Perceived control and academic performance: A comparison of high- and low-performing children on within-person change patterns

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dara R. Musher-Eizenman ◽  
John R. Nesselroade ◽  
Bernhard Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Achieving ◽  
And Performance

Children with high expectations of control do better in school than their peers with low perceived control. This finding is based largely on cross-sectional research and longitudinal research with long time intervals. Little attention has been paid to short-term, within-child variability in this important construct. Information about intraindividual change in perceived control, behaviour, and performance is critical to determining the processes by which the link between perception and outcome is affected. In this study, short-term variability in children’s perceived control, perception of task demands, and school performance was assessed and the concurrent and lagged relationships among these variables were considered. High-achieving and low-achieving children were compared. Results of dynamic factor models suggested that both the concurrent and lagged relationships among these variables are stronger and better organised for the high-achieving children. Implications for perceived control theory are discussed.

scholarly journals Systematic Longitudinal Evaluating on boosting preschool children’s food literacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 04021
Author(s):  
Guo Tian ◽  
Liu weiwei
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Literacy Intervention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Food Literacy ◽  
Quality Assessment Study

To evaluate different methods in lifting food literacy which are applied to preschool children. Most articles are based on cross-sectional studies, an observational longitudinal design is seldom used, making it difficult to identify the true effectiveness of the methods. Thus, this article use a longitudinal method, including several online database. A systematic article based on longitudinal researches, by searching data in four electronic databases, Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier (Science Direct) and Google Scholar, setting eligibility criteria, data selection, extracting data, data synthesis and quality assessment. Study identifies 771 original data, and after the de-duplication and eligibility selection, 9 studies are included in the article. Despite the small amount of literature applied, evidences are quiet useful. In comparison of caregiver-based intervention and classroom-based intervention, the later shows more effectiveness in short-term awareness training. Also, great potential has been found in technology-based intervention. The authors recommend future studies to focus on longitudinal research, so as to assess the potential of early childhood food literacy intervention, the mechanism and methods of these studies, the duration and effectiveness in different followup time etc.

scholarly journals Achievement goals model validation: Is the 2X2 better than the Trichotomous?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Bilson Simamora ◽  
Elisabeth Vita Mutiarawati
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Students ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Approach Goals ◽  
Avoidance Goals ◽  
Mastery Approach

<span>Achievement motivation evolved fast in the educational field. In this development, the trichotomous and the 2X2 models received myriad attention from the educational specialist. However, there is a debate about which is better between the two models. This study aimed to intercede this debate and argue that the study's duration should be accounted for in the validation. Approach goals should dominate new students' achievement goals, and old students' achievement goals will show the balance of approach and avoidance goals. For these reasons, this study gathers the data from 350 new students and 203 old students. Confirmatory factor analysis reveals that the trichotomous is the best model for new student segments. While for the old student segment, the 2X2 model shows its efficacy. Therefore, for the new students' segment, achievement goals consist of mastery-approach, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals. For the old students, besides those three-goal orientations, mastery-avoidance goals are also included. As expected, the independent sample t-test shows that new students have higher mastery-approach and performance-approach goals than old students have. Self-efficacy is more influential in the new than old student segments, as shown by simple linear regression. This study is still stuck to a single cross-sectional design. Further research can utilize longitudinal research with segmental-based analysis and pay attention to gender, major, social class, or other potential moderation variables.</span>

International Real Estate Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-47
Author(s):  
Mark Hoven Stohs ◽  
◽  
Yun W. Park ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Property Tax ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proposition 13 ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Risk Arbitrage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Residential Market

California’s Proposition 13, which limits the growth of property tax to 2 percent per year, provides homeowners an incentive to remain in their housing units and thus contributes to residential stability. Yet, with fast home price appreciation, new home buyers may purchase a home and then sell it again within a short period of time. Even though they incur transaction costs, they can gain by the appreciation. Under Proposition 13, faced with a disproportionately large property tax relative to those homeowners who purchased their homes a long time ago at a much lower price, the new homebuyers have an additional incentive to trade homes fast in an up market to avoid paying a high property tax. We call this short term residential trading ‘Proposition 13 risk arbitrage’ and predict that Proposition 13 induces additional short-term residential trading, which adds to the underlying residential market speculation. Cross-sectional variations of the residential holding periods over the 1993 to 2001 period in the five counties of Southern California are generally consistent with the predictions based on Proposition 13 induced trading: Households which face a higher property tax per square foot and those that experience larger capital gains show a shorter holding period. We also explain the time variation of the aggregate residential holding period using the Proposition 13 risk arbitrage argument.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Tingkat Manfaat Bagi Penerima Beasiswa dan Peningkatan Kinerja SDM Unggul di Jambi Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wilhelmus Hary Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Information Requirements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Mechanisms

<em>Organizer and better quality education strongly influenced by support funds. Hence, the government will provide support organizing of sustainable funding for education is good for all its citizens. This study is applied research aimed at giving them feedback implementer apply for the scholarship two models empirical short-term and long-term. Research methods used are quantitative data qualitative primary with the approach that can absorb aspirations from people. An examination used descriptive correlation-cross sectional. Results of testing the model A, Variable of information, requirements, mechanisms, level of adequacy, the use of cost has a positive and significant relationship with variable monitoring. Variables of information, requirements and the adequacy of monitoring, use and has a positive and significant relationship with variable benefits scholarships for the recipient. Variable selection mechanisms have a relationship that is negative and not significant to the variable benefit scholarships for the recipient. Research on Model B, which states that there is a significant relationship between variables; climate, financing, motivation, organization, job satisfaction and performance.</em>

Nurses’ knowledge and performance of the patients’ bill of rights

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 866-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Sheikhtaheri ◽  
Monireh Sadeqi Jabali ◽  
Zahra Hashemi Dehaghi
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Background: Observance of the patients’ bill of rights is one of the main features of moral codes in hospitals. In this regard, nurses bear great responsibility because they spend a long time with patients. Therefore, the continuous evaluation of the nurses’ performance and assessing their knowledge about the patients’ bill of rights are a need. Objectives: We aimed to determine the nurses’ awareness of the patients’ rights and measure their performance in this regard. Research design and participants: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2013. To measure the nurses’ knowledge and performance, 250 nurses and 300 patients were surveyed. The participants were selected randomly from five teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Two questionnaires, one for nurses (17 questions) and the other for patients (11 questions), were applied. The data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and inferential statistics. Ethical consideration: The research protocol was submitted and approved by the research and ethics committees of the participating hospitals. Additionally, the consent of all of the participants was obtained before the study. Findings: The mean score of the nurses’ knowledge regarding the patients’ rights was acceptable (69.85 ± 11.7 of 85). Furthermore, the mean score of nurses’ performance in observing the patients’ rights was relatively acceptable (11.2 ± 4.6 of 22). More experienced and educated nurses had higher knowledge regarding the patients’ rights, and patients with higher education level or experience of being hospitalized were less satisfied with the nurses’ performance. Conclusion: Nurses’ knowledge of the patients’ bill of rights was acceptable; however, observance of the patients’ rights was not. It seems that notification of the patients’ bill of rights has increased the nurses’ awareness of the patients’ rights, although improvement of the nurses’ performance needs more extensive measures.

Time Window from Visual Images to Visual Short-Term Memory: Consolidation or Integration?

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Window ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Long Time

Abstract. When two dot arrays are briefly presented, separated by a short interval of time, visual short-term memory of the first array is disrupted if the interval between arrays is shorter than 1300-1500 ms ( Brockmole, Wang, & Irwin, 2002 ). Here we investigated whether such a time window was triggered by the necessity to integrate arrays. Using a probe task we removed the need for integration but retained the requirement to represent the images. We found that a long time window was needed for performance to reach asymptote even when integration across images was not required. Furthermore, such window was lengthened if subjects had to remember the locations of the second array, but not if they only conducted a visual search among it. We suggest that a temporal window is required for consolidation of the first array, which is vulnerable to disruption by subsequent images that also need to be memorized.

Blood Analysis Requests of Patients’ and Clinical Reflections in Primary Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Zerrin Gamsizkan ◽  
Mehmet Ali Sungur ◽  
Yasemin Çayır
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Study Results

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the factors that may affect the demands of patients who come with the request to have a blood test without any chronic disease or a planned examination check. Methods: The data of this descriptive, cross-sectional study, were collected with a questionnaire that was prepared to examine the opinions of the patients who claim to have a blood test by coming to the family health center without any complaints. Patients over 18 years of age, who did not have any chronic disease and had no scheduled examination appointments were included in the study. Results: A total of 278 patients who wanted to have a blood test within the 6-months period were included in the study. Female patients who wanted to have a blood test were significantly more than male patients. When we look at the causes of patients who wanted to have a blood test; 61.2% (n=170) patients stated that they are concerned about their health and 6.1% (n=17) stated that they were affected by media warnings. There was no significant relationship between the frequency of blood test requests of patients and their age, gender, education, and general health status. Conclusion: Patients with high expectations and anxiety may be more willing to perform blood tests at inappropriate intervals. Family physicians, whose primary role is preventive medicine, have consultancy and information duties in order to protect their patients from the risk of over-examination and diagnosis. Keywords: blood tests, patient, screening, routine diagnostic tests

MODEL KUANTITATIF MANAJEMEN STRES KERJA DAN MOTIVASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PETUGAS REKAM MEDIS DI RS ORTOPEDI PROF. DR. R. SOEHARSO SURAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Laili Rahmatul Ilmi
Keyword(s):  
Stress Management ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staff Performance ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Management Work

Background: Workload may indirectly cause stress. The ability to manage work stress may affect staff’s motivation and performance. The staff performance will affect decision-making in improving the service quality. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress management, work motivation and work performance. Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. A sample of 19 medical record staff, working at Prof. Dr. R Soeharso orthopedic hospital Surakarta, were selected for this study. A set of questionnaires were developed and administered to measure stress management, work motivation and work performance. Data were then analyzed with a bivariate correlation analysis. Results: There were statistically significant correlations between work stress management, work motivation and work performance. The ability to manage stress positively increased the motivation (r= 0,56; p= 0,013), as well as the work performance (r= 0,49; p= 0,036). Moreover, a higher motivation will lead to a higher performance (r= 0,42; p= 0,071). Conclusion: There were positive relationships between work stress management, work motivation and work performance. Key words: work stress management, motivation, performance.

The 14th Annual AMSE Conference

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Mozaffar Partowmah
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Student Paper ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sizable Number

The 14th Annual Conferknce of the Association of Muslim Scientistsand Engineers (ASME) was held during the weekend of qufur 2628,1409/0ctober 7-9, 1988, at the Islamic Center of North America in Plainfield,Indiana. Papers presented at the Conference dealt with a variety of subjectsranging from agriculture and health sciences to car manufacturing tips,computers, industrial, civil and electronic engineering, as well as resourcemanagement and organizational behavior.Members of the AMSS (Association of Muslim Social Scientists) whoattended the AMSE Conference, participated in the sessions with undividedattention. Dr. AbdulHamid AbuSulayman, the AMSS President, in his banquetspeech, stressed the need for an active AMSE that will eventually attracta more sizable number of Muslims in North America and coordinate theirscientific efforts for their common benefit.In a session entitled “Technology Transfer,” the Japanese and Koreanapproaches were contrasted with the Muslim world approach. A highlightof the Conference was the announcement of the A1 Khwarazmi Award thatthe AMSE will award annually to a distinguished Muslim scientist or engineer.The first Al Khwarazmi Award went to Dr. M.A.K. Lodhi of Texas A&MUniversity in appreciation of his continuous support for Muslim studentsand his long-time involvement in the AMSE in addition to his scientific interestand achievements in nuclear physics and field theory.The Best Student Paper Award went to the following: 1) Abdullah M.Elramsisi of Rochester Hill, Michigan for his paper “On Model-based ImageRestoration and Performance Evaluation;” and 2) Khatib Rajab of Morgantown,West Virginia for his paper on “Agricultural Research Needs and Prioritiesin Zanzibar as perceived by Administrators and Extension Workers.”Copies of all of the presented papers were distributed at the Conferenceand will be ppblished in the conference proceedings. Preprints and reprintsmay be obtained by writing to the AMSE office at P.O. Box 38, Plainfield,Indianna, 46168 ...

Frequency of Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dentists

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Sidra Sarwar ◽  
Sara Khalid ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Hadeeqa Jabeen ◽  
Shahid Imran
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
And Performance

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are not only becoming prevalent among health care professionals in our country but are affecting their health and performance adversely. They are caused by poor ergonomics and awkward posture during work activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of neck and upper limb musculoskeletal disorders in dentists of Lahore, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2017 to March 2018. The data was collected using convenient sampling technique from 162 Dentists including 52 males and 110 females of Children hospital Lahore, Punjab Dental hospital and Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore. Data was collected by using Mangalore Questionnaire for identification of musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive analysis of the data was done using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Of 162 dentists, 115 (71%) suffered from musculoskeletal disorders. Shoulder was the most commonly affected region (30.9%) followed by neck (25.9%), arm (6.2%), wrist (4.3%), elbow (3.1%) and forearm (0.6%). Pain (45.7%) was found to be the most common complaint followed by muscle weakness (20.4%), paraesthesia (3.7%) and swelling (1.2%). Conclusions: It was concluded that majority of the dentists were suffering from musculoskeletal disorders with shoulder as the most affected region and pain as the most frequent complaint. Key words: Dentists, Musculoskeletal disorders, Neck pain, Upper extremity

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