Use of conventional and innovative organic materials as alternatives to black plastic mulch to suppress weeds in tomato production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Rouzbeh Zangoueinejad ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Black Plastic

scholarly journals Effects of Mulch Type and Planting Date on Tomato Earliness within a High Tunnel

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 867A-867
Author(s):  
Lewis Jett* ◽  
Andrew Read
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
High Tunnel ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
High Tunnels ◽  
Clear Plastic ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions

High tunnels are passive solar greenhouses that are used to extend the traditional growing season for many horticulture crops. Growing conditions within a high tunnel are significantly different from growing conditions encountered in field production. Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are wells suited for high tunnel culture having an upright growth habit and a significant economic premium for precocious harvest. The objective of this research was to investigate three planting dates (15 Mar., 30 Mar., and 10 Apr.) and three mulch types (black plastic, bareground, and clear plastic) with or without row covers, for early tomato production within a high tunnel in the Central Great Plains. High tunnels increased the average daily temperature by ≈6 °C. Early planting (i.e., mid- to late March) resulted in significantly earlier yield (i.e., early July). Using clear plastic mulch increased total marketable yield, but was not significantly different from black plastic. Row covers and plastic mulch are necessary for early tomato production. Row covers are specifically necessary for frost protection, but can be removed when the risk of frost has decreased.

scholarly journals Heirloom Tomato Production in Conventional and Transitional-organic Managed Systems

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1034-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Francis ◽  
C. Robert Stark,
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Demand for heirloom tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and organically grown produce is increasing. The objective of this research was to compare heirloom tomato production in conventional (CS) and organic-transitional (OS) production systems. Heirloom cultivars Arkansas Traveler–the original, Cherokee Purple, Kentucky Beefsteak, Manulucie, and Persimmon Orange were grown in 2007 and 2008 on a raised bed, microirrigated, black plastic mulch culture in a split-plot design with production system as the main plot. Inorganic fertilizer at 160N–13P–50K kg·ha−1 [NH4NO3, Ca(H2PO4)2, KCl] or poultry litter (PL) at 5600 kg·ha−1 was applied in March and soil-incorporated. Transplanting occurred on 12 Apr. 2007 and 22 Apr. 2008. PL supplied 194N–133P–183K and 145N–83P–171K kg·ha−1 potential in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Overall, there were no system effects on total marketable fruit weight, marketable fruit numbers, average fruit weights, total cull weights, or percent marketable yields. Marketable yields averaged across systems ranged from 8,457 to 13,550 kg·ha−1 in 2007 and 1,224 to 5,974 kg·ha−1 in 2008. Weather-delayed transplanting followed by wet and cloudy weather in April and May and greater incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were suspected for lower yields in 2008. Petiole sap nitrate-N of whole plot treatments were considered within sufficiency levels for both systems when checked at pre- and early harvest. Soil pH of the CS dropped from 7.2 to 5.6 after two seasons but did not change in the OS. Organic production of heirloom tomatoes using PL yielded equivalently to conventional culture for 2 years after transition from conventional management.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Tomato on Plastic Film Mulches as Affected byTomato Spotted Wilt Virus

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Díaz-Pérez ◽  
K. Dean Batal ◽  
Darbie Granberry ◽  
Denne Bertrand ◽  
David Giddings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a serious constraint to tomato production worldwide. Losses are significant because the disease is difficult to control and most of the commercially available tomato cultivars are susceptible to TSWV. This study was intended to provide information that could be used to design more appropriate disease management strategies. The objective was to determine the relationship of tomato plant growth and fruit yield with the time of TSWV symptom appearance. Experiments were carried out during Spring 1999 and 2000, using drip irrigation and plastic film mulched beds with black plastic mulch alone (1999) or different colored mulches (2000). The mulches used were black, black-on-silver, gray-on-black, red, silver-on-black, silver (painted) and white-on-black, and bare soil. The 1999 experiment included a single TSWV-susceptible cultivar (Florida-47), while the 2000-experiment included two TSWV-susceptible (Florida-91 and Sun Chaser) and one TSWV-resistant cultivars (BHN-444). Colored mulches and tomato cultivars affected the time between transplanting and appearance of first symptoms of TSWV. For all tomato cultivars, vegetative top fresh weight (FW), fruit number and total fruit yield increased linearly with the time the plants remained free from TSWV symptoms. Marketable fruit yield also increased as the time from transplanting to the first appearance of symptoms increased. When data for cultivars were pooled, vegetative top FW and total fruit yield were reduced by 2.1% and 2.3%, respectively, for each day prior to harvesting that plants showed TSWV symptoms.

Rowcover and Black Plastic Mulch Effects on Tomato Production

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim G. Rubeiz ◽  
Marlene M. Freiwat
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Black Plastic

Swine Effluent for Tomato in a Plasticulture Production System

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 524a-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Cushman ◽  
Thomas Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Swine Effluent ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Source Number

Tomato was grown in Fall 1997 with swine effluent or commercial soluble fertilizer in a plasticulture production system. Four cultivars, `Mountain Delight', `Celebrity', `Equinox', and `Sunbeam', were transplanted to raised beds with plastic mulch and drip irrigation. Preplant fertilizer was not applied. Effluent from the Wiley L. Bean Swine Demonstration Unit's secondary lagoon was filtered through in-line screen filters and applied directly to the plants through the irrigation system. Toward the end of each application, sodium hypochlorite was injected in the line to achieve a free chlorine concentration of ≈1%. Clogging of filters or drip emitters did not occur. Control plants received 100 ppm N from soluble fertilizer injected in irrigation lines supplied by a municipal water source. Number and weight of tomatoes from plants receiving swine effluent were equal to that of plants receiving soluble fertilizer. No differences in fruit quality were evident between treatments. Plant dry weight was also equal for three out of four cultivars. No differences in soil characteristics were detected between treatments after the study. Chemical analysis of the effluent showed a pH of 7.8 and nutrient concentrations of ≈110 ppm NH4-N, 57 ppm P2O5, 150 ppm K2O, and trace amounts of Cu and Zn. Though no differences in yield were detected in this study, the effluent's high pH and high NH4-N content need to be managed more closely for commercial tomato production.

Effect of Irrigation Methods and Mulching on Growth and Seed Yield of Semialata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SK SRIVASTAVA ◽  
PAWAN JEET
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Black Plastic

A study was conducted to assess the effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on growth and seed yield of Semialata. Two types of plastic mulch (green and silver/black) were tested at three levels of irrigation (120%, 100% and 80%) by drip irrigation and one level (100%) by furrow irrigation. The daily water requirement of Semialata was estimated by the equation ETcrop= ETox crop factor. ETcrop is crop water requirement mm/day. ETo (reference evapotranspiration, mm/day) was calculated by FAO calculator which uses temperature and humidity data. In this experiments there were twelve treatments were considered. The treatments were replicated thrice. The experiment was laid in randomized block design. It was observed that drip irrigation with or without plastic mulch is yielding better results in terms of growth parameters and seed yield as compared to furrow irrigation without plastic mulch. It was also observed that maximum suppression (67.58%) of weeds resulted with drip irrigation and silver/black plastic mulch at 80% level of irrigation.

scholarly journals Fertilization and Colors of Plastic Mulch Affect Biomass and Essential Oil of Sweet-Scented Geranium

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson de Carvalho Silva ◽  
Arie Fitzgerald Blank ◽  
Wallace Melo dos Santos ◽  
Paloma Santana Prata ◽  
Péricles Barreto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Soap Perfume

Sweet-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolensL’Hér), a plant belonging to the Geraniaceae family, has medicinal and aromatic properties and is widely used in the cosmetic, soap, perfume, aromatherapy, and food industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization and the use of different colors of plastic mulch on sweet-scented geranium biomass and essential oil. Three colors of plastic mulch (black, white, and silver-colored) and a control without plastic mulch were assessed along with three fertilizers (20,000 L·ha−1of cattle manure; 1,000 kg·ha−1of NPK 3-12-6; and 20,000 L·ha−1of cattle manure + 1,000 kg·ha−1of NPK 3-12-6 fertilizer) and a control without fertilizer. The absence of a soil cover negatively influenced the agronomical variables, while coverage with plastic mulch was associated with increased biomass. The use of fertilizer had no effect on the evaluated agronomic variables. When cattle manure and NPK 3-12-6 were used together, combined with white or black plastic mulch, the highest yields of essential oil were obtained. For the silver-colored plastic mulch, higher amounts of essential oil (6,9-guaiadien) were obtained with mineral fertilizer.

PENGARUH JENIS MULSA DAN PUPUK GANDASIL-B TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI RAWIT (Capsium frustescens L.) PADA TANAH GAMBUT PEDALAMAN (The Effect of Mulch Type and Gandasil-B Fertilizer on The Growth and Yield of Chili Pepper (Capsicum fr

AgriPeat ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Admin Journal
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Black Plastic

                                                                                                                                       ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to investigate the effect of mulch type and gandasil-B fertilizer on the growth and yield of chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) on inland peat soil. The method used in this research was two-factor Randomized Block Design with split plot arrangement and three replications. The main plot was the mulch type which consists of three treatments, namely: control, cogon grass and silver-black plastic mulch, and as sub plot was the dose of gandasil-B which consists of four 4 levels, namely: 0, 1, 2, and 3 g L-1 water. Results showed that the interaction between different types of mulch and gandasil-B fertilizer only had significant effect on the diameter of the stem, the number of productive branch, the number of fruit per plant, and the weight of fruit per plant. The utilization of silver-black plastic mulch and gandasil- B fertilizer at the concentration of 3 g L-1 water showed more number of productive branch (14.00 branches) and number of fruit (151.17 fruits) per plant and the weight of fruit (166.52 g) per plant was significantly higher.Keywords : Mulch, cogon grass, silver-black plastic, Gandasil-B, inland peat soil                                                                                                                                       ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis mulsa dan pupuk gandasil-B terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai rawit (Capsicum fruestescens L.) pada tanah gambut pedalaman. Percobaan ini menggunaakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) disusun secara split plot dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu jenis mulsa terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu : kontrol, mulsa alang-alang dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Sebagai anak petak adalah dosis pupuk Gandasil-B terdiri dari 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu : 0, 1, 2 dan 3 g L-1 air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi penggunaan jenis mulsa dengan pupuk gandasil-B hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter batang, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah per tanaman dan berat buah per tanaman. Penggunaan mulsa plastik hitam perak dan pupuk gandasil-B 3 g L-1 air diperoleh jumlah cabang produktif (14.00 cabang) dan jumlah buah (151.17 buah) per tanaman) nyata lebih banyak dan berat buah (166.52 g) per tanaman nyata lebih tinggi.Kata kunci : Mulsa, alang-alang, plastik hitam perak, pupuk gandasil-B, gambut pedalaman

scholarly journals Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Mulching as an Integrated Weed Management Strategy in Maize Under Rainfed Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. MEHMOOD ◽  
S.U. KHAN ◽  
A. QAYYUM ◽  
A.R. GURMANI ◽  
W. AHMED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Black Plastic

ABSTRACT: Weeds affect crop growth, health and yield by competing for resources, and they serve as refuge for insect pests. Mulches of different materials have been found to control weeds and insect pests. A field study was conducted at the village of Mang, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to explore the effect of various mulch materials on weed suppression in maize fields under rain-fed conditions in 2013. Eight mulch materials treatments were used: control (no mulching), wheat straw mulch, dry leaves of eucalyptus, rice straw mulch, grass clippings, living mulch (soybean crop), black plastic mulch and the herbicide Primextra were investigated under a randomized complete block design with four replications. Statistical analysis of data showed maximum reduction in weed density, relative weed density, fresh biomass and dry biomass in all the test species at 25, 50 and 75 days after sowing (DAS) where Primextra and black plastic mulch were used, and this was statistically similar to where rice straw and wheat straw were used. Maximum weed density, relative weed density, fresh and dry biomass of all weed species were recorded where soybean was intercropped with maize and grass clippings were used. Based on these results, it was inferred that the mulch material of eucalyptus and rice straw can effectively be used for controlling weeds in maize fields under rain-fed conditions.

scholarly journals Possibility of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) production in Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takácsné Hájos ◽  
T. Rubóczki ◽  
A. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plastic Sheet ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Fungi Infection ◽  
Black Plastic

Artificial sweeteners have harmful effect on human health, so it is great interested in stevia extract. Our experiment was aimed to show the possibility of inland production of stevia. Different plastic mulches were used (black and white) on raised bed and were compared to uncovered (control) plots for yield and state of health of plants. Furthermore we evaluated the depth of cuttings (low cutting until the 6th double leaf; normal cutting until the upper ⅓ of the plant) on the yield depending on the covering method. The plants were  transplanted on 9 of May, 2014 on raised bed, 3 rows on it, with 33x25 cm spacing. According to our results, the black plastic mulch produced the highest yield, which can be explained by suppressing effect on weeds, furthermore it kept the soil warm, moist and protected the lower leaves from soil wetness. But, the white sheet mulch could not eliminate weeds around the plants. The total biomass on the black plastic sheet covered plots was the highest, nearly 1000 g pro plant by low cutting. On the control plots the fungi infection reached about 25-30%, which caused leaf falling of plants, decreasing of yield by the end of vegetation period. To summarise, stevia production is possible in Hungary, but it is important to pay attention to the balanced soil moisture and low humidity in the leaf area. It is suggested to cover the soil with plastic sheet or organic materials, such as bark and chippings.

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