scholarly journals How consumers' values influence responses to male and female gender role stereotyping in advertising

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 893-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah De Meulenaer ◽  
Nathalie Dens ◽  
Patrick De Pelsmacker ◽  
Martin Eisend
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Role Stereotyping

Pervasively Offside

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mudrick ◽  
Laura Burton ◽  
Carolyn A. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sport Media ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Gender Role Stereotyping ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Consumption Intentions

Women remain underrepresented in sport media despite increased opportunities in other facets of sport and journalism. Further, women who have held positions in sport media are often perceived as being less credible than men in the field. In an effort to understand why these perceptions exist, the present study examined the influence of gender-role stereotyping and sexism on perceived sportscaster credibility. Using a posttest-only quasi-experimental design, 544 participants watched a video of a basketball debate between a male and female sportscaster, in addition to assessing the credibility of these sportscasters. Participant attitudes toward the sportscaster, gender-role stereotyping, and sexism as well as media consumption intentions were also measured. Results indicated that participants’ endorsement of gender stereotypes and level of sexism had a negative effect on the perceived credibility of the female sportscaster. Credibility was also found to have a significant relationship with attitudes toward the sportscaster, which in turn was related to media consumption intentions.

scholarly journals Reducing the Cost of Being the Boss: Authentic Leadership Suppresses the Effect of Role Stereotype Conflict on Antisocial Behaviors in Leaders and Entrepreneurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Monzani ◽  
Guillermo Mateu ◽  
Alina S. Hernandez Bark ◽  
José Martínez Villavicencio
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Role Stereotype ◽  
Male Gender Role ◽  
Economic Behaviors

What drives entrepreneurs to engage in antisocial economic behaviors? Without dismissing entrepreneurs’ agency in their decision-making processes, our study aims to answer this question by proposing that antisocial economic behaviors are a dysfunctional coping mechanism to reduce the psychological tension that entrepreneurs face in their day-to-day activities. Further, given the overlap between the male gender role stereotype and both leader and entrepreneur role stereotypes, this psychological tension should be stronger in female entrepreneurs (or any person who identifies with the female gender role). We argue that besides the well-established female gender role – leader role incongruence, female entrepreneurs also suffer a female gender role – entrepreneur role incongruence. Thus, we predicted that men (or those identifying with the male gender role) or entrepreneurs (regardless of their gender identity) that embrace these roles stereotypes to an extreme, are more likely to engage in antisocial economic behaviors. In this context, the term antisocial economic behaviors refers to cheating or trying to harm competitors’ businesses. Finally, we predicted that embracing an authentic leadership style might mitigate this effect. We tested our predictions in two laboratory studies (Phase 1 and 2). For Phase 1 we recruited a sample of French Business school students (N = 82). For Phase 2 we recruited a sample of Costa Rican male and female entrepreneurs, using male and female managers as reference groups (N = 64). Our results show that authentic leadership reduced the likelihood of entrepreneurs and men of engaging in antisocial economic behaviors such as trying to harm one’s competition or seeking an unfair advantage.

Gender-role orientation and social expectations regarding female adolescents' coping with developmental tasks 1The preparation of this article was facilitated by a grant from the Swiss National Foundation for young researchers, financed by the local research committee of the University of Fribourg to the first author during her stay at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. We are grateful to Susan B. Cleary for editing the English version of this article.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regula P. Berger ◽  
Alexander Grob ◽  
August Flammer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
National Foundation ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
The University

This study focuses on the importance of social developmental expectations, assessed as emotional and cognitive evaluations regarding the timing and the gender-role conformity of normative developmental tasks. Two central questions were raised. First, to what degree do the timing and the gender-role conformity affect the adults' expectations? Second, how much does the adults' own gender-role orientation (GRO), classified as traditional vs. liberal, affect their expectations? A 4 (timing modus) × 2 (developmental task) × 2 (gender-role conformity)-factorial design was administered to a sample of 140 adults of both sexes, 20 to 81 years old. Coping in time and with gender-role typical career received the most approval. Typical developmental tasks were more approved by persons with a traditional than with a liberal GRO. However, the evaluation of non-typical developmental tasks was not affected by the GRO. The possibility of a shift in normative expectations toward more liberal, diverse, and self-defined female gender-roles is discussed.

Judgments of Sexism: A Comparison of the Subtlety of Sexism Measures and Sources of Variability in Judgments of Sexism

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet K. Swim ◽  
Robyn Mallett ◽  
Yvonne Russo-Devosa ◽  
Charles Stangor
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Traditional Gender Role ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Unwanted Sexual Attention ◽  
Scale Usage ◽  
Sexist Beliefs ◽  
Role Behaviors

We compared the subtlety of four measures of sexism and sources of variation in male and female psychology students' judgments that beliefs from these scales and everyday behaviors were sexist. Participants judged traditional gender role and hostile sexist beliefs as more sexist than benevolent and modern sexist beliefs, indicating the latter were more subtle measures of sexism. Participants also judged traditional gender role behaviors as more sexist than unwanted sexual attention, suggesting the latter may less readily be identified as sexist. Variation in judgments of beliefs as sexist was related to differences in likelihood of endorsing such beliefs. This relation fully accounted for the tendency for men to be less likely to judge beliefs as sexist in comparison to women. Endorsement of Modern and Hostile Sexist beliefs was related to judgments of behaviors as sexist. The implications of the results for scale usage and identifying sexist behavior are discussed.

Chronic physical stress differences between genders in a military training on the Amazon jungle

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Y.R. de Souza ◽  
F.B. Feitosa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Before And After

This study aimed to investigate the gender difference in the manifestation of physical stress in a strenuous military training on Amazon jungle, using alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) markers, measured before and after an adaptation to jungle training. The sample consisted of 49 military volunteers, 35 male and 14 female, recently moved to the Amazon region. All plasma levels rose after the training. Serum ALT (male and female) and AST (male and female), although borderline, remained within normal limits. Already plasma levels of CK (both male and female) and LDH (male and female) largely exceeded the normal range. The average of all markers listed in female gender remained below the levels of the male gender. However, significant differences in biomarkers ALT, AST and CK between genders were found. The study points out that, in a jungle environment, biometric markers ALT, AST, CK and LDH are efficient for monitoring chronic physical stress in both genders, when used in combination. The influence of the weather on the occurrence of physical stress in unacclimated people of both genders, and the lower responses in the levels of ALT, AST, LDH and CK in females were discussed basing on the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Gender Role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comparison of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Module (ROME III) Between Male and Female Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Javid Anbardan ◽  
Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani ◽  
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad ◽  
Sahar Taba Taba Vakili ◽  
Mohammad Reza Keramati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Rome Iii ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Gender Role Stereotyping Of Women As Housewives In Conventional Pakistani Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Amna Saeed ◽  
Noreen Zainab
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Gender Role Stereotyping ◽  
Status Of Women

This study aims to analyze the short story, The Spell and the Ever Changing Moon (2014) by Rukhsana Ahmad, from the feminist perspective. A close reading of the text reveals that facing everyday challenges and juggling between multiple roles is a common practice for middleclass house wives in Pakistani society. The economic instabilities added with emotional, psychological as well as physical abuse plays a vital role in their oppression and humiliation on regular basis. These roles as assigned to them define their social standing and suffering becomes their destiny. Multiple roles of such women and social expectations outside and inside the house define their way of living. Each and every movement and thought becomes codependent on their social familial roles. Being selfless becomes an obligation and ‘sacrifice’ becomes convention for middle class women who spend their whole lives living under the thumb of their men folk. Moreover, the movement and status of women inside and outside the home is also a major concern addressed in this paper including the concept of home, and its significance in lives of Pakistani women.

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