A Socio-Historical Approach to the Professionalisation of Sporting Occupations in Hungary during the First Decades of the Twentieth Century: the Coach

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Bodnár ◽  
Szilvia Perényi
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Approach

The Reception of Thomas Aquinas by Neo-Scholastic Philosophers in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-391
Author(s):  
Bernard N. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Philosophical Reflection ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Arena ◽  
The University

Thomism at the beginning of the twentieth century was situated largely within the context of the secular university that regarded medieval thought as nothing more than an archaic system belonging to a period devoid of philosophical reflection. The renewal of Thomism during the first two decades of the twentieth century was of very little concern to most academics and was marked principally by a debate, often polemical, over the theory of knowledge launched by Blondel. The Thomists of the period between the two world wars wanted to bring Thomism to the university scene and into the public arena by addressing contemporary questions in terms provided by Thomas Aquinas, while affirming that philosophy gains in depth and strength when it is rooted in theology and faith. Gilson developed a historical approach of medieval philosophy and theology, while Maritain and Pieper proposed to rethink contemporary problems analytically according to the method of Thomas Aquinas.

THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE SECTOR IN ESTONIA - A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO A CONTEMPORARY TRANSITION

1996 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARI LIUHTO
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Reverse Transformation ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article analyses the transition of the Estonian enterprise sector in the twentieth century. The starting shot was first fired for the transformation of the Estonian enterprise sector when the country gained its independence from the Russian Empire in 1918. The independence was followed by a 20-year-long transformation of the enterprise sector, which was, however, ended by the Estonian annexation to the Soviet Union in 1939. The incorporation of Estonia to the Soviet Union signified the beginning of a completely reverse transformation. The third important period of transformation in the Estonian enterprise sector began at the end of 1991 when Estonia separated from the disintegrating Soviet Union. The purpose of this article is to describe these periods mentioned above and draw a summarized comparison between the first and the present transformation. Integrating a historical approach to this contemporary transformation may facilitate in comprehending the present trends of development and even predict the future.

scholarly journals THE ROOTS OF TRADITIONAL ISLAM IN MODERNIST MUSLIM WORKS: K.H. Aceng Zakaria and the Intellectual Tradition of Pesantren

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-291
Author(s):  
Jajang A Rohmana
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual Tradition ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic Science ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Traditional Islam ◽  
Historical Life

One of characters of modernist Islam organization in Indonesia is the opposition to traditionalist Islam practices. Initially, the modernist Islam activist also learned in the traditional Islam culture before they turned around. This study focuses on the roots of the traditional Islam among the modernist Islam organization activists, Islamic Union (Persatuan Islam/PERSIS). The study object is the historical life of the PERSIS chairman, Aceng Zakaria and his magnum opus works, al-Muyassar fî ‘Ilm al-Naḥw and al-Hidâyah fî Masâ’il Fiqh Muta‘âriḍah. Through a socio-intellectual historical approach, the study shows that the Islamic intellectual tradition of the modernist activists is inseparable from the learning of traditional pesantren. Aceng Zakaria, as a PERSIS ulama, originally learned at the traditional pesantren in the mid-twentieth century. The roots of traditional Islamic science influences his intellectual career which was reflected in his works. Both books, Arabic grammar al-Muyassar and fiqh discourse al-Hidâyah demonstrate his connectivity to the intellectual of traditional pesantren. However, Aceng Zakaria, as a modernist and reformist ulama, also modified his explanation systematically and practically. This shows that the genealogy of intellectual tradition of pesantren has an important position in supporting the development of reformist Islamic ideas in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Crossing the Green Line: Frontier, environment and the role of bandeirantes in the conquering of Brazilian territory

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterling Evans ◽  
Sandro Dutra e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
Colonial Brazil

This article’s objective is to present, via bibliographic research, the territorial makeup of colonial Brazil (1500-1822) and the Brazilian historical approach at the beginning of the twentieth century that sought to relate questions and concepts of frontier, territoriality, and nature in the historic role of the bandeirante movement. The goal here is to address territorial and geographic questions, but also environmental ones, based on historical geography, and to present arguments that fall in the nexus between history and nature in the debate on Brazilian territorial expansion. The text is grounded in classical works, and works by renown authors on this topic, but we also include discussion of less well known sources. The intent is to identify how the theme of bandeirantes and Brazilian westward expansion can be analyzed differently in the pertinent specialized historical literature.

scholarly journals Chronometers and Units in Early Archaeology and Paleontology

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lee Lyman ◽  
Michael J. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Similar Notion

Early in the nineteenth century, geologist Charles Lyell reasoned that successively older faunas would contain progressively more extinct species and younger faunas relatively more extant species. The present, with one-hundred percent extant species, was the chronological anchor. In archaeology a similar notion underpins the direct historical approach: Successively older cultures will contain progressively fewer of the cultural traits found in extant cultures and relatively more prehistoric traits. As in Lyell’s scheme, the chronological anchor is the present. When A. L. Kroeber invented frequency seriation in the second decade of the twentieth century, he retained the present as a chronological anchor but reasoned that the oldest cultural manifestation would contain the highest percentage of a variant, or what came to be known as a "style," of an ancient trait, and successively younger cultural manifestations would have progressively lower percentages of that variant. The principle of overlapping permitted building sequences of fossils and artifacts, but differences in the units that allowed the chronometers to be operationalized reveal significant epistemological variation in how historical research is undertaken. This variation should be of considerable interest to paleobiologists and archaeologists alike, especially given recent archaeological interest in creating and explaining historical lineages of artifacts.

The Measure of a Magazine: Assessing the Influence of the Christian Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elesha Coffman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Twentieth Anniversary ◽  
Christian Century

AbstractThe Christian Century is generally regarded as the most influential Protestant magazine of the early twentieth century. But what does it mean to call the Century influential? Whom did it influence, and how? This article takes a historical approach, examining the size of the Century's audience, the nature of the magazine's impact on its readers, and the ability of those readers to extend the magazine's impact beyond themselves. The main source for this investigation is a cache of more than 2,100 unpublished letters collected in 1928 to celebrate Charles Clayton Morrison's twentieth anniversary as editor. In subscribers' own words, the letters illustrated the Century's role as a crucial link among readers with similar backgrounds and aspirations, as well as the limits of its reach beyond this cohort. The article argues that the Century was influential, but not because it converted (directly or through its clergy readers) large numbers of American Protestants to its progressive vision for Christianity. Rather, the Century was primarily influential in the process of mainline identification, both in the sense of defining which writers, institutions, and ideas belonged to the emerging mainline tradition and in the sense of offering readers an opportunity to identify with that tradition. A better understanding of the Century's influence during the Morrison era sheds light on the rise of the mainline. Additionally, a better understanding of the kinds of influence magazines do and do not exercise is helpful for anyone who looks to periodicals to provide a barometer of cultural trends.

scholarly journals Tradition of Concubine Holding in Hausa Society (Nigeria), 1900 – 1930

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Mutiat Titilope Oladejo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Female Status ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper examined the tradition of holding women as concubine in Muslim societies of the Hausa. Concubine holding changed the status of women and was acquired by slavery. This paper analysed concubine holding as a phenomenon that challenged female status in Hausa society. It put into perspective, the trajectories of concubine holding from the legends in the tradition of origin. It analysed the rights and privileges accrued to a concubine. And by the beginning of the twentieth century, the question of concubine holding was conveniently desirable under Islamic law and while the British law attempted to change the practices as part of efforts to abolish slavery. Thus, the paper contended that; concubine holding was part of the accepted norms in the sexual notions, which specifically privileged women to change their status and negotiate power in Hausa society. The paper adopted the historical approach by analysing court records, archival materials of the Nigerian National Archives, Kaduna, as well as books and journals relevant to the theme. Keywords: Concubine holding, British law, Islamic law, Hausa society

Maritime entrepreneurs and policy-makers: a historical approach to contemporary economic globalization

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-193
Author(s):  
Espen Ekberg ◽  
Even Lange ◽  
Andreas Nybø
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Maritime Policy ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article adopts a historical approach to examine the role played by maritime entrepreneurs and maritime policy-makers in the unprecedented growth of world trade during the second half of the twentieth century. The purpose is to show how globalization as a macroeconomic process was shaped and sustained by human agency operating within maritime business and maritime politics. For more than two decades, economic globalization has been a major field of study within the social sciences. While providing many valuable insights, this literature tends to approach globalization primarily from a macro-perspective and to treat the process largely in quantitative terms. Through a series of separate historical case studies, this article shows the possibilities of more micro- and meso-oriented analysis, focusing more on processes and transformations than stages and outcomes.

Music in Nineteenth Century Java: A Precursor to the Twentieth Century

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Kartomi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Preliminary Attempt ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Only recently has it become possible to attempt to reconstruct a history of Javanese music in the nineteenth century. The relevant primary and secondary sources, including Javanese poems and treatises, colonial writings and scattered references in various historical tracts are only now beginning to emerge from cold storage to be published, translated, and made more widely available. This article is a preliminary attempt to draw together from them an overview of Javanese music in the nineteenth century, adopting a musicological, cultural and historical approach which is based partly on my own fieldwork over the past twenty years. An understanding of nineteenth century musical developments is clearly important not only in its own right but also as a means of facilitating our comprehension of the contemporary artistic scene.

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