Predictors of General Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem in Occupational Therapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectivesSelf-stigma is associated with lower patient activation levels for self-care in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the causal pathway linking self-stigma with patient activation for self-care has not been shown. In order to determine how self-stigma affects patient activation for self-care, we tested a two-path hypothetical model both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingTwo university hospitals, one general hospital and one clinic in Japan.ParticipantsT2DM outpatients receiving treatment (n=209) completed a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Self-Stigma Scale, Patient Activation Measure, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, haemoglobin A1c test, age, sex and body mass index.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-stigma levels were measured by using the Self-Stigma Scale. Patient activation levels were measured by the Patient Activation Measure.ResultsPath analysis showed a strong relationship between self-stigma and patient activation (χ2=27.55, p=0.120; goodness-of-fit index=0.97; adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.94; comparative fit index=0.98; root mean square error of approximation=0.04). Self-stigma had a direct effect on patient activation (β=−0.20; p=0.002). Indirectly, self-stigma affected patient activation along two paths (β=0.31; p<0.001) by reducing self-esteem (β=−0.22; p<0.001) and self-efficacy (β=−0.36; p<0.001).ConclusionsDue to the cross-sectional design of the study, longitudinal changes between all the variables cannot be established. However, the findings indicate that self-stigma affected patient activation for self-care, both directly and as mediated by self-esteem and self-efficacy. Interventions that increase self-esteem and self-efficacy may decrease self-stigma in patients with T2DM, thus increasing patient activation for self-care.

Download Full-text

Patient empowerment and general self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-018-0749-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Anita Kärner Köhler ◽

Pia Tingström ◽

Tiny Jaarsma ◽

Staffan Nilsson

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Patient Empowerment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

General Self Efficacy

Download Full-text

Autoeficacia y resiliencia: diferencias entre deportistas practicantes de fitness/culturismo y no deportistas (Self-efficacy and resilience: differences between fitness/bodybuilding athletes and non-athletes)

Retos ◽

10.47197/retos.v44i0.88937 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 232-241

Author(s):

María Teresa Ortiz Romero ◽

María Garrido Guzmán ◽

Carolina Castañeda Vázquez

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Sport Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sports Psychology ◽

Sports Performance ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

General Self Efficacy

El estudio de la autoeficacia y la resiliencia favorece en el deportista el desarrollo de la fuerza mental, el control y mejora el rendimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el grado de autoeficacia y el nivel de resiliencia de deportistas de culturismo, fitness y en sujetos no entrenados. Se comprobaron las diferencias en las variables autoeficacia y resiliencia en función del sexo, la práctica deportiva de fitness o culturismo, o la ausencia de ésta. Participaron 179 personas de entre 18 y 69 años (51,4% hombres y 48,6% mujeres; 58,1% culturistas o practicantes de fitness y 41,9% no hacían ningún tipo de práctica deportiva). Se usó la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Baessler y Schwarzer (1996) para medir la autoeficacia y la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC10) para medir la resiliencia. Los resultados indicaron que, aunque los hombres presentaron un perfil más resiliente que las mujeres, fueron las personas que no realizaban práctica deportiva quienes mayormente reunían dicho rasgo, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas en este aspecto. Los resultados mostraron mejores percepciones de autoeficacia en culturistas y practicantes de fitness, así como de autoeficacia en los hombres sobre las mujeres. Se demostró la variabilidad de la resiliencia y sus dimensiones en función del deporte practicado, mostrándose los factores resilientes más débiles y que deberían ser desarrollados para mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en situaciones adversas. Abstract. The study of self-efficacy and resilience is a challenge for sports psychology, favoring in the athlete the development of mental strength, control and improvement of performance. The objective of this research is to analyze the degree of self-efficacy and the level of resilience of the subjects. It is verified if there are significant differences in these variables, depending on sex, sports practice of fitness or bodybuilding and the absence of practice. This descriptive and cross-sectional study carry out using a sample of 179 people residing in Spain, between 18 and 69 years old (51.4% are men and 48.6% women; 58,1% bodybuilders or fitness people and 41,9% didn’t do any type of sports practice). The Baessler and Schwarzer (1996) General Self-Efficacy Scale is used to measure self-efficacy and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) to measure resilience. The results obtained show, according to sex, that men present higher values in resilience and self-efficacy than women and, according to sport activity, that bodybuilders and fitness practitioners present better perceptions of self-efficacy, although not of resilience, than those who don´t do any sport. In conclusion, the variability of resilience and its dimensions depending on the sport practiced is demonstrated, showing the weakest resilient factors that should be developed to improve sports performance in adverse situations.

Download Full-text

Relationship between perceived stress, general self-efficacy and socio-demographic factors of an undergraduate student population in Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of KIU ◽

10.37966/ijkiu20200124 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-23

Author(s):

L. H. Walpola ◽

P. J. Wijekumar ◽

S. S. Wadduwage ◽

N. D. K. Ranadeva ◽

S. Chakrewarthy

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

General Self Efficacy

Nearly 80% of students in higher education worldwide experience psychological stress during their university life due to various stressors. Stress among students can be viewed as the body’s reaction, both neurologically and physiologically, to adapt to new conditions. Stress can lead to poor academic performance and underachievement among students. The present study assessed the levels of perceived stress, general self-efficacy, and their association with socio-demographic factors among a selected group of undergraduates at a higher educational institute. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using stratified random sampling among 393 undergraduates. The data were collected through the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) and a questionnaire to determine the socio-demographic factors. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The mean age of the sample (n=393) was 22.36±2.33 years. The results showed a mean perceived stress score of 20.72±4.96, indicating moderate perceived stress. The majority of the participants (79.4%) had moderate perceived stress, followed by high stress (12.7%) and low stress (7.4%). There was no significant difference between the stress levels of male and female students. No significant association was observed between perceived stress and socio-demographic factors assessed (age, gender, civil status, residence status, financial status, the program of study, employment prospects) using the chi-squared test. Spearman correlation showed a statistically significant negative correlation between perceived stress levels and general self-efficacy (p<0.001, r = -0.293). Intervention strategies to reduce perceived stress and to improve general self-efficacy should be implemented among the undergraduates. Further studies are needed to understand the factors contributing to stress and their interrelations among undergraduate students. Keywords: Perceived stress, General self-efficacy, Higher education

Download Full-text

The Correlation of Self-efficacy and Social Support with Social Participation: A Cross Sectional Study among the Elderly

Journal of Medicine and Life ◽

10.25122/jml-2019-0010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 239-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nasrin Hosseingholizadeh ◽

◽

Roya Sadeghi ◽

Hassan Eftkhar Ardebili ◽

Abbas Rahimi Foroushani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Participation ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Centers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ample Evidence ◽

General Self Efficacy ◽

Living Area

There is ample evidence that a key contributor to healthy aging is social participation; thus, identifying its determinants can help to improve it. The current study aimed at assessing the relationship between social support and general self-efficacy with social participation. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 456 (male: 237, female: 219) older adults, aged 60-74 years, who were the member of community centers in Tehran, Iran, in 2016. The multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to select the participants. Primarily, Tehran was divided into five areas (i e, North, South, East, West, and Center). Then, two community centers were randomly selected from each area. Participants with the ability to perform their daily activities independently were enrolled in the study. Participants responded to four self-report questionnaires: socio-demographic, social participation, social support, and general self-efficacy. The majority of the participants were within the age range of 62–68 years with the maximum proportion of social participation (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 37.69 ± 8.34). Findings of the current study indicated that gender, education level, reading books, newspapers, or magazines (p <0.001), living area, living arrangement, and occupational status (p<0.05) were associated with social participation. Multiple linear regression adjusted for living area, sex, and educational level showed that self-efficacy (β= .08; p<.001) and social support (β= .64; p<.001) predicted social participation. Findings showed the importance of social support and self-efficacy in social participation. Also enhancing the literacy of seniors should be given priority.

Download Full-text

CORRELATION BETWEEN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS & MINDFULNESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY STUDENTS (UG OT ).

10.36106/paripex/5907146 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Rakesh. B. Shitole ◽

Hiral Thakkar

Keyword(s):

Occupational Therapy ◽

Study Design ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽

Occupational Therapy Students ◽

Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽

Therapy Result

Background- Increased responsibility and high demands of studying at medical school can also be associate with Obsessive Compulsive symptoms in general so they need to be mindful all the time to grasp knowledge and handle responsibility so that this study was to correlate and analyse mindfulness among OT UG along with their OCD symptoms. Aim-To study the correlation between obsessive compulsive symptoms & mindfulness among OT UG. Objectives - Measure the Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms & Mindfulness attention awareness among OT UG. Study Design-A cross sectional study design. Methods- Written consent from participants was taken. Paper-based version of the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (OCI) scale and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS) were used to assess Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms & Mindfulness among OT UG Occupational therapy students (I to IV year) from School of occupational therapy. Result – Occupational therapy UG students Conclusion– Decrease in Obsessive Compulsive symptoms is leading to increase in mindfulness.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with the mental health status of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043728 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e043728

Author(s):

Makiko Arima ◽

Yusuke Takamiya ◽

Atsuko Furuta ◽

Kris Siriratsivawong ◽

Shizuma Tsuchiya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Medical Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on university students, including those in medical schools, with disruption in routine education causing significant psychological distress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with psychological distress among medical students during the period of enforced home quarantine from March through May 2020.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingOne Japanese medical school.Participants571 medical students.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSelf-administered electronic questionnaires including the K-6 scale for psychological distress, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) for self-esteem and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) for self-efficacy were distributed. To assess the determinant factor for psychological distress, variables such as sex, grade in school, living conditions, and RSES and GSES scores were evaluated in regression analysis.Results163 respondents (28.5%) scored ≥5 on the K-6 scale, indicating a significant degree of psychological distress. Logistic regression revealed that a higher score on RSES (p<0.001) and GSES (p<0.01) was an independent factor associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis focusing on students with a K-6 score ≥5 revealed that higher scores on RSES correlated with lower levels of psychological distress. By contrast, those with higher GSES scores also scored higher for indicators of psychological distress.ConclusionsThis study identified that self-efficacy and self-esteem were both influential factors for predicting psychological distress during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Medical schools should provide support for mental health and educational initiatives directed at enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, with a focus on improving personal resilience. In emergency situations, such as that faced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, initial programmes might target students with higher levels of self-efficacy. By contrast, under routine situations, these efforts should be directed towards students with lower self-esteem as primary means to prevent depression.

Download Full-text