Allelopathic interaction between Chenopodium album L. and certain crop species

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Reinhardt ◽  
Ruth Meissner ◽  
N. Labuschagne
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Interaction

scholarly journals Reduced Translocation Is Associated with Tolerance of Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) to Glyphosate

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda K. Yerka ◽  
Andrew T. Wiersma ◽  
R. Bradley Lindenmayer ◽  
Philip Westra ◽  
William G. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Sites Of Action

Common lambsquarters tolerance to glyphosate is problematic because of the species' widespread distribution, competitive ability with many crop species, the widespread use of glyphosate in agriculture, and the weed's potential to develop decreased sensitivity to multiple herbicide sites of action. The mechanism that confers common lambsquarters tolerance to glyphosate is not known. Therefore, we conducted experiments to determine the mechanism of tolerance to glyphosate in an accession of common lambsquarters from Indiana relative to a sensitive accession from Wisconsin. The ED50(the effective dose that reduced shoot mass 50% relative to nontreated plants) value for the tolerant accession (1.6 kg ae ha−1± 0.4 standard error of the mean [SEM]) was eightfold greater than the ED50for the sensitive accession (0.2 kg ae ha−1± 0.2 SEM) 28 d after treatment. The glyphosate target-site (EPSPS) DNA sequence at proline 106, shikimate accumulation as an estimate of EPSPS sensitivity, and EPSPS protein abundance did not differ between accessions. Absorption of14C-glyphosate was slightly greater in the tolerant accession than it was in the sensitive accession at 48 and 72 h after treatment (HAT). However, the tolerant accession translocated a smaller percentage of absorbed14C-glyphosate to the tissue above the treated leaf, which included the shoot apical meristem, at 24, 48, and 72 HAT (P ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.10, respectively). These results suggest an important role of reduced translocation in conferring tolerance of common lambsquarters to glyphosate.

scholarly journals Soil Fumigants to Replace Methyl Bromide for Weed Control in Ornamentals

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Uhlig ◽  
George Bird ◽  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Bernard H. Zandstra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Plant Injury ◽  
Soil Fumigants

A field study was conducted to evaluate fumigant alternatives for methyl bromide (MB). Iodomethane (IM), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), metham sodium (MS), and MB in various combinations were applied to a sandy soil field site in Sept. 2002. Some treatments were tarped. Plant injury, plant growth, fresh weight, and dry weight were evaluated for seven ornamental species: cushion spurge (Euphorbia polychroma), globe thistle (Echinops bannaticus ‘Blue Globe’), common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote Blue’), hosta (Hosta ‘Twilight PP14040’), silvermound artemisia (Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’), shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum ‘Snow Lady’), and thread leaf coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’). Weed control was evaluated in Apr. 2003, July 2003, and May 2004. All treatments gave almost complete control of all annual weeds, except for IM 50% + CP 50% (200 lb/acre, tarped) and MS (75 gal/acre, 1:4 water, not tarped), which did not give adequate control of common chickweed (Stellaria media), mouseear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), or common purslane (Portulaca oleracea). None of the treatments caused visual injury to any crop species. Treatments did not affect plant size in Nov. 2003. However, some treatments resulted in larger thread leaf coreopsis and silvermound artemisia plants in May 2004. There was no difference in dry weight at harvest between treatments for all species.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic Potential and Phenolic Profile of Extracts from Scrophularia striata

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Seyyed Sasan Mousavi ◽  
Akbar Karami ◽  
Tahereh Movahhed Haghighi ◽  
Saeed Alizadeh ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Plant Allelochemicals

A large number of plants produce secondary metabolites known as allelochemicals that are capable of inhibiting the germination of competitive species. This process is known as allelopathy and is mediated by several classes of chemicals, among which phenolic compounds are the most frequent. Thus, plant allelochemicals can be used to control weeds in agricultural systems. In the present work, we analyzed the phenolic profile and phytotoxic potential of different extracts (pure water or water: ethanol 50:50) from Scrophulariastriata plants that were collected from two ecological regions in Iran (Pahleh and Lizan). The total polyphenolic content (TPC), as evaluated by the Folin-Ciocolteau method, ranged from 28.3 mg/g in the aqueous extract obtained from the Lizan ecotype to 39.6 mg/g in the hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the Pahleh ecotype. Moreover, HPLC analysis was aimed at determining the content of eight phenolic compounds, namely eugenol, rosmarinic acid, hesperetin, hesperedin, trans-ferulic acid, vanillin, and caffeic acid. According to the results, rosmarinic acid appeared to be the most abundant component. The phytotoxic activities of S.striata extracts were examined on the seed germination of a crop species, Lepidium sativum, and two weeds, Chenopodium album and Malva sylvestris. All extracts showed inhibitory effects on these species. The efficiency of these inhibitory effects depended on the type of plant species, origin, and concentration of extract. The highest phytotoxic activity was caused by approximately 1% concentration of extract. The most susceptible weed was M. sylvestris. The extracts that were obtained from the Pahleh ecotype, notably the hydroalcoholic ones, showed higher phytotoxicity against L. sativum, C. album and M. sylvestris. These results encourage further studies to support the use of S. striata as a source of bioherbicides.

Nutraceutical Properties of Important Weeds in India

2022 ◽  
pp. 1245-1263
Author(s):  
Aakash Mishra ◽  
D. D. Chaudhari ◽  
H. K. Patel ◽  
B. D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Edible Weeds ◽  
Nutrient Supplements ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties ◽  
Health Supplements

The group of plants, apart from the forest trees, agricultural, horticultural crop and medicinal plants, certain weed plants also play important role to formulate the qualitative and quantitative food and health supplements. These plants may be very specific in producing certain compound to heal the specific ailment chronically or serve as a good nutritive food supplement. There are numbers of crop species have been fortified with multi-nutrients or with the particular nutrient supplements e.g. Rice, Wheat, Maize, Sweet Potato. Instead, weeds remained underutilized and un-exploited and also treated as unwanted species. The nutritive compounds available in these plants such as polyphenols and vitamins can be the extraction from different plant portion to formulate the fortified food or curing medicine. The weed species prevailing in the nature are one of the major sources of dietary and health supplements for humans and animals since past i.e. Amaranthus lividus, Chenopodium album and many more weed species. There is still much to explore the Indian ecologic components present in wild form of flora. Hence, this chapter will majorly contribute to highlight nutritive nutaceurtical and edible weeds prevailing in Indian ecosystems.

scholarly journals Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽  
Mirosław Konopiński
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Root Vegetables

Influence of ridge cultivation and phacelia intercrop on weed infestation of root vegetables of the Asteraceae family The field experiment focused on three high-inulin vegetable crops: chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum Bisch), black salsify (Scorzonera hispanica L.) and common salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius L.), and took into account two cultivation methods (flat soil and ridges) and a phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia L.) intercrop, the biomass of which was mixed with the soil during pre-winter ploughing. Cultivation without an intercrop served as the control. The studies aimed at evaluating the influence of ridge cultivation using a phacelia intercrop on the species composition and population of vegetable weeds as compared to traditional flat-soil cultivation with no intercrop. In total, 24 taxa in the primary and 31 taxa in the secondary weed populations (mostly characteristic for vegetable crops) were recorded in high-inulin species plantations. Monocarpic species such as Senecio vulgaris, Chenopodium album and Lamium amplexicaule dominated in the spring, while Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Urtica urens were most numerous at the end of the vegetation period. Applying phacelia as the intercrop and ploughing its biomass before winter significantly reduced the primary weed population for all of the cultivated crop species as compared to the no-intercrop cultivations. Phacelia grown as the intercrop reduced the occurrence of Senecio vulgaris, while favouring the development of Lamium amplexicaule. The cultivation system affected the primary weed infestation of vegetables, whereas it had no impact on the level of secondary weed infestation. At the beginning of the vegetation periods, fewer weeds grew in ridges than in the flat soil system. The crop species had no effect on the primary weed infestation, while it influenced weed numbers in the secondary. The lowest number of weeds was recorded in the secondary weed infestation of chicory, the well-developed leaf rosettes of which efficiently eliminated most of the weeds.

scholarly journals Efficacy of imazamox in imidazolinone-resistant spring oilseed rape in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-L. HAUKKAPÄÄ ◽  
S. JUNNILA ◽  
C. ERIKSSON
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Effect On Yield

Imidazolinonies (IMIs) are a group of herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity. They control the growth of many broadleaved weeds and annual grass species. Herbicide resistance against imidazolinonies has been transferred in some crop species, for example in Brassica napus. IMI-resistant oilseed rape cultivars have been developed by a mutation in ALS. They have been on the market for a few years, especially in North America. To determine if imazamox, an imidazolinone herbicide, and IMI-resistant oilseed rape cultivars are suitable for cultivation in Finland, we conducted four herbicide trials in three locations. We found, that imazamox had no negative effect on yield or oil quality characters of IMI-resistant oilseed rape. Some transient chlorosis was observed immediately after the treatment, but it was not apparent after a few days. The effects of imazamox against the most troublesome weeds in oilseed field in Finland, Chenopodium album and Galium spurium, were very good. Imazamox had good or moderate effects on Stellaria media, whereas its effects on Viola arvensis, Lapsana communis and Fallopia convolvulus were insufficient. If the total weed number was high or the emergence of oilseed rape was slow, the application of imazamox increased the yield of oilseed rape compared to untreated control. Our results suggest that imazamox is a good alternative in controlling weeds for Finnish oilseed fields. Therefore, it would be beneficial to transfer the IMI-resistance into Finnish oilseed and turnip rape lines.;

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

WEEDS IN POTATO CULTURE AND THEIR OUTCOME IN SPREADING OF Alternaria spp.

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Stanisław Mazur ◽  
Małgorzata Nadziakiewicz ◽  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Potato Cultivar ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Potato Crops

The aim of this study was to determine whether the weeds accompanying potato crops can be a source of Alternaria spp. causing Alternaria leaf blight and to determine the genetic similarities of Alternaria alternata isolates infecting selected weeds: Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense and tested potato cultivar. Three-year field experiment was conducted on the potato cultivar ‘Vineta N’. The isolates were classified into different species on the basis of macro- and microscopic features. In each year of the study, A. alternata dominated among the isolated fungi colonizing the leaves of potato plants and the selected weeds. The genetic similarities of A. alternata isolates was determined by the RAPD-PCR method. Tested genetic forms of A. alternata were closely related; only small differences in the pattern of the separated amplification products was evidenced. The dominance of A. alternata on the weeds accompanying potato crops suggests that if weed infestation is extensive, the pathogen is very likely to spread and its population to increase.

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