Effect of temperature on the formation of volatile by‐products in brewing by immobilized cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Bardi ◽  
M. Soupioni ◽  
A.A. Koutinas ◽  
M. Kanellaki
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on o-cresol methylation in a fluidized bed of commercial iron-chromium catalyst TZC-3/1

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Berkowicz ◽  
Witold Żukowski ◽  
Jerzy Baron
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Chromium Catalyst ◽  
On Line ◽  
Commercial Iron ◽  
By Products ◽  
Iron Chromium

Abstract The paper presents the results of the synthesis of 2,6-dimetyhlphenol (26DMP) from o-cresol. The target compound is an important substrate for polymer chemistry. Due to a large amount of o-cresol which is generated as a by-product, during the synthesis of 2,6-dimethylphenol from phenol, the methylation of o-cresol to 2,6-dimethylphenol should be examined as a separate process. The alkylation of o-cresol was carried out in a fluidized bed of commercial iron-chromium catalyst TZC-3/1. Undesirable decomposition of methyl alcohol on the catalyst generates a number of environmentally dangerous by-products such as methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide. The effect of temperature on the yield of the synthesis was investigated. The synthesis process was monitored on-line in the temperature range 310-380°C, completely covering the maximum efficiency of the process. Online analysis of the process by FTIR spectroscopy gave information about products of both methylation of o-cresol and pyrolysis of methanol. The maximum 85% yield of desired 2,6-dimethylphenol with more than 85% conversion of o-cresol was achieved at 340°C, at 1:6 molar ratio of o-cresol:methanol

scholarly journals Effect of temperature and moisture contents on dielectric properties at 2.45 GHz of fruit and vegetable processing by-products

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 16783-16790
Author(s):  
Katalin Solyom ◽  
Pilar Rosales Lopez ◽  
Patricia Esquivel ◽  
Ana Lucia ◽  
Vásquez-Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Waste Composition ◽  
By Products

If processing alters the food-waste composition, dielectric properties are affected and need to be determined for efficient microwave processes.

scholarly journals Correction: Effect of temperature and moisture contents on dielectric properties at 2.45 GHz of fruit and vegetable processing by-products

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 19088-19088
Author(s):  
Katalin Solyom ◽  
Pilar Rosales López ◽  
Patricia Esquivel ◽  
Ana Lucía Vásquez-Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Correction Effect ◽  
By Products

Correction for ‘Effect of temperature and moisture contents on dielectric properties at 2.45 GHz of fruit and vegetable processing by-products’ by Katalin Solyom et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 16783–16790, DOI: 10.1039/C9RA10639A.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Hydrothermal Processing of Melon by-Products for the Recovery of Bioactive Pectic-Oligosaccharides

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1702
Author(s):  
Xiana Rico ◽  
Beatriz Gullón ◽  
Remedios Yáñez
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Hydrothermal Processing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
By Products

Melon by-products, that currently lack high value-added applications, could be a sustainable source of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides and antioxidants. In this work, melon peels were extracted with water to remove free sugars, and the water-insoluble solids (WISs) were subjected to hydrothermal processing. The effect of temperature on the composition of the obtained liquors and their total phenolic content was evaluated. The selected liquors were also characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC–PAD), and its phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS). In addition, the spent solids from the hydrothermal treatment were characterized and their potential use was assessed. At the optimal conditions of 140 °C (severity 2.03), the total oligosaccharide yield accounted for 15.24 g/100 g WIS, of which 10.07 g/100 g WIS were oligogalacturonides. The structural characterization confirmed the presence of partially methyl esterified oligogalacturonides with a wide range of polymerization degrees. After precipitation, 16.59 g/100 g WIS of pectin were recovered, with a galacturonic acid content of 55.41% and high linearity.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Acidogenic Fermentation of Cellobiose by Immobilized Cells: Prediction of Organic Acids Production by Response Surface Methodology

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Panagiota Tsafrakidou ◽  
Konstantina Tsigkou ◽  
Argyro Bekatorou ◽  
Maria Kanellaki ◽  
Athanasios A. Koutinas
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Acidogenic Fermentation ◽  
Initial Ph

Response surface methodology was used to derive a prediction model for organic acids production by anaerobic acidogenic fermentation of cellobiose, using a mixed culture immobilized on γ-alumina. Three parameters (substrate concentration, temperature, and initial pH) were evaluated. In order to determine the limits of the parameters, preliminary experiments at 37 °C were conducted using substrates of various cellobiose concentrations and pH values. Cellobiose was used as a model sugar for subsequent experiments with lignocellulosic biomass. The culture was well adapted to cellobiose by successive subculturing at 37 °C in synthetic media (with 100:5:1 COD:N:P ratio). The experimental data of successive batch fermentations were fitted into a polynomial model for the total organic acids concentration in order to derive a predictive model that could be utilized as a tool to predict fermentation results when lignocellulosic biomass is used as a substrate. The quadratic effect of temperature was the most significant, followed by the quadratic effect of initial pH and the linear effect of cellobiose concentration. The results corroborated the validity and effectiveness of the model.

scholarly journals Activity of α-amylase Produced by Aspergillus niger at Different pH, Temperature and Incubation Time Using Solid-state Fermentation Process of Corn and Wheat Wastes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Musa Sale Makeri ◽  
Muntari Bala ◽  
Solomon Peter Wante ◽  
Kwaya Vawanje Bitrus ◽  
Habiba Usman Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
By Products

In Nigeria, agro by-products have not been fully utilized by many and often discarded at the dumping site. This anthropogenic activity is contributing to an increase in pollution and is a threat to public health. Environmental sustainability requires the wise use of resources that include agro by-products. Therefore, there is a need to utilize the agro by-product for the production of enzymes such as α-amylase. α -amylase is one of the important extracellular enzymes with several uses. The development of suitable technology to produce enzymes at a very lower cost is significant. The solid-state fermentation (SSF) process using corn and wheat wastes as a substrate have been utilized. In this study, Aspergillus niger from abattoir effluent was identified, isolated and used for the production of an enzyme (α-amylase). The study evaluated the effect of temperature, pH and incubation period on the activities of α-amylase produced by Aspergillus niger. The activity of α-amylase was found to be higher at pH 6.5 and temperature above 50oC. At 4 days incubation of the solid-state fermentation of corn and wheat wastes, α-amylase activities produced were 90.61 Unit/mL and 87.34 Unit/mL respectively. Also in this study, 3-dimensional presentation of the pH, temperature and incubation time were evaluated. The result presented an optimal condition for amylase activity produced by Aspergillus niger.

scholarly journals Valorization of winery and distillery by-products by hydrothermal carbonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Barbanera ◽  
Alessandro Cardarelli ◽  
Eleonora Carota ◽  
Marco Castellini ◽  
Tommaso Giannoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solid Biofuel ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
By Products

AbstractThis work aims at finding an alternative strategy to manage the waste generated by the winemaking industry to obtain a solid biofuel and phenolic compounds. The effect of temperature (180–260 °C), residence time (1–7 h), and biomass-to-liquid ratio (0.05–0.25) on the co-hydrothermal carbonization of vine pruning and exhausted grape pomace, by using vinasse as moisture source, is studied. The effect of the variables is investigated and optimized using the Box–Behnken design of response surface methodology to maximize mass yield, fuel ratio, energy densification yield and phenols extraction yield and to minimize energy consumption. The statistical analysis shows that the carbonization temperature is a crucial parameter of the process, decreasing the product yield on one hand and improving the quality of hydrochar on the other. At the optimal conditions (246.3 °C, 1.6 h, 0.066), an hydrochar yield of 52.64% and a calorific value of 24.1 MJ/kg were obtained. Moreover, the analysis of the H/C and O/C ratios of hydrochars demonstrates that carbonisation significantly improves the fuel properties of solid biofuel. Liquid by-products obtained from the HTC process are found to contain high concentrations of organic matter but the BOD/COD ratios suggest their potential valorization by biological methods.

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