D Storzbach

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Test Of Memory Malingering ◽

Memory And Attention ◽

Substance Dependent ◽

Neuropsychological Assessment Battery ◽

Iraqi Freedom

Abstract Objective The objective of the present analyses was to replicate analyses from an interim sample which found that scores on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) predicted objective cognitive outcomes in the domains of attention and verbal learning even when invalid TOMM scores were excluded. Methods Participants consisted of 92 United States Veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) enrolled at the VA Portland Health Care System and recruited for a larger study on the role of blast exposure. Veterans were included if they had a valid performance on the TOMM (Trial 2 score > 47) were not currently substance dependent. Data was analyzed through linear regressions examining raw TOMM Trial 1 scores to predict objective cognitive performance on measures of memory and attention from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB). Results In performance on the tasks of Driving Scenes (Beta = .328, p < .01), Initial Story Learning (Beta = .209, p < .05), and Attention Index Percentile (Beta = .208, p < .05) of the NAB, TOMM Trial 1 was a significant predictor. TOMM scores were also predictive of years of education (Beta = .303, p < .01). Conclusion These findings replicate results derived from interim data. TOMM Trial 1 significantly predicted objective cognitive performance in OEF/OIF Veterans even when invalid performance was excluded. This suggests that TOMM has a utility in assessing cognitive functioning and not just valid performance. Similarly, results also suggest that the TOMM may be sensitive to education as well.

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Abstract P67: Role of Genetic Variants in Predicting Cognitive Outcomes Following Small Vessel Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Wayneho Kam ◽

Larry B Goldstein ◽

Alec McConnell ◽

Hussein Al-Khalidi ◽

Ellen Bennett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Assessment ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Small Vessel ◽

Nihss Score ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Apoe Ε4 ◽

Ε4 Allele

Background: About 20% of patients with small vessel ischemic stroke (SVS) have cognitive impairment; however, the role of genetic factors in predicting cognitive outcomes following SVS has not been fully explored. APOE and ABCC9 have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease and hippocampal sclerosis respectively and play an important role in the neurovascular unit. We evaluated whether allelic variants in these genes influence cognitive outcomes following SVS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of patients enrolled in the ASA-Bugher Small Vessel Intracranial Disease Whole Genome Association Studies. Patients with SVS were categorized by APOE (presence or absence of ε4 allele) and ABCC9 SNP rs704180 (presence or absence of A allele) status. The primary outcomes were total score on the short form of the MoCA, which assesses global cognition, and time to complete Trails B, which is a measure of executive function that can be affected by stroke. Linear regression analyses were performed using the genetic exposures of interest, adjusting for age, education, sex, race/ethnicity, NIHSS score, burden of white matter disease (WMD; using the CHS validated score 0-9), and time between stroke and the cognitive assessment. Results: The sample included 145 patients who had SVS and available APOE and ABCC9 data. Among this cohort, 51.4% were men and 27.6% African American. The median age of the study participants was 63.4 years, the median years of education was 12, the median NIHSS was 2, and the median WMD burden score was 2. The mean time between stroke and the cognitive assessment was 75 days. The APOE ε4 allele was present in 35.0% and ABCC9 A allele in 74.8%. The presence of APOE ε4 allele was not associated with post-stroke MoCA scores (p=0.31) or Trails B (p=0.86). ABCC9 A allele was also not associated with post-stroke MoCA scores (p=0.34) or Trails B (p=0.31). Older age, higher NIHSS score, and greater burden of WMD were independently associated with longer times to complete Trails B (p<0.0001), but not with the MoCA score. Conclusion: Following SVS, several patient characteristics, including age, stroke severity, and WMD burden, rather than their APOE and ABCC9 allelic statuses, were associated with post-stroke measures of executive function.

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Status Epilepticus: A Review, With Emphasis on Refractory Cases

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100013160 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 157-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Gary Hunter ◽

G. Bryan Young

Keyword(s):

Status Epilepticus ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Clinical Presentations ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Poor Outcomes

Status epilepticus is among the most dramatic of clinical presentations encountered by emergency room physicians, neurologists, neurosurgeons and intensivists. While progress in its management has been aided significantly with an increasing number of effective treatment options, improved diagnostic methods and more effective monitoring, poor outcomes and diagnostic failures are still frequently encountered. Refractory cases still carry significant morbidity and mortality rates, including poor cognitive outcomes. This review discusses basic pathophysiology and management of status epilepticus, neuroimaging findings, the role of continuous electroencephalogram monitoring and nonconvulsive status epilepticusas well as recent developments in treatment options for refractory cases.

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The Role of Premorbid Psychiatric History and Current Mood Ratings on Self-Reported Concussion Symptom Severity

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz026.45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 775-775

Author(s):

C Presley ◽

T Tarkenton ◽

T Meredith-Duliba ◽

T Sabo ◽

S Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Symptom Severity ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Psychiatric History ◽

General Anxiety Disorder ◽

The North ◽

Severity Scores ◽

Current Mood

Abstract Purpose Psychiatric history is known to be relevant to concussion outcomes, although less is known about the role of such factors or current mood ratings in adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess the role of premorbid psychiatric history (PPH) and current mood ratings (CMR) on overall sports-related concussion (SRC) symptomology and cognitive outcomes in adolescent and young adult athletes. Methods Participants age 12–25 years (M=14.8) diagnosed with SRC (n=560) were evaluated within 14 days of injury as part of the North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 Items (PHQ-8), General Anxiety Disorder-7 Item Scale (GAD-7), and ImPACT. Subjects were dichotomized into those with (PPH+) and without (PPH-) pre-existing reported psychiatric diagnoses, and CMR groups were determined by normal vs. elevated scores on the GAD-7 and PHQ-8. T-tests were used to compare groups. Results Significant differences in total symptom severity scores were found between both PPH (p=.01) and CMR (p<.001) groupings. PPH+ (n=27) reported significantly higher symptom scores (M=31.6) than PPH- subjects (n=316, M=20.9). Additionally, those reporting elevated CMR endorsed 2.3x higher symptom severity scores (n=48, M=42.1 vs. n=276, M=18.2). Among ImPACT cognitive scores, only Visual Memory differed between CMR groups (p=.047). Conclusion Findings suggest that PPH and elevated CMR are associated with greater self-reported symptom severity in adolescent SRC, but have little relationship to cognitive outcomes as assessed by ImPACT. Further research is needed to understand the interaction between PPH, CMR, and SRC recovery across the age spectrum.

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