Soil Fumigants to Replace Methyl Bromide for Weed Control in Ornamentals

A field study was conducted to evaluate fumigant alternatives for methyl bromide (MB). Iodomethane (IM), chloropicrin (CP), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), metham sodium (MS), and MB in various combinations were applied to a sandy soil field site in Sept. 2002. Some treatments were tarped. Plant injury, plant growth, fresh weight, and dry weight were evaluated for seven ornamental species: cushion spurge (Euphorbia polychroma), globe thistle (Echinops bannaticus ‘Blue Globe’), common lavender (Lavandula angustifolia ‘Hidcote Blue’), hosta (Hosta ‘Twilight PP14040’), silvermound artemisia (Artemisia schmidtiana ‘Silver Mound’), shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum ‘Snow Lady’), and thread leaf coreopsis (Coreopsis verticillata ‘Moonbeam’). Weed control was evaluated in Apr. 2003, July 2003, and May 2004. All treatments gave almost complete control of all annual weeds, except for IM 50% + CP 50% (200 lb/acre, tarped) and MS (75 gal/acre, 1:4 water, not tarped), which did not give adequate control of common chickweed (Stellaria media), mouseear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), or common purslane (Portulaca oleracea). None of the treatments caused visual injury to any crop species. Treatments did not affect plant size in Nov. 2003. However, some treatments resulted in larger thread leaf coreopsis and silvermound artemisia plants in May 2004. There was no difference in dry weight at harvest between treatments for all species.

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The effect of different agrotechnical levels on weed infestation in crops of naked and husked varieties of oat (Avena sativa L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2010.048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213

Author(s):

Sylwia Andruszczak ◽

Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽

Piotr Kraska ◽

Edward Pałys

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Control Object ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Polygonum Aviculare ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Oat Cultivars ◽

The City ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

The present study was carried out in the period 2007- 2009 in the Experimental Farm in Bezek near the city of Chełm. The aim of the investigation was to compare weed infestation of the husked (Krezus) and naked (Cacko) oat cultivars cultivated under conditions of different weed control treatments. The following weed control levels were compared: A - control object; B - harrowing twice; C - application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE; D - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + foliar fertilizer Insol 3; E - herbicide Mustang 306 SE + two foliar fertilizers: Insol 3 and FoliCare 18:18:18. The husked oat cv. Krezus was more competitive against weeds. Number of dicotyledonous weeds and of monocotyledonous weeds, total weeds, and air-dry weight of above-ground parts of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were all significantly lower compared to the naked cv. Cacko. From the group of dicotyledonous species, Chenopodium album, Galinsoga parviflora, Matricaria maritima ssp. inodora, Polygonum aviculare, and Stellaria media were the dominant species in the crops of the oat varieties under investigation, whereas among the monocotyledonous species Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria pumila, Apera spica-venti, and Elymus repens occurred in greatest numbers. The application of the herbicide Mustang 306 SE decreased the number of dicotyledonous weeds and air-dry weight of weeds, compared to the treatment in which mechanical weed control had been used.

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Dominant weeds in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation and their competitiveness under conditions of various methods of weed control

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 119-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Cirsium Arvense ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Research Station ◽

Weed Species ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Calcium And Magnesium

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2008-2010 at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, on brown soil with a slightly acidic pH, a high content of available phosphorus and potassium as well as an average magnesium content. The experiment was set up in a random split-plot design with four replications, with two methods for controlling weed infestation: I. mechanical - weeding of inter-rows twice; II. chemical - the herbicide Afalon Dyspersyjny 450 SC (a.i. linuron, 900 g × ha-1). Next, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were determined in maize and in the dominant weed species. Based on the dry weight yield of maize and the biomass of particular weed species, nutrient uptake per hectare area was calculated. The chemical method of weed control reduced both the number and dry weight of weeds more than the mechanical method. The dominant species in the maize crop were Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., and Cirsium arvense L. All the weed species examined were more competitive than maize in accumulating potassium, calcium and magnesium. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. was the most competitive species with maize for potassium, Cirsium arvense L. for calcium, and Chenopodium album L. and Polygonum lapathifolium L. subsp. lapathifolium for magnesium. Weeds are serious competitors in taking up nutrients relative to crop plants; their share in the total uptake of macroelements from the soil by the maize crop and weeds together was considerable and it averaged as follows: for K - 35%, Ca - 27.3%, Mg - 27.4%.

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Weed infestation of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop under the conditions of plough and ploughless tillage

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2011.040 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 133-140

Author(s):

Andrzej Woźniak

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Avena Fatua ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the period 2007- 2009 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm (Lublin region) belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Different tillage systems - plough and ploughless tillage - were the experimental factors. In the plough tillage system, tillage involved skimming done after the harvest of the forecrop and autumn ploughing. In the ploughless tillage system, only the herbicide Roundup 360 SL (active substance - glyphosate) was applied after the harvest of the forecrop. In both tillage treatments, spring tillage involved field cultivating and the use of a tillage assembly consisting of a cultivator, cage roller, and harrow. The present experiment evaluated weed infestation of the crop expressed by the number and air-dry weight of weeds and their species composition. Under the conditions of ploughless tillage, air-dry weight of weeds in the spring wheat crop was shown to increase significantly compared to plough tillage. The tillage systems under comparison did not differentiate the number of weeds per 1 m2. Spring wheat sown using plough tillage was colonized most extensively by the following weed species: Avena fatua L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Galium aparine L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., and Consolida regalis Gray. In the ploughless tillage treatments, the following weeds were predominant: Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Avena fatua L., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Löve, Papaver rhoeas L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Galium aparine L., and Chenopodium album L.

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Efficiency of some herbicides and manual weeding for weed control in irrigated Bt cotton

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-4963 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

R.K. Mathukia ◽

B.K. Sagarka ◽

P.R. Mathukia ◽

N.V. Savaliya

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cynodon Dactylon ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Bt Cotton ◽

Seed Cotton ◽

Yield Attributes

To evaluate the efficacy of some pre and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in Bt cotton (var. Beejdhan 2), a field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2014-15, 2015-16 and 2016-17 at Junagadh (Gujarat, India). The dominant weed flora in cotton field were Digera arvensis, Eluropus villosus, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa crusgalli, Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis, Trianthema monogyna, Amaranthus spinosus, Commelina benghalensis and Asphodelus tenuifolius. The results revealed that treatments viz., hand weeding (HW) and interculturing (IC) at 30, 60 and 90 DAS, pendimethalin 0.9 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence fb HW and IC at 30 and 60 DAS, and pendimethalin 0.9 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence fb quizalofop 40 g ha-1 as post-emergence at 45 DAS were found superior to the unweeded check in enhancing growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of monopodial and sympodial branches plant-1, number of bolls plant-1, single boll weight and seed cotton weight plant-1 and ultimately increased seed cotton and stalk yields. These treatments also recorded lower dry weight of weeds and weed index along with higher weed control efficiency, net return and B:C ratio as compared to unweeded check.

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Competitive relationships between sugar beet and weeds in dependence on time of weed control

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2687-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 108-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. Jursík ◽

J. Holec ◽

J. Soukup ◽

V. Venclová

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Galium Aparine ◽

Fumaria Officinalis

Small plot trials were carried out in years 2001–2003 with sugar beet. In the treatment without weed control, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet were very low (approx. 50 g/m2 and 0.5 m2/m2, respectively). Yield loss of sugar beet was 80–93%. Dominant weeds were Chenopodium album, Fumaria officinalis and Galium aparine. In the treatments where weeds were removed (by hand) until 4 leaf stage of sugar beet, dry weight of sugar beet top and LAI of sugar beet at first increased normally, but were markedly decreased from the half of the vegetation period. Yield loss of sugar beet was 54–28%. Dominant weed in this treatment was Amaranthus retroflexus. The development of sugar beet top dry weight and LAI of sugar beet was practically identical in the treatments where weeds were removed until 8–10 leaf stage of the crop and in those where weeds were removed during the whole vegetation period (500–900 g/m2, or 4–7 m2/m2, respectively). No yield loss of sugar beet was recorded. Dry weight of weeds did not exceed 30 g/m2 and LAI 0.1 m2/m2. A. retroflexus and Mercurialis annua were the most frequent weeds in this treatment.

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Pre-Emergence Herbicides and Mulches for Weed Control in Cutting Propagation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10091249 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1249

Author(s):

Anthony L. Witcher ◽

Isha Poudel

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Production ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Weed Species ◽

Crop Species ◽

Cutting Propagation ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Hand Weeding

Weed control is critical in cutting propagation to maximize root growth and liner quality, but hand weeding is time consuming and not cost efficient. Pre-emergence herbicides are widely used in container-grown nursery crop production, but concerns of potential phytotoxicity have limited widespread use in propagation. Mulches are a viable alternative for weed control but few products have been evaluated in propagation. Five pre-emergence herbicides and five mulches were evaluated for rooting stem cuttings of three nursery crop species and for control of four weed species. Mulches were applied (0.8 cm depth) prior to sticking cuttings while pre-emergence herbicides were applied (low labeled rate) two weeks after sticking cuttings. Rooting percentage, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were not affected by pre-emergence herbicide or mulch, except for butterfly bush (Buddleja davidii ‘Nanho Blue’) which was severely injured when treated with the pre-emergence herbicide isoxaben. Oxyfluorfen + oxadiazon provided excellent control of all tested weed species and has potential to be used in propagation of a number of crops. Mulches did not provide adequate weed control, but increased application depth may enhance efficacy and should be further evaluated.

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A comparison of management regimes for one-year rotational set-aside within a sequence of winter wheat crops, and of growing wheat without interruption. 2. Effects on vegetation and weed control

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859698005449 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 130 (4) ◽

pp. 389-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. F. SHIELD ◽

E. T. G. BACON

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Management Regimes ◽

One Year

Six management regimes for 1-year set-aside were compared with continuous winter wheat for their effects on weed control in two following test crops of winter wheat. The experiment was repeated in each of three years (1989–91) on predominantly sandy loam soils in eastern England. The weed flora was dominated by Poa spp., Stellaria media, Matricaria spp., Chenopodium album and volunteer crops, predominantly wheat.Managing set-aside by allowing natural regeneration and cutting it 2–4 times during the growing season resulted in fewest weeds in the following wheat crop. It was also a low cost option. Winter wheat, despite the application of herbicides, was not as effective in minimizing weeds in the winter wheat test crops as the best set-aside options.An Italian ryegrass cover crop set seed despite being cut 2–4 times per year. The only serious weed infestation arising in following wheat crops was from volunteer ryegrass in the second wheat following set-aside. The effects of management in the set-aside year were generally greater in the second of the following wheats than in the first.

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Grain sorghum productivity depending on herbicide application

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2020-202-11-14-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 (11) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Ol'ga Kurdyukova ◽

A. Baranovskiy

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Control Measures ◽

Growing Period ◽

Weed Infestation

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to establish the effectiveness of weed in control in crops of grain sorghum with herbicides of soil and leaf action. Scientific novelty. For the first time in sorghum crops for weed control, effective combinations of soil and leaf herbicides have been identified. Methods. Experiments were carried out on the black soils of steppe zone Ukraine. Research methods are generally accepted. The control options were herbicide-free and weed-free. Results. At tillering stage the number of weeds in sorghum crops reached 141 pieces/m2 and their air-dry weight was 218 g/m2. Green amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus), fat hen (Chenopodium album), field mustard (Sinapis arvensis), ragweed ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), bristlegrass (Setaria viridis) were dominant in the crops. The use of foliar-applied herbicides such as Agritox (1 l/ha), Ballerina (0.4 l/ha), Dialen Super (0.7 l/ha) in the stage of three-five leaves and a pre sowing soil-applied herbicide Primextra Gold (3 l/ha) ensured the maximum reduction of weed infestation of grain sorghum crops. The number of weeds with the use of these herbicides decreased by 10.4–19.7 times, and their weight decreased by 4.1–4.8 times in comparison with the options without the use of weed control measures. The conditions for plant growth and development were improved due to the reduction of weed infestation of grain sorghum crops. The growing period of the crop reduced from 125 to 114 days, the height of plants increased by 19–21 cm and their weight increased by 2.7–2.8 times. The sorghum grain yield reached 6.32–6.34 t/ha, which was higher than with the options without the use of weed control measures by 4.01–4.30 t/ha or 3.0–3.1 times. The same results were obtained in production conditions.

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The influence of strip cropping and weed control methods on weed diversity in dent maize (Zea mays L.), narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) and oats (Avena sativa L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.065 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weed Species ◽

Two Factors ◽

Weed Diversity ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

The Subject

The experiment was conducted in 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The research design included two factors: I. Method of cultivation – sole cropping and strip cropping (the cultivation of three plants: maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats, in neighboring strips); II. Weed control method – mechanical and chemical. The subject of this study was weed infestation in maize, narrow-leafed lupin and oats. The greatest diversity of weeds was found in the narrow-leafed lupine crop, while the lowest diversity in maize. The dominant weed species in maize, lupine and oats were Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album and Galinsoga parviflora which ranged from 34% to 99% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in the narrow-leafed lupin and oat crops as well as the aboveground dry weight of weeds in all plant species. Chemical weed control significantly decreased both the number and weight of weeds in comparison with the mechanical method.

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The influence of strip cropping on the state and degree of weed infestation in dent maize (Zea mays L.), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2013.015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 135-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aleksandra Głowacka

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Weed Control ◽

Control Method ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Weed Infestation

The experiment was conducted in the years 2008–2010 at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences in Zamość, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The following factors were analysed in the experiment: I. Cultivation method – sole cropping and strip cropping, which consisted in the cultivation of three plants: dent maize, common bean, and spring barley, in adjacent strips with a width of 3.3 m; II. Weed control methods – mechanical and chemical. The subject of the research was weed infestation of the 'Celio' variety of dent maize, the 'Aura' variety of common bean, and the 'Start' variety of spring barley. Weed infestation of the crops was assessed two weeks before harvesting by determining the species composi- tion as well as the number and dry weight of weeds. The dominant weed species in maize, common bean and spring barley were Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album and Galinsoga parviflora, constituting from 58% to 70% of the total number of weeds. Strip cropping clearly reduced the number of weeds per unit area in all the cultivated species and dry weight of aboveground parts produced by them in common bean and maize crops. The limiting effect of strip cropping on the weed infestation parameters was particularly clear in combination with the mechanical weed control method.

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