The effect of various chemotherapeutic agents given with mild hyperthermia on different types of tumours

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takemoto ◽  
M. Kuroda ◽  
M. Urano ◽  
Y. Nishimura ◽  
S. Kawasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Mild Hyperthermia ◽  
Different Types

Probiotics for the Chemoprotective Role Against the Toxic Effect of Cancer Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aafrin Waziri ◽  
Charu Bharti ◽  
Mohammed Aslam ◽  
Parween Jamil ◽  
Aamir Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
High Degree

Background: The processes of chemo- and radiation therapy-based clinical management of different types of cancers are associated with toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. So, there is always an unmet need to explore agents to reduce such risk factors. Among these, natural products have generated much attention because of their potent antioxidant and antitumor effects. In the past, some breakthrough outcomes established that various bacteria in the human intestinal gut are bearing growth-promoting attributes and suppressing the conversion of pro-carcinogens into carcinogens. Hence, probiotics integrated approaches are nowadays being explored as rationalized therapeutics in the clinical management of cancer. Methods: Here, published literature was explored to review chemoprotective roles of probiotics against toxic and side effects of chemotherapeutics. Results: Apart from excellent anti-cancer abilities, probiotics are bearing and alleviate toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutics, with a high degree of safety and efficiency. Conclusion: Preclinical and clinical evidence suggested that due to the chemoprotective roles of probiotics against side effects and toxicity of chemotherapeutics, their integration in chemotherapy would be a judicious approach.

scholarly journals Interactions of Analgesics with Cisplatin: Modulation of Anticancer Efficacy and Potential Organ Toxicity

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Azza El-Sheikh ◽  
Zenat Khired
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Painful Neuropathy ◽  
Narcotic Analgesics ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP), one of the most eminent cancer chemotherapeutic agents, has been successfully used to treat more than half of all known cancers worldwide. Despite its effectiveness, CDDP might cause severe toxic adverse effects on multiple body organs during cancer chemotherapy, including the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and auditory system, as well as peripheral nerves causing severely painful neuropathy. The latter, among other pains patients feel during chemotherapy, is an indication for the use of analgesics during treatment with CDDP. Different types of analgesics, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and narcotic analgesics, could be used according to the severity of pain. Administered analgesics might modulate CDDP’s efficacy as an anticancer drug. NSAIDS, on one hand, might have cytotoxic effects on their own and few of them can potentiate CDDP’s anticancer effects via inhibiting the CDDP-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, or through COX-independent mechanisms. On the other hand, some narcotic analgesics might ameliorate CDDP’s anti-neoplastic effects, causing chemotherapy to fail. Concerning safety, some analgesics share the same adverse effects on normal tissues as CDDP, augmenting its potentially hazardous effects on organ impairment. This article offers an overview of the reported literature on the interactions between analgesics and CDDP, paying special attention to possible mechanisms that modulate CDDP’s cytotoxic efficacy and potential adverse reactions.

Azacyanines as Novel Topoisomerase II Alpha Inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sercan Guloglu ◽  
Fahriye Nur Kirmaci ◽  
Özgül Persil Çetinkol ◽  
Mehrdad Forough ◽  
Aybuke Gulkaya
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Topoisomerase Iiα ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii Alpha ◽  
Topological Constraints ◽  
Different Types

Introduction: Topoisomerase II alpha (Topo IIα) has become one of the extensively exploited targets in chemotherapy due to its role in regulating the topological constraints of DNA during replication and transcription. Small molecules targeting Topo IIα’s activity such as etoposide (VP-16) and doxorubicin are extensively used in the treatment of many different types of cancer. Objective: Here, the effects of three small molecules, named as azacyanines, on Topo IIα have been assessed. Methods: In-vitro Topoisomerase IIα drug screening kit and agarose gel imaging were used for the assessment of Topo IIα’s activity. Results: Our results revealed that all the azacyanines investigated decreased the catalytic activity of Topo IIα dramatically. More importantly, the decrease in the catalytic activity of Topo IIα in the presence of azacyanines was higher than the presence of VP-16, which is a commercially available chemotherapy drug. Upon further investigation, it has been observed that Azamethyl’s catalytic inhibition of Topo IIα was concentration dependent and the catalytic activity of Topo IIα was almost completely abolished in the presence of 100.0 μM of Azamethyl. Conclusion: These findings reveal the potential of azacyanines as effective Topo IIα inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: A Patient-Friendly Chemotherapy for Oncology

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Yan ◽  
Jingjing Shen ◽  
Jinqiao Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Shiyan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types

Chemotherapy is widely used to treat cancer. The toxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs on healthy cells leads to serious toxic and side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The application of nanotechnology in tumor chemotherapy can increase the specificity of anticancer agents, increase the killing effect of tumors, and reduce toxic and side effects. Currently, a variety of formulations based on nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs have been put into clinical use, and several others are in the stage of development or clinical trials. In this review, after briefly introducing current cancer chemotherapeutic methods and their limitations, we describe the clinical applications and advantages and disadvantages of several different types of NPs-based chemotherapeutic agents. We have summarized a lot of information in tables and figures related to the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs based on NPs and the design of NPs with active targeting capabilities.

scholarly journals Nanocarriers as Magic Bullets in the Treatment of Leukemia

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Houshmand ◽  
Francesca Garello ◽  
Paola Circosta ◽  
Rachele Stefania ◽  
Silvio Aime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Immature Cells

Leukemia is a type of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature cells in the blood and bone marrow. Treatment strategies mainly rely on the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, which, unfortunately, are known for their high toxicity and side effects. The concept of targeted therapy as magic bullet was introduced by Paul Erlich about 100 years ago, to inspire new therapies able to tackle the disadvantages of chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of different types of cancer, including leukemia. The main advantages associated with the use of these nanocarriers summarized as follows: i) they may be designed to target leukemic cells selectively; ii) they invariably enhance bioavailability and blood circulation half-life; iii) their mode of action is expected to reduce side effects. FDA approval of many nanocarriers for treatment of relapsed or refractory leukemia and the desired results extend their application in clinics. In the present review, different types of nanocarriers, their capability in targeting leukemic cells, and the latest preclinical and clinical data are discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Salicylate and Salicylamide Alcohols for the Preparation of Phosphorodiamidates and Ifosfamide Prodrugs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Derivatives Of

Pro drugs are derivatives of drug substance which gives parent drug or release drug when it breaks inside the body by the presence of suitable enzyme,and then exert desired pharmacological effect. For many years, prodrug strategy has been developed enormously to solve many unwanted drug properties. In drug discovery and development, prodrugsare well-known pharmacokinetic effects of pharmacologically nimbleproducts. Almost10% of drugs permitted whole worldare classified as prodrugs, where the application of a prodrug method duringinitial stages of drug development is an emergent fashion. Phosphorodiamidates prodrugs are well known anticancer agents particularly against leucomia. To improve the selectivity of the chemotherapeutic agents and reduce systemic toxicity, I herein report different types of salicylate and salicylamide alcohols for the preparation of phosphorodiamidates and ifosfamide prodrugs.

scholarly journals LIMITATIONS OF PEGYLATED NANOCARRIERS: UNFAVOURABLE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, BIODISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND CELLULAR AND SUBCELLULAR FATES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Ahmed Sebak
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Reticuloendothelial System ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
In Vivo Administration

Assuming that polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated or PEGylated nanocarriers always offer outstanding physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics profiles when compared to non-PEGylated ones, is not always accurate. For example, drug-loaded PEGylated nanocarriers for the treatment of cancer will not magically escape the reticuloendothelial system (RES) sequestration and clearance, benefit from the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of the tumor leaky vasculature and preferentially accumulate in the target tissue or cells. This is too good to be true. In this review, several drawbacks of PEGylation will be discussed; for example, how PEGylation can give rise to unfavourable physicochemical characteristics (e. g. particle size and release patterns) and post in vivo administration limitations of the formulated nanocarriers (e. g. limited evasion of RES uptake, development of hypersensitivity reactions, reduced intracellular accumulation and interference with the subcellular processing of nanocarriers necessary to produce the intended pharmacological effect).This review aims at providing better understanding of the pros and cons of PEGylation, encouraging the use of PEGylation with caution, avoiding the assumption that PEGylation will provide all advantages needed to deliver nanocarriers to the target tissue and looking for alternatives to optimize nanocarriers’ utilization especially in the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of different types of cancer. This review comprises a summary of some of the reported literature between 2013 and 2018 using different search engines; PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and the keywords listed below.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document