Apical bud removal increased seed yield in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.

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Impact of foliar nutrient sprays, crop and spatial manipulation on seed yield of Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v48i1.47423 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 123-127

Author(s):

Muneeb Ahmad Wani ◽

Ambreena Din ◽

FU Khan ◽

Raiz Ahmed Lone ◽

Gazanfer Gani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Planting Density ◽

Apical Bud ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Foliar Nutrient ◽

Plant Densities ◽

China Aster

An attempt was made to study the effect of pinching, plant densities and foliar nutrient sprays on seed yield and quality parameters in China aster cv. Powder puff. The experiment comprised of two levels of pinching (P0 = No pinching, P1 = Pinching), three planting densities (D1 = 30 plants m-2, D2 = 36 plants m-2 and D3 = 42 plants m-2) and three levels of commercial nutrient sprays (S1= 3 sprays, S2= 4 sprays and S3 = 5 sprays), constituting a total of 18 treatment combinations replicated thrice in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Pinching at visible bud stage, significantly increased 1000 seed weight (2.18 g) and seed yield (490.85 kg/ha), Increasing the planting density resulted in increased seed yield (485.55 kg/ha) and 1000 seed weight (2.05 g). On the other hand, 4 and 5 nutrient sprays significantly improved seed yield (463.12 kg/ha-) and 1000 seed weight (1.95 g). The results from the study suggest that increased branching with apical bud removal, wider planting space and 4 to 5 foliar applications of multi-nutrient sprays, significantly improves seed yield and quality attributes of transplanted China aster. While suggesting the best combination of pinching, spacing and nutrient sprays, the economics of flower production was duly considered.

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Influence of Terminal Bud Removal on the Growth and Seed Yield of Soybeans 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800050004x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 709-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. E. Bauer ◽

J. W. Pendleton ◽

J. E. Beuerlein ◽

S. R. Ghorashy

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Terminal Bud ◽

Bud Removal

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The effect of N and P fertilization on growth, seed yield and quality of industrial hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p04-022 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 939-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. L. Vera ◽

S. S. Malhi ◽

J. P. Raney ◽

Z. H. Wang

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Seed Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Seed Protein Content ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has sparked renewed interest in western Canada in recent years, and there is very little research information available on its fertilizer requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of surface-broadcast ammonium nitrate and seedrow placed monoammonium phosphate fertilizers on the production and seed quality attributes of industrial hemp (cv. Fasamo and Finola). Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, in 2000, 2001 and 2002. Increasing N rates significantly increased plant height, biomass, seed yield and seed protein content of hemp in all years. Seed-applied P fertilizer increased plant height in all years, and biomass in 2000, but reduced plant density, biomass and seed yield in 2001 and 2002. Finola consistently had lower plant height, earlier maturity, heavier seeds, and higher seed yield, seed protein content and seed oil content than Fasamo. The average amount of nitrate-N in the 0–60 cm soil was 40 kg N ha-1. Seed yield kg-1 of N was 9.4, 5.9, 4.5 and 3.7 kg ha-1 for Fasamo, and 10.6, 7.7, 6.0 and 4.5 kg ha-1 for Finola, respectively, at 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of soil plus fertilizer N. Key words: Fertilizer, hemp, nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall, soil extractable P, soil nitrate-N, cultivars

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Characterisation and evaluation of morphological trials, biological features and seed yield of 23 flax accessions (Linum usitatissimum L.) of different geographical origins

Herba Polonica ◽

10.2478/hepo-2018-0019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Grażyna Silska ◽

Jan Bocianowski

Keyword(s):

Genetic Resources ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Field Trials ◽

Convention On Biological Diversity ◽

Biological Features ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Lateral Branches

Summary Introduction: The Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants (INF&MP) is involved in the protection of the genetic resources of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). In 1998–2000, the INF&MP conducted research titled “Collection and evaluation of flax and hemp cultivars and ecotypes”. Poland participates in the programme, financed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development because our country has signed the Convention on Biological Diversity. Objective: The objective of the research was the evaluation of the genetic resources of 23 accessions of flax. The characteristics data for flax accessions are presented according to traditional methodology and according to the methodology for developing the International Flax Data Base. Methods: Field trials were carried out in 1998–2000 in the experimental station in Wojciechów, located in the Opolskie region. The objective was to evaluate the morphological traits, biological features and seed yield of 23 accessions of flax. The research included the following genotypes of Linum usitatissimum L. according to type of use: 12 linseed varieties, three landraces, one accession of unknown type of use, six fibre varieties and one genotype of both types of use. Results: The total plant length of Linum was short for 12 accessions of flax, medium short (7) and medium (4). The technical length was short (17 accessions), medium short (3) and medium (3). The stem thickness for all accessions was medium, i.e. between 1.2 and 2.0 mm. The panicle length was short (12 accessions), medium (10) and long (1). A number of primary lateral branches of the stems of all flax accessions was medium (4–8 branches). The 1000 seed weight was low for 21 accessions of flax and very low in two genotypes: Currong and UKR 97 104. The size of the corolla (flower) was small (9), medium (12) and large (2) – varieties: Martin and Maxigold. The petal colour of the corolla was blue (11), light blue (8) and white (4) – Crystal, Hella, Kreola, Achay. Conclusions: Morphological characterisation of the stamen showed that accession K-1390 was segregating because the anther colour was bluish and greish. The highest resistance to lodging was observed for Abby, Peak and Olinette. The following accessions of flax were very resistant to Fusarium: Martin, UKR 97269, Kijewskij and Ukraińskij 3; resistant to Fusarium: Abby, Peak, Olinette, Crystal, Gold Merchant, Currong and Ukraińskij 2. The following varieties were very susceptible to Fusarium: Hella, Kreola, Maxigold and Achay. These varieties should not be used for cross breeding. The best average seed yield in 1998–2000 in Wojciechów was found in the following accessions of flax: Abby (191%), Gold Merchant (162%), Currong (161%), Olinette (151%), PEAK (148%), UKR 97269 (148%), Crystal (138%), Ukraiński 3 (132%), Martin (130%), Pacific (110%) and Ukraiński 2 (103%). These varieties are particularly valuable for flax breeders.

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The effect of plant density, date of apical bud removal and leaf removal on the growth and yield of single-harvest Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera D.C.): II. Variation in bud size

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600026976 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 489-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

N. M. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Plant Density ◽

Size Fraction ◽

Size Variation ◽

Plant Variation ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Apical Bud ◽

Bud Size ◽

The Mean ◽

Bud Removal

SummaryA method is suggested for estimating the mean bud size and standard deviation of a sample of sprout buds, separated into size grades by the use of riddles. From the standard deviation a potential size fraction is estimated, being the fraction of the buds occurring in a size grade of 10 mm width if the mean bud size were located at the mid-point of the grade. This estimate of bud size uniformity was independent of date of sampling for a period of at least 4 weeks.The potential size fraction was increased by stopping (apical bud removal) and in some cultivars an optimum stopping date was indicated. Increased plant density also increased the potential size fraction, particularly in unstopped crops. Between-plant variation in bud size was significantly greater for the hybrid Thor than the outpollinating Seven Bills but within-plant variation was the more important component of overall bud size variation and was greatly reduced by stopping and by increased plant density in unstopped crops. Mean bud size at any harvest date was increased by early stopping and lower plant density.It is concluded that the date of stopping should be chosen to minimize bud size variation and the plant density varied to spread maturity.

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A comparative study of seed yield and oil composition of four cultivars of Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown from three regions in northern Iran

Industrial Crops and Products ◽

10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112397 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 112397 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mahnaz Abdollahi ◽

Fatemeh Sefidkon ◽

Mohsen Calagari ◽

Amir Mousavi ◽

Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Northern Iran

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EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST DOSES ON CANABIS SATIVA PHOTOSYNTHESIS-RELATED PARAMETERS, GROWTH AND YIELD

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2021vol1.6582 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 237-243

Author(s):

Veneranda Stramkale ◽

Gederts Ievinsh ◽

Māra Vikmane ◽

Agnese Kirse ◽

Ieva Kroica

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Physiological Condition ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Small Scale

Hemp, Cannabis sativa is certainly a multifunctional as well as a niche crop, due to great potential for innovative use of its different products. Aspects of hemp mineral nutrition are very important in the cultivation of these plants, in particular to make cultivation environmentally friendly by replacing synthetic fertilizers with organic ones. Among organic fertilizers, vermicompost has gained particular attention within the last decades. Explaining the role of vermicompost, this study evaluated the effects of different doses of this fertilizer on hemps in two separate field studies. In a small-scale field experiment, the effect of two doses of vermicompost and adequate concentrations of mineral elements fertilizers the growth, physiological condition, as well as yield of hemp was compared. The effect of increasing doses of vermicompost on the physiological condition and yield of hemp was analysed in a broader field experiment. The experiments were performed at the Viļāni Scientific Centre of the Agricultural Resources and Economics, in 2017 and 2018, using the Latvian hemp cultivar ‘Pūriņi’. For the experiments, certified vermicompost produced by ‘Eko Zeme’ (Latvia) was used, which was produced from composted cow manure by adding grass biomass. In field experiment, the positive effect of vermicompost on hemp growth was greater than the effect of equivalent mineral fertilizer concentrations. When using vermicompost in increasing doses, better hemp growth (40–60 %) was observed at 5 and 10 t ha-1, stem yield increased on average by 40 % due vermicompost, seed yield ranging from 1.00 t ha-1 in control plants, to 1.56 t ha-1 in 20 t ha-1 in plants treated with 20 t ha–1 vermicompost plants. The weight of 1000 seeds per plant in all variants (from 13.54 to 13.85 g) was relatively close to the indicated maximum level (14.59 g). A statistically significant increase in chlorophyll concentration in plant leaves was observed under the influence of vermicompost. The increase in the Performance Index of the chlorophyll a fluorescence measurement was only for plants in individual experimental variants; regardless of how significant the increase in stem and seed yield was due to the respective doses of vermicompost. In general, the results characterize the growth of hemp in local agroclimatic conditions and allow to expect a stable increase in yield under the influence of vermicompost.

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Fibre and Seed Productivity of Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Varieties under Mediterranean Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Eleni Tsaliki ◽

Apostolos Kalivas ◽

Zofija Jankauskiene ◽

Maria Irakli ◽

Catherine Cook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Fibre Strength ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Northern Greece ◽

Hemp Seed ◽

Stem Biomass ◽

Industrial Hemp ◽

Mediterranean Conditions

Farmers’ interest in renewable raw materials such as hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fibres has recently increased, but hemp productivity is strongly affected by genotype and environment conditions. A 3-year field experiment was conducted under Mediterranean environment in northern Greece to evaluate the productivity (regarding fibres and seeds) of six monoecious hemp varieties. The vars. Futura 75 and Bialobrzeskie provided the greatest (p < 0.01) fibre productivity (4.57 and 4.27 t ha−1, respectively), which were 77.1% and 65.5%, respectively, greater than that of the least productive var. Fedora 17. However, the vars. Santhica 27, Tygra and Bialobrzeskie provided the highest (p < 0.05) seed yield (2.7, 2.9 and 2.6 t ha−1, respectively), which were 28.6%, 38.1% and 23.8%, respectively, greater than that of the least productive var. Futura 75. Hemp fibre yield was strongly positively correlated with total biomass (R2 = 0.8612) and stem biomass yield (R2 = 0.9742), while it was inversely correlated with fibre strength (R2 = 0.424). Hemp seed yield was not correlated with the hemp plant density, height, total biomass or stem biomass yield. The six hemp genotypes evaluated in the study had Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content lower than 0.2% satisfying the European legislation requirements for industrial hemp varieties. The results of the study indicated that, under Mediterranean conditions (northern Greece), the var. Bialobrzeskie showed high productivity, as averaged across years, for both fibres and seeds. This result is very helpful for farmers which should prefer hemp varieties of dual-purpose production (stems and inflorescences or stems and seeds) adapted best to their local environment.

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Performance and Stability of Different Monoecious Hemp Cultivars in a Multi-Environments Trial in North-Eastern Italy

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071424 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1424

Author(s):

Claudio Ferfuia ◽

Fabio Zuliani ◽

Francesco Danuso ◽

Barbara Piani ◽

Costantino Cattivello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Stability Index ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Mediterranean Area ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

North Eastern ◽

Grain Filling Period ◽

The Stability

The seed yield in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is strongly influenced, besides by genotype, by environment and the genotype x environment interaction, so establishing the fitness and stability of hemp cultivars in multiple environments is necessary. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance and degree of stability and variance of seed yield, the main related traits, and the correlation among the traits in five hemp monoecious cultivars cultivated in six different environments. The environments resulted from the combination of four locations, two years, and two delayed sowings in a Mediterranean area of north-eastern Italy, and the stability index of the weighted average of absolute scores (WAAS) was used in order to identify the most productive and stable genotypes on the basis of their deviation from the average performance across environments. In this studied area, early varieties, such as Fedora and Felina, proved to be the best performing and stable for seed yield and both increased their yield in correspondence to delayed sowing times, opening up the possibility of cultivating hemp as a second crop. Among the climate parameters, high temperatures during the early grain filling period led to a progressive decrease in seed yield. For a dual-purpose crop, a good compromise could be a late monoecious cultivar (like Futura, in the present experiment), which, if sown early, could certainly provide notable biomass production and acceptable seed yield.

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