Effect of day time climatic conditions associated with different 2,4-D formulations on spray deposition and weed control

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 803-809
Author(s):  
Robinson L. Contiero ◽  
Fabiano A. Rios ◽  
Denis F. Biffe ◽  
Guilherme B. P. Braz ◽  
Jamil Constantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Climatic Conditions

scholarly journals Weed control in soybean (Glycine max L.) through resource management strategies and its influence on yield and nutrient uptake

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 539-543
Author(s):  
Aradhana Bali ◽  
B. R. Bazaya ◽  
Sandeep Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Quizalofop Ethyl

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2011 at Research Farm, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Chatha, Jammu to evaluate the effect of weed management prac-tices on yield and nutrient uptake of soybean utilizing different resource management strategies. The lowest weed density and dry matter of weeds was recorded with hand weeding at 15 and 35 days after sowing (DAS) which was equally effective as imazethapyr @ 75 g ha -1 (PoE) fb hoeing at 35 DAS and quizalofop-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 (PoE) fb hoeing at 35 DAS. All weed control treatments had significant effect on yield and nutrient up-take of soybean. Among the different weed control treatments, lowest N, P and K uptake by weeds were recorded in hand-weeding (15 and 35 DAS) which was statistically at par with imazethapyr @ 75 g ha -1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS. The maximum uptake by seed and straw were recorded in weed free which was statistically at par with twice hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS, imazethapyr @ 75 g ha-1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS and quizalofop-ethyl @ 40 g ha-1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS. The highest seed and straw yield of soybean was harvested with hand-weeding (15 and 35 DAS) followed by imazethapyr @ 75 g ha -1 fb hoeing at 35 DAS. For the first time, soybean crop has been introduced in Jammu region for research purpose. Weed management varies with agro-climatic conditions. The study would be helpful to understand weed menace in this particular climatic condition of Jammu and to manage them combinedly and efficiently.

Fading Activities of Herbicidal Droplets Amended with Emulsifiable Spray Adjuvants on Cucurbitaceous Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1881-1888
Author(s):  
Jeng-Liang Lin ◽  
Heping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spray Droplet ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Maximum Coverage ◽  
Fading Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

Abstract. Understanding reactions of surfactant-amended droplets on difficult-to-wet weed surfaces could help develop application strategies to increase herbicide efficacy. Behaviors of herbicidal droplets containing different emulsifiable anti-evaporation spray adjuvants were investigated by characterizing 250 and 450 µm herbicidal droplet dispersion and fading time on cucurbitaceous leaves placed inside a 20°C chamber at 30% and 60% relative humidity (RH). Droplet maximum coverage area increased with droplet size but not with RH, while droplet fading time increased with both droplet size and RH. Despite 450 µm droplets having greater maximum coverage area than 250 µm droplets, the larger droplets had higher fading rates and lower ratios of maximum coverage area to droplet volume. Droplet maximum coverage area and fading time on leaves were affected by adding spray adjuvants to the herbicide-only solution. The Uptake surfactant was more effective than the other two surfactants (AntiEvap+BS1000 and Enhance) in increasing droplet maximum coverage area and fading time. Compared to the herbicide-only solution, addition of Uptake surfactant to the herbicide solution could increase maximum coverage area by 68% and 52% for 250 and 450 µm droplets, respectively, but addition of AntiEvap+BS1000 or Enhance surfactants did not show significant increase. Similarly, addition of Uptake surfactant to the herbicide-only solution increased droplet fading times by 11.1% and 13.2% at 30% and 60% RH, respectively, for 250 µm droplets and by 34.7% and 2.8% at 30% and 60% RH, respectively, for 450 µm droplets. In contrast, addition of AntiEvap+BS1000 surfactant reduced fading time, and addition of Enhance surfactant did not significantly affect fading time. Therefore, appropriate selection of spray adjuvants for herbicide applications could significantly influence droplet deposit behaviors on cucurbitaceous leaves, leading to improved effectiveness of weed control. Keywords: Herbicide application, Spray deposition, Spray droplet, Surfactant, Weed control.

scholarly journals Spray deposition, adjuvants, and physiochemical properties affect benzobicyclon efficacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Chad Brabham ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Craig A. Sandoski ◽  
Vijay K. Varanasi ◽  
Lauren M. Schwartz-Lazaro
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
Herbicide Activity

AbstractBenzobicyclon is a new pro-herbicide being evaluated in the Midsouth United States as a post-flood weed control option in rice. Applications of benzobicyclon to flooded rice are necessary for efficacious herbicide activity, but why this is so remains unknown. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to explore how herbicide placement (foliage only, flood water only, foliage and flood water simultaneously) and adjuvants (nonionic surfactant, crop oil concentrate, and methylated seed oil [MSO]) affect herbicide activity. The first experiment focused on importance of herbicide placement. Little to no herbicidal activity (<18% visual control) was observed on two- to four-leaf barnyardgrass, Amazon sprangletop, and benzobicyclon-susceptible weedy rice with benzobicyclon treatments applied to weed foliage only. In contrast, applications made only to the flood water accounted for >82% of the weed control and biomass reduction achieved when benzobicyclon was applied to flood water and foliage simultaneously. The second experiment concentrated on adjuvant type and benzobicyclon efficacy when applied to foliage and flood water simultaneously. At 28 days after treatment, benzobicyclon alone at 371 g ai ha−1 provided 29% and 67% control of three- to five-leaf barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop, respectively. The inclusion of any adjuvant significantly increased control, with MSO providing near-complete control of barnyardgrass and Amazon sprangletop. Furthermore, we used the physiochemical properties of benzobicyclon and benzobicyclon hydrolysate to derive theories to explain the complex activity of benzobicyclon observed in our study and in field trials. Benzobicyclon applications should contain an oil-based adjuvant and must be applied to flooded rice fields for optimal activity.

DINITROANILINE HERBICIDES FOR GRASSY WEED CONTROL IN RAPESEED

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. P. CHOW
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Five substituted dinitroaniline herbicides applied as preplanting soil incorporation treatments were evaluated in six field experiments in 1971, 1973, and 1974 for controlling green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.), and for tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. and B. napus L.). In these experiments, A-820 (N-sec-butyl-4-tert-butyl-2,6-dinitroapiline) had the least activity, while dinitramine (N4,N4-diethyl-α,α,α,-trifluoro-3,5-dinitrotoluene-2,4-diamine) had the greatest activity, and in some tests injured germinating rapeseed, resulting in thinned stands and reduced yield. The activity of fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoro-methyl) aniline] and profluralin [N(cyclopropyl-methyl)-α,α,α-trifluro-2, 6-dinitro-N-propyl-p-toluidine] was slightly weaker than that of trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). All these herbicides gave good control of green foxtail and wild oats. In 1971, due to low populations of green foxtail, good weed control did not give rapeseed yield increases. In 1973, under normal climatic conditions, rapeseed yields were increased significantly when the application of dinitramine, fluchloralin, profluralin, and trifluralin controlled green foxtail and wild oats successfully. In 1974, under drought conditions, good weed control from four dinitroanilines and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl) diisopropylthiocarbamate] was not reflected in significant yield increases although profluralin gave a significant yield increase in one test. Disc soil incorporation (7.5–10 cm deep) of dinitramine and trifluralin gave slightly better weed control and higher, though not significant, yield increases than harrow soil incorporation (2.5–5 cm deep).

scholarly journals Measures of weed control by means of environmentally friendly technologies in summer-autumn period

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
O. Kurdiukova ◽  
O. Tyshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Autumn Period ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Weed Infestation

Goal. To select criteria for optimal solutions for calculating techniques of effective control of weeds in the summer-autumn period, taking into account their biological groups, the level of weed infestation and harmfulness. Methods. The experiments were carried out in a stationary field crop rotation, laid down in 2010. Carrying out the experiment and determining weed infestation was performed according to generally accepted methods. To process data and criteria for optimal combinations of weed control methods, the calculation method was used. Results. The essence of the optimal solution for controlling weeds in the summer-autumn period is as follows. The period of time, during which effective control of weeds can be carried out is determined. This is the period from harvesting the crop to the end of the weed growing season. The number of possible agro-technical technique of control is taken into account. It is assumed that for the emergence of annual seedlings or the restoration of the organs of vegetative propagation of perennial weeds, an average of 15 days is required. The possible harm in the given field of various biological groups of weeds is calculated in points by multiplying the actual weed infestation in points by the value of their harmfulness by rank. A table is compiled of the ranks of the effectiveness of agro-technical control techniques for each biological group of weeds. The most effective individual weed control techniques or their combination are selected. Each technique or combination thereof is evaluated and summing up the results; effective methods for controlling weeds are determined by indicators of the least residual damage. In order to determine the reasonability of increasing the number of agricultural practices, the conditional weed harm score is calculated by dividing the sum of the results by the square of the number of techniques. A decrease in the conditional score with an increase in the number of agro-technical measures shows that a further increase in the number of weed control methods is impractical. Conclusions. In the system of ecologically safe farming, the main attention in the weed control system belongs to summer-autumn agro-technical techniques. Calculation of such weed control in specific soil and climatic conditions can significantly increase the effectiveness of both individual agricultural methods and their combinations.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE DA APLICAÇÃO DE INSETICIDA NA CULTURA DA SOJA REALIZADA EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS E OPERACIONAIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Nelson Cristiano Weber ◽  
Eloá Matos dos Santos Matos Dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Russini ◽  
Fernando Felisberto Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Grain Crop

QUALIDADE DA APLICAÇÃO DE INSETICIDA NA CULTURA DA SOJA REALIZADA EM DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES CLIMÁTICAS E OPERACIONAIS   NELSON CRISTIANO WEBER¹; ELOÁ MATOS DOS SANTOS²; ALEXANDRE RUSSINI²; FERNANDO FELISBERTO DA SILVA³   ¹Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Agronomia, 91540-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. [email protected]. ² Campus Itaqui, Universidade Federal do Pampa. Av. Luiz Joaquim de Sá Brito, s/n. Promorar, 97650-000, Itaqui, RS, Brasil., [email protected]; [email protected]. ³ Campus São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa. Av. Antonio Trilha, 1847, São Clemente, 97300-000, São Gabriel, RS, Brasil. [email protected].   RESUMO: A soja (Glycine max) é a principal cultura produzida no Brasil e líder na comercialização de agrotóxicos, sendo que, a tecnologia de aplicação empregada na utilização destes, desempenha fundamental importância na qualidade e segurança dos produtos agrícolas produzidos, no entanto, muitas vezes é limitada por condições climáticas que comprometem o controle esperado. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a qualidade da aplicação de inseticida realizada em soja, sob diferentes condições climáticas e operacionais. O estudo foi conduzido em lavoura comercial de soja no município de Itaqui/RS durante a safra 2014/15. Foram realizadas aplicações às 10, 14 e 18 horas, nas pressões de 20, 35 e 50 lbs.pol-2 com e sem óleo mineral. A deposição da calda foi avaliada com cartões hidrossensíveis e processados pelo software Gotas. Os parâmetros analisados foram número de gotas, classes de diâmetros, densidade de gotas e diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV). Os resultados demonstraram que as condições climáticas menos adequadas para aplicação foram às 14h, sendo que a associação de maiores pressões de trabalho com a utilização do óleo mineral, possibilitaram aumento do número e de densidade de gotas, bem como aumentaram a uniformidade da distribuição de gotas no dossel, possibilitando incremento dos parâmetros avaliados sob condições inadequadas.   Palavras-chaves: tecnologia de aplicação, defesa fitossanitária, agrotóxicos, Glycine max.   QUALITY OF SOYBEAN INSECTICIDES APPLIED IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC AND OPERATING CONDITIONS   ABSTRACT: Soybean is one of the main grain crop production in Brazil, this way  is featured in phytosanitary products use for the pests control. The application technology used have important role in quality and safety of agricultural products, as well as environmental and human. The climatic conditions perform great influence on quality of application, thus indicating its safety and effectiveness of control. The aim of this work was to evaluate the soybean insecticide application quality , in different climatic and operating conditions. The study was conducted in commercial tillage in Itaqui/RS, during 2014/15 season. The applications were performed on 10 AM, 2 PM and 6 PM, with 20, 35 and 50 lbs.pol-2 pressure, with and without mineral oil. The spray deposition was evaluated with hidrosensible cards and processed by Gotas software. The evaluated parameters were drops number, diameter classes, drops density and mean volumetric diameter (MVD). The results showed that 2 PM was the situation less suitable climatic conditions for application; the association of higher pressures with mineral oil, allowed to increase the number and density of droplets, as well as the drops distribution uniformity  in canopy, allowing the  parameters evaluation under inadequate conditions.   Keywords: Application technology, Phytosanitary defense, Pesticides, Glycine max

scholarly journals Parthenium hysterophorus Herbage Mulching: a Potential Source of Weeds Control in Soybean (Glycine max)

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. SIDDIQUI ◽  
S. KHALID ◽  
M. SHEHZAD ◽  
Z.A. SHAH ◽  
A. AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Weeds Control ◽  
Weight Number

ABSTRACT: Weeds have indirect effects on crop plants. Crop development is affected by allelopathy from certain weed species. Allelochemicals from allelopathic weeds can disturb the root and shoot growth of emerging crop seedlings, as well as cause several other types of damage. A study was carried out to investigate the allelopathic potential of Parthenium hysterophorus for weed response in soybean. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangements and replicated thrice. Sowing methods (broadcast and line sowing) were kept in the main plot and mulching treatments (surface mulching and soil incorporation) were kept in the sub-plots. Mulching of Parthenium hysterophorus was applied at the rate of 1.0 t ha-1, 2.5 t ha-1, 5 t ha-1 with control (no parthenium). Manual weed control was also used as treatments. The results revealed that significantly higher shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weigh, root dry weight, number of nodules per plant, nodules fresh and dry weight, number of branches, number of pods per plant, thousand seed weight biological yield, economic yield, dry matter yield and harvest index were recorded with the soil incorporation of Parthenium herbage at the rate of 2.5 t ha-1. Maximum weed density and weed dry biomass were recorded in control plots while weed control efficiency was seen greater in plots where Parthenium herbage was applied to surface at the rate of 5 t ha-1. The results suggested that the use of Parthenium hysterophorus herbage mulching can reduce infestation of weeds by its allelopathic effects and increase the yield of soybean under sub-humid agro-climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of terbutryne (Igran 50) on choline content in the grain of some winter wheat varieties

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Renata Ciszewska ◽  
Anna Sykut
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The influence of terbutryne (Igran 50) on the accumulation of choline in the grain of three winter wheat varieties ('Holme', 'Kranich', 'Winetou') was investigated in field experiments in the years 1977-1979. Igran 50 (50% S. A.) was applied to the soil in a weed control dose (4 kg/ha). Differences in choline content were found in the grain of the investigated wheat varieties. After application of the herbicide an insignificant decrease of the determined compound content was noted. These changes were dependent on the varieties of wheat and the meteorological conditions of plant vegetation. The climatic conditions, exercised a greater influence on the choline content in grain than the applied herbicide. For this reason it appears from the agricultural point of view that the effect of terbutryne provoking only an insignificant decrease of the determined compound content in the investigated material is of no greater practical importance.

scholarly journals Effect of Spray Application Technique on Spray Deposition and Losses in a Greenhouse Vegetable Nursery

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7052
Author(s):  
Sabina Failla ◽  
Elio Romano
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable ◽  
Spray Gun

The cultivation of vegetables in greenhouses requires seedlings produced in nurseries with high levels of practice specialisation. The nurseries are dedicated to the early stages of growth, from sowing to the first leaves. There, the seeding density and the hydro-climatic conditions favour diseases. Plant protection treatments are carried out with the use of low-cost machines, whose efficiencies and safety conditions depend on the workers’ ability. The irrigation system with a mechanised horizontal spray boom could be an alternative solution to the hand-held spray gun. This research aimed to investigate the use of a horizontal boom sprayer for the distribution of pesticides in different pressure conditions and forward speeds compared with a spray gun, in relation to tomato growth stages. The tests were carried out on tomato seedlings grown in polystyrene seeding boxes and arranged on hanging benches. Deposits on the seedlings (µL cm−2) and losses in the soil (µL cm−2) were assessed by means of standard colorimetric analysis. In order to reduce the environmental pollution and increase the sustainability of the treatments, the pressure at the horizontal spray boom should be reduced and the arrangement of the outermost nozzles may also be better set on the boom.

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