scholarly journals Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: A Patient-Friendly Chemotherapy for Oncology

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Yan ◽  
Jingjing Shen ◽  
Jinqiao Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Yang ◽  
Shiyan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Killing Effect ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types

Chemotherapy is widely used to treat cancer. The toxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs on healthy cells leads to serious toxic and side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The application of nanotechnology in tumor chemotherapy can increase the specificity of anticancer agents, increase the killing effect of tumors, and reduce toxic and side effects. Currently, a variety of formulations based on nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs have been put into clinical use, and several others are in the stage of development or clinical trials. In this review, after briefly introducing current cancer chemotherapeutic methods and their limitations, we describe the clinical applications and advantages and disadvantages of several different types of NPs-based chemotherapeutic agents. We have summarized a lot of information in tables and figures related to the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs based on NPs and the design of NPs with active targeting capabilities.

Probiotics for the Chemoprotective Role Against the Toxic Effect of Cancer Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aafrin Waziri ◽  
Charu Bharti ◽  
Mohammed Aslam ◽  
Parween Jamil ◽  
Aamir Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
High Degree

Background: The processes of chemo- and radiation therapy-based clinical management of different types of cancers are associated with toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. So, there is always an unmet need to explore agents to reduce such risk factors. Among these, natural products have generated much attention because of their potent antioxidant and antitumor effects. In the past, some breakthrough outcomes established that various bacteria in the human intestinal gut are bearing growth-promoting attributes and suppressing the conversion of pro-carcinogens into carcinogens. Hence, probiotics integrated approaches are nowadays being explored as rationalized therapeutics in the clinical management of cancer. Methods: Here, published literature was explored to review chemoprotective roles of probiotics against toxic and side effects of chemotherapeutics. Results: Apart from excellent anti-cancer abilities, probiotics are bearing and alleviate toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutics, with a high degree of safety and efficiency. Conclusion: Preclinical and clinical evidence suggested that due to the chemoprotective roles of probiotics against side effects and toxicity of chemotherapeutics, their integration in chemotherapy would be a judicious approach.

scholarly journals The “Yin and Yang” of Natural Compounds in Anticancer Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Varghese ◽  
Samson Samuel ◽  
Mariam Abotaleb ◽  
Sohaila Cheema ◽  
Ravinder Mamtani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Targeted Interventions

Among the different types of breast cancers, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are highly aggressive, do not respond to conventional hormonal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted interventions due to the lack of the respective receptor targets, have chances of early recurrence, metastasize, tend to be more invasive in nature, and develop drug resistance. The global burden of TNBCs is increasing regardless of the number of cytotoxic drugs being introduced into the market each year as they have only moderate efficacy and/or unforeseen side effects. Therefore, the demand for more efficient therapeutic interventions, with reduced side effects, for the treatment of TNBCs is rising. While some plant metabolites/derivatives actually induce the risk of cancers, many plant-derived active principles have gained attention as efficient anticancer agents against TNBCs, with fewer adverse side effects. Here we discuss the possible oncogenic molecular pathways in TNBCs and how the purified plant-derived natural compounds specifically target and modulate the genes and/or proteins involved in these aberrant pathways to exhibit their anticancer potential. We have linked the anticancer potential of plant-derived natural compounds (luteolin, chalcones, piperine, deguelin, quercetin, rutin, fisetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and others) to their ability to target multiple dysregulated signaling pathways (such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Hedgehog) leading to suppression of cell growth, proliferation, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis, and activation of apoptosis in TNBCs. Plant-derived compounds in combination with classical chemotherapeutic agents were more efficient in the treatment of TNBCs, possibly with lesser side effects.

scholarly journals Broad-spectrum survey of medicinal plants as a potential source of anticancer agents

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
K Saranya ◽  
◽  
V Manivasagan ◽  
K Gopi ◽  
K Karthik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Parts

Cancer is an abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells that spreads through cell division. There are different types of medicines available to treat cancers, but no drug is found to be fully effective and safe for humans. The major problem involved in the cancer treatments is the toxicity of the established drug and their side effects. Medicinal plants are used as folk medicines in Asian and African populations for thousands of years. 60% of the drugs for treating cancer are derived from plants. More than 3000 plants have anticancer activity. The present review aims at the study of a broad spectrum survey of plants having anticancer components for different type of cancers. This article consists of 364 medicinal plants and their different parts as potential Source of Anticancer Agents.

scholarly journals Chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: efficacy and mode of action

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Shaaban ◽  
Amr Negm ◽  
Elsayed E. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed A. Elrazak
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Aggressive Cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a dreaded malignancy that every year causes half a million deaths worldwide. Being an aggressive cancer, its incidence exceeds 700,000 new cases per year worldwide with a median survival of 6-8 months. Despite advances in prognosis and early detection, effective HCC chemoprevention or treatment strategies are still lacking, therefore its dismal survival rate remains largely unchanged. This review will characterize currently available chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of HCC. The respective mode(s) of action, side effects and recommendations will be also described for each drug.

Nanomedicine in Pancreatic Cancer: A New Hope for Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1580-1592
Author(s):  
Pablo Redruello ◽  
Gloria Perazzoli ◽  
Ana Cepero ◽  
Francisco Quiñonero ◽  
Cristina Mesas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Advanced Stages

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has one of the worst prognosis and higher mortality among most cancers. The diagnosis of PDA is frequently delayed due to a lack of specific biomarkers, and the efficacy of current chemotherapeutic drugs is limited. Moreover, chemotherapy is generally applied in advanced stages, where metastatic spread has already occurred. Nanotechnologybased systems are allowing to advance in the diagnosis and treatment of PDA. New nanoformulations have shown to improve the activity of conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as gemcitabine, and new antitumor drugs, protecting them from degradation, improving their selectivity, solubility and bioavailability, and reducing their side effects. Moreover, the design of nanocarriers represents a new way to overcome drug resistance, which requires a comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment of PDA. This article reviews the current perspectives, based on nanomedicine, to address the limitations of pancreatic cancer treatment, and the futures lines of research to progress in the control of this disease.

scholarly journals Nanocarriers as Magic Bullets in the Treatment of Leukemia

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Houshmand ◽  
Francesca Garello ◽  
Paola Circosta ◽  
Rachele Stefania ◽  
Silvio Aime ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Immature Cells

Leukemia is a type of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature cells in the blood and bone marrow. Treatment strategies mainly rely on the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, which, unfortunately, are known for their high toxicity and side effects. The concept of targeted therapy as magic bullet was introduced by Paul Erlich about 100 years ago, to inspire new therapies able to tackle the disadvantages of chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, nanoparticles are considered viable options in the treatment of different types of cancer, including leukemia. The main advantages associated with the use of these nanocarriers summarized as follows: i) they may be designed to target leukemic cells selectively; ii) they invariably enhance bioavailability and blood circulation half-life; iii) their mode of action is expected to reduce side effects. FDA approval of many nanocarriers for treatment of relapsed or refractory leukemia and the desired results extend their application in clinics. In the present review, different types of nanocarriers, their capability in targeting leukemic cells, and the latest preclinical and clinical data are discussed.

scholarly journals Protection Systems for DC Shipboard Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5319
Author(s):  
Navid Bayati ◽  
Mehdi Savaghebi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
System A ◽  
Fault Behavior ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, shipboard microgrids (MGs) have become more flexible, efficient, and reliable. The next generations of future shipboards are required to be equipped with more focuses on energy storage systems to provide all-electric shipboards. Therefore, the shipboards must be very reliable to ensure the operation of all parts of the system. A reliable shipboard MG should be protected from system faults through protection selectivity to minimize the impact of faults and facilitate detection and location of faulty zones with the highest accuracy and speed. It is necessary to have an across-the-board overview of the protection systems in DC shipboards. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the issues and challenges faced in the protection of shipboard MGs. Furthermore, given the different types of components utilized in shipboard MGs, the fault behavior analysis of these components is provided to highlight the requirements for their protection. The protection system of DC shipboards is divided into three sub-systems, namely, fault detection, location, and isolation. Therefore, a comprehensive comparison of different existing fault detection, location, and isolation schemes, from traditional to modern techniques, on shipboard MGs is presented to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Salicylate and Salicylamide Alcohols for the Preparation of Phosphorodiamidates and Ifosfamide Prodrugs.

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
Release Drug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Derivatives Of

Pro drugs are derivatives of drug substance which gives parent drug or release drug when it breaks inside the body by the presence of suitable enzyme,and then exert desired pharmacological effect. For many years, prodrug strategy has been developed enormously to solve many unwanted drug properties. In drug discovery and development, prodrugsare well-known pharmacokinetic effects of pharmacologically nimbleproducts. Almost10% of drugs permitted whole worldare classified as prodrugs, where the application of a prodrug method duringinitial stages of drug development is an emergent fashion. Phosphorodiamidates prodrugs are well known anticancer agents particularly against leucomia. To improve the selectivity of the chemotherapeutic agents and reduce systemic toxicity, I herein report different types of salicylate and salicylamide alcohols for the preparation of phosphorodiamidates and ifosfamide prodrugs.

scholarly journals Need of an Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine in the Treatment of Cancer- A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Gunjan ◽  
Jegathambigai Rameshwar Naidu ◽  
Roy Rillera Marzo ◽  
Nabil Saad Mohammed Harmal
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Ancient Medicine ◽  
Lung Cancers

<p>The already available expensive conventional therapies for cancer like chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a number of side effects such as myelosuppression and neurological, cardiac, pulmonary, and renal toxicity, which pose serious harm to the quality of life. Therefore, there is a need to develop treatment options that include more potent and less toxic anticancer drugs as compared to existing drugs. Studies have shown that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables because of phytochemical compounds extracted from them inhibiting the activity of antioxidant and free radicals which in turn showing anti-cancer activities. More recent semi-synthetic analogues of these agents are vinorelbine (VRLB) and vindesine (VDS). These agents are primarily used in combination with other cancer chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of a variety of cancers. VLB is used for the treatment of leukaemia, lymphomas, advanced testicular cancer, breast and lung cancers, and Kaposi’s sarcoma, and VCR, in addition to the treatment of lymphomas, also shows efficacy against leukaemia, particularly acute lymphocytic leukaemia in childhood. VRLB has shown activity against non-small-cell lung cancer and advanced breast cancer. Therefore there is need of developing cell cycle-based, mechanism-targeted ancient based modern cancer therapies that emulate the body's natural process in order to stop the growth of cancer cells. This approach can limit the damage to normal cells and the accompanying side effects caused by conventional chemotherapeutic agents. This review focuses on the role of ancient medicine in modern research and anticancer drug development. The current findings and known anticancer agents from natural sources are discussed, and recent therapeutic advances in this field are presented.</p>

Studies on Chemical Methods to Expose Gate/Tunnel Oxide and Identification of Gate/Tunnel Oxide Defects in Wafer Fabrication

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. N. Hua ◽  
G. B. Ang ◽  
S. Redkar ◽  
Yogaspari ◽  
Wilma Richter
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Capacitor Structure ◽  
Oxide Defects ◽  
Buffer Oxide Etchant ◽  
Etch Time

Abstract In failure analysis of wafer fabrication, currently, three different types of chemical methods including 6:6:1 (Acetic Acid/HNO3/HF), NaOH and Choline are used in removing polysilicon (poly) layer and exposing the gate/tunnel oxide underneath. However, usage is limited due to their disadvantages. For example, 6:6:1 is a relatively fast etchant, but it is difficult to control the etch time and keep the oxide layer intact. Also, while using NaOH to remove poly and expose the silicon oxide, the solution needs to be heated. It is also difficult to etch a poly layer with a WSix or a CoSix silicide using NaOH. In this paper, we will discuss these 3 etchants in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. We will then introduce a new poly etchant, called HB91. HB91 is useful for removing poly to expose the gate/tunnel oxide for identification of related defects. HB91 is actually a mixture of two chemicals namely nitric acid (HNO3) and buffer oxide etchant (BOE) in a 9:1 ratio. The experimental results show that it is highly selective in poly removal with respect to the gate/tunnel oxide and is a suitable poly etchant especially for removing polysilicon with/without WSix and CoSix in the large capacitor structure. Application results of this poly etchant (HB91) will be presented.

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