Perianal streptococcal dermatitis. The possible protective role of alpha-streptococci against spread and recurrence of group A streptococcal throat infection

The present study intents to find a possible protective role of a Mediterranean type meal on mammary carcinogenesis. Several factors have been associated with breast cancer risk, genetics and environment are the most pointed out in epidemiologic and experimental studies. Diet is an environmental factor that can promote or prevent disease, being responsible for almost 35% of total cancer cases. A total of 72 female rats 50 days old were randomly divided in three groups of 24 rats and housed 4 in each plastic cage in a holding room under constant conditions of 22 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 10% humidity and a 12 h light/dark cycle. All the animals were submitted to the administration of 20 mg of 7, 12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) in olive oil, by gavages, except group A. The same defined standard food was provided for all the animals in group A and B, supplemented with a Mediterranean meal in group C. All the animals were sacrificed by the end of 150 days. Total carcinoma number did not differ significantly between Groups B and C and there were not found any neoplastic lesions in Group A. Most tumors showed a mixed architectural pattern, with cribriform and papillary areas, comedocarcinoma and necrosis was only seen in Group B. Histopathologic analysis showed that Group C tumors had lower mitotic activity and Pattern Grades, but higher Nuclear Grades. Mediterranean diet type meal showed lower Pattern Grades and lower Mitotic count in spite of that a higher nuclear pleomorphism was also found. Even so, tumors from Group C were better differentiated which can indicate lower malignancy.

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Protective Role of Different Local Spices on Lambda Cyhalothrin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Mice

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2021/v13i430196 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 61-70

Author(s):

Eme Efioanwan Orlu ◽

Adetutu Olubunmi Obulor

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protective Role ◽

Male Mice ◽

Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Animal House

Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating the protective role of different local spices on lambda cyhalothrin induced nephrotoxicity in male mice Experimental Design: A completely randomized experimental design using standard methods for analysis. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in the Animal house, Department of Animal and Environmental Biology of Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt, Nigeria. GPS 4o47'50''N 6o58'49''E. This study lasted for 35days. Methodology: The experimental animals were separated into 6 groups (A-F) of seven mice each. Group A served as the control and Group B – F served as the test groups. At the end of the 35 day treatment period, feed was withdrawn from the mice 24 hours before termination of the experiment. Blood samples for analysis of kidney function test were collected from each mouse by ocular puncture into plain tubes. The blood was allowed to clot and centrifuged at 2500g to separate the serum from the cells. Total protein was analyzed using the spectrophotometric method of biuret, Bradford and erythrosine – b, albumin was estimated, creatinine and urea was done using enzymatic method. Vital organs were removed and weighed for organosomatic indices. Histological sections of the kidney were mounted on slides, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Photomicrographs were generated. Results: There is no significant difference (P=0.05) between the organ weight and bodyweight in group A compared with the treatment groups. The values of Albumin, total protein, urea, creatinine and total bilirubin increased significantly in group B administered lambda cyhalothrin alone but decreased in groups administered the local spices. Histopathological analysis of the kidney shows the regular structure of the kidney architecture in group A, tubular degeneration and several vacuolations were observed in group B. However, less degeneration of the epithelial cells, regeneration of renal tubular epithelium were observed in groups C- F. Conclusion: Based on the results from liver biomarkers and histological micrographs from this study, pronounced degeneration was observed in the kidney cells exposed to lambda-cyhalothrin only. Moreover, all spices used had a regenerating ability on the kidney tubules. It is advocated therefore that consumption of this spices either singly or in combination should be encouraged especially for those exposed to insecticides poisoning

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Results of challenge of goats with Staphylococcus aureus into the teat of the udder

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 237

Author(s):

A. TZORA ◽

C. VOIDAROU ◽

A. KARAMOUTSIOS ◽

J. SKOUFOS

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Protective Role ◽

Aureus Strain ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Cytological Examination ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Before And After ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective of the present study was to study the outcome of inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus into the teat duct of female goats, which simulates mammary natural infections. In total, 22 lactating goats were used in the study; 8 animals were challenged with a S. aureus strain at a depth of 2 mm into one teat duct (group A), 8 animals were challenged with the same strain at 6 mm into one teat duct (group B) and 6 animals were challenged directly into one gland cistern (group C). Challenge dose was always 1300 cfu. Animals were examined clinically before and after challenge; milk samples were collected for bacteriological and cytological examination, and milk yield measurements were also performed. Goats in group A or B developed a significantly milder response than animals in group C. It is concluded that the evidence indicates a protective role of the normal teat of the udder of goats and that the results also underline the significance of maintaining healthy teats for prevention of mastitis in dairy herds.

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CD46 Contributes to the Severity of Group A Streptococcal Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00109-08 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 3951-3958 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Lena Lövkvist ◽

Hong Sjölinder ◽

Rahma Wehelie ◽

Helena Aro ◽

Anna Norrby-Teglund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Protective Role ◽

Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Bacterial Survival ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Group A ◽

Severe Infections ◽

Complement Regulator

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus) is a human pathogen that causes a wide variety of diseases ranging from uncomplicated superficial infections to severe infections such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. These bacteria interact with several host cell receptors, one of which is the cell surface complement regulator CD46. In this study, we demonstrate that infection of epithelial cells with S. pyogenes leads to the shedding of CD46 at the same time as the bacteria induce apoptosis and cell death. Soluble CD46 attached to the streptococcal surface, suggesting that bacteria might bind available extracellular CD46 as a strategy to survive and avoid host defenses. The protective role of human CD46 was demonstrated in ex vivo whole-blood assays showing that the growth of S. pyogenes was enhanced in blood from mice expressing human CD46. Finally, in vivo experimental infection showed that bacteremia levels, arthritis frequency, and mortality were higher in CD46 transgenic mice than in nontransgenic mice. Taken together, these results argue that bacterial exploitation of human CD46 enhances bacterial survival and represents a novel pathogenic mechanism that contributes to the severity of group A streptococcal disease.

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Immunity to Sda1 Protects against Infection by Sda1+ and Sda1− Serotypes of Group A Streptococcus

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines10010102 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

Shuai Bi ◽

Jie Wang ◽

Meiyi Xu ◽

Ning Li ◽

Beinan Wang

Keyword(s):

Protective Immunity ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

Group A Streptococcus ◽

Protective Role ◽

Gas Reservoir ◽

Extracellular Traps ◽

Mucosal Site ◽

Group A ◽

Potential Vaccine

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes a variety of diseases globally. The DNases in GAS promote GAS evasion of neutrophil killing by degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Sda1 is a prophage-encoded DNase associated with virulent GAS strains. However, protective immunity against Sda1 has not been determined. In this study, we explored the potential of Sda1 as a vaccine candidate. Sda1 was used as a vaccine to immunize mice intranasally. The effect of anti-Sda1 IgG in neutralizing degradation of NETs was determined and the protective role of Sda1 was investigated with intranasal and systemic challenge models. Antigen-specific antibodies were induced in the sera and pharyngeal mucosal site after Sda1 immunization. The anti-Sda1 IgG efficiently prevented degradation of NETs by supernatant samples from different GAS serotypes with or without Sda1. Sda1 immunization promoted clearance of GAS from the nasopharynx independent of GAS serotypes but did not reduce lethality after systemic GAS challenge. Anti-Sda1 antibody can neutralize degradation of NETs by Sda1 and other phage-encoded DNases and decrease GAS colonization at the nasopharynx across serotypes. These results indicate that Sda1 can be a potential vaccine candidate for reduction in GAS reservoir and GAS tonsillitis-associated diseases.

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Embryotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by arsenic in albino mice and protective role of Moringa oleifera

10.21203/rs.3.rs-774070/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kashif Ali ◽

Asia Iqbal ◽

Talha Omer ◽

Maham Saleem

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Protective Role ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Sodium Arsenate ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Group A ◽

Embryo Toxicity ◽

Group D

Abstract Chronic exposure to arsenic causes the abnormal development of embryo during pregnancy. So the study is designed to investigate the antioxidant and tissue protective properties of Moringa oleifera extracts against sodium arsenate induced embryo toxicity. Moringa oleifera extracts (leaf and flower) were prepared using soxhelt apparatus. Fourty four pregnant females were equally divided in 11 experimental groups (A-K). Group A was of control while B and C were sodium arsenate treated groups as group A (0.00), B (6.00, 0.00), C (12.00, 0.00). Group D to G were of sodium arsenate + Moringa oleifera flower extract treated groups with doses D (6.00, 150.00), E (6.00, 300.00), F (12.00, 150.00), G (12.00, 300.00) and groups H to K were sodium arsenate + Moringa oleifera leaf extracts treated groups H (6.00, 150.00), I (6.00, 300.00), J (12.00, 150.00) and K (12.00, 300.00) mg/kg B.W. Significant (p < 0.05) increased in MDA (malanodialdehyde) values 41.75 ± 3.40 and decreased GSH (glutathione) values 7.75 ± 0.95 in sodium arsenate treated groups were observed as compared to control 25 ± 0.81(MDA) and 18.5 ± 0.57 (GSH). Moringa oleifera extracts treated groups especially Moringa oleifera leaf extract at dose of 300mg/kg B.W normalized the MDA (25.25 ± 0.50) and GSH (18.25 ± 1.70) values. Sodium arsenate induced the histopathologiacl changes like malformed heart, meningocoel, spina bifida, anopathalmia, cavitization, degenerated kidney and intestine. Whereas Moringa oleifera leaf extract as ameliorant minimized these histopathological abnormalities. It is concluded that Moringa oleifera leaf extract is mixture of biomolecules as it has antioxidant activity, so can be used as ameliorant against sodium arsenate.

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HEPATOTOXICITY;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.957 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (08) ◽

pp. 1200-1205

Author(s):

Aamna Khokhar ◽

Aisha Qayyum ◽

Momina Khokhar

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Protective Role ◽

Alanine Transaminase ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Medical College ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Group D

Objectives: To evaluate the protective role of silymarin against methotrexate(MTX) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Study design: Randomized controlled trial on animalmodel. Period: 06 months from March 2016 to August 2016. Settings: Department ofPharmacology and Therapeutics, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Material and Methods:Thirty male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6). Group A received 0.2 mlnormal saline intraperitoneally served as control for MTX. Group B received 0.2 ml distilled waterorally for 7 days served as control for oral silymarin. Group C received single intraperitonealinjection of MTX 20 mg/kg. Group D received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally for seven days. GroupE received silymarin 25 mg/kg orally for 7 days with MTX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally at day 4.Blood samples for measuring serum ALT (Alanine Transaminase), AST (Aspartate transaminase)and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) along with liver samples for hepatic histological examinationwere taken after 24 hours of last dose. Results: Silymarin show hepatoprotective effect againstMTX induced hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: Silymarin has hepatoprotective potential whenadministered along with MTX.

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Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20191072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (1) ◽

pp. 71-72

Author(s):

Naseer Ahmed ◽

Masooma Naseem ◽

Javeria Farooq

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽

Protective Role ◽

Oxidative Stress Markers ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Galectin 3 ◽

Consequent Increase ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

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