Gender and marital status differences in depressive symptoms among elderly adults: The roles of family support and friend support

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoshan Zhang ◽  
Juan Li
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Friend Support ◽  
Status Differences

scholarly journals Roles of Psychosocial Factors on the Association Between Online Social Networking Use Intensity and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents: Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Bin Li ◽  
Li-Fen Feng ◽  
Anise M S Wu ◽  
Jin-Chen Mai ◽  
Yu-Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Friend Support ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Suppression Effects

BACKGROUND The potential mechanisms underlying the association between online social networking use intensity and depressive symptoms are unclear and underresearched. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the potential roles of interpersonal psychosocial factors on the association between online social networking use intensity and depressive symptoms among early adolescents. METHODS A total of 4237 adolescents from a 9-month longitudinal study were included. Score changes (indicated as △) for the social function use intensity (SFUI) and entertainment function use intensity (EFUI) subscales of the Online Social Networking Activity Intensity Scale and for friendship quality, perceived family support, perceived friend support, parent–adolescent conflict, social nonconfidence, and depressive symptoms were analyzed. The potential mediation effects of unfavorable psychosocial factors and suppression effects of favorable psychosocial factors on the association of △SFUI with △CES-D and the association of △EFUI with △CES-D were tested using hierarchical regression models. RESULTS The association between △SFUI and △CES-D was partially mediated by △mother–adolescent conflict (mediation effect size 5.11%, <i>P</i>=.02) and △social nonconfidence (mediation effect size 20.97%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) but partially suppressed by △friendship quality, △perceived family support, and △perceived friend support, with suppression effects of –0.011 (<i>P</i>=.003), –0.009 (<i>P</i>=.003), and –0.022 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), respectively. The association between △EFUI and △CES-D was partially mediated by △social nonconfidence (mediation effect size 30.65%, <i>P</i>&lt;.001) but partially suppressed by △perceived family support and △perceived friend support, with suppression effects of –0.036 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and –0.039 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The association between online social networking use intensity and depressive symptoms was partially mediated through the indirect increase in social nonconfidence and mother–adolescent conflict; however, better perceived social support and friendship quality would partially compensate for the harmful impact of online social networking use intensity on depressive symptoms among early adolescents.

scholarly journals Roles of Psychosocial Factors on the Association Between Online Social Networking Use Intensity and Depressive Symptoms Among Adolescents: Prospective Cohort Study

10.2196/21316 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. e21316
Author(s):  
Ji-Bin Li ◽  
Li-Fen Feng ◽  
Anise M S Wu ◽  
Jin-Chen Mai ◽  
Yu-Xia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Friend Support ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Suppression Effects

Background The potential mechanisms underlying the association between online social networking use intensity and depressive symptoms are unclear and underresearched. Objective We aimed to investigate the potential roles of interpersonal psychosocial factors on the association between online social networking use intensity and depressive symptoms among early adolescents. Methods A total of 4237 adolescents from a 9-month longitudinal study were included. Score changes (indicated as △) for the social function use intensity (SFUI) and entertainment function use intensity (EFUI) subscales of the Online Social Networking Activity Intensity Scale and for friendship quality, perceived family support, perceived friend support, parent–adolescent conflict, social nonconfidence, and depressive symptoms were analyzed. The potential mediation effects of unfavorable psychosocial factors and suppression effects of favorable psychosocial factors on the association of △SFUI with △CES-D and the association of △EFUI with △CES-D were tested using hierarchical regression models. Results The association between △SFUI and △CES-D was partially mediated by △mother–adolescent conflict (mediation effect size 5.11%, P=.02) and △social nonconfidence (mediation effect size 20.97%, P<.001) but partially suppressed by △friendship quality, △perceived family support, and △perceived friend support, with suppression effects of –0.011 (P=.003), –0.009 (P=.003), and –0.022 (P<.001), respectively. The association between △EFUI and △CES-D was partially mediated by △social nonconfidence (mediation effect size 30.65%, P<.001) but partially suppressed by △perceived family support and △perceived friend support, with suppression effects of –0.036 (P<.001) and –0.039 (P<.001), respectively. Conclusions The association between online social networking use intensity and depressive symptoms was partially mediated through the indirect increase in social nonconfidence and mother–adolescent conflict; however, better perceived social support and friendship quality would partially compensate for the harmful impact of online social networking use intensity on depressive symptoms among early adolescents.

scholarly journals The impact of lockdown policy on depressive symptoms among pregnant women in China: mediating effects of internet use and family support

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Zhou ◽  
Ruoxi Wang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Ting Ding ◽  
Lijuan Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Western China ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although more and more attention has been paid to the psychological consequences of the lockdown policy amongst pregnant women, the underlying mechanism linking the lockdown policy to maternal depression has not been studied in the context of China. This study aimed to explore the association between the lockdown policy and maternal depressive symptoms, and whether such association was mediated by internet use and/or family support. Methods This cross-sectional study used multi-stage sampling techniques in central and western China. Data were collected from 1266 pregnant women using a structtured questionnaire that measured internet use, family support, and depressive symptoms. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure depressive symptoms. Internet use was measured by length of usage and varierity of purpose for internet use. Family support was measureed by spousal support and parental support. The structural equation modelling was employed to conduct mediation analysis to test the specificity of the hypothetical paths. Results Overall, 527 respondents (41.63%) presented depressive symptoms. The lockdown policy was negatively associated with depressive symptoms in pregnant women (β = − 0.925, 95% CI = −1.510, − 0.360). The impact of the lockdown policy on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by internet use (β = 1.589, 95% CI = 0.730, 2.807) and family support (β = − 0.162, 95% CI = − 0.341, − 0.017), accounting for 42.67% of the total effect. Conclusions The lockdown policy was generally associated with fewer depressive symptoms in pregnant women. The lockdown policy increased maternal depressive symptoms through increased internet use, but decreased maternal depressive symptoms through enhanced family support. The findings suggest that the psychological consequence of the lockdown policy may vary across different populations, and warrant the need to take into consideration the features of subgroups.

scholarly journals Loneliness and depression among rural empty-nest elderly adults in Liuyang, China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guojun Wang ◽  
Mi Hu ◽  
Shui-yuan Xiao ◽  
Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Empty Nest ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ObjectiveTo compare loneliness, depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes between empty-nest and not-empty-nest older adults in rural areas of Liuyang city, Hunan, China.MethodsA cross-sectional multi-stage random cluster survey was conducted from November 2011 to April 2012 in Liuyang, China. A total of 839 rural older residents aged 60 or above completed the survey (response rate 97.6%). In line with the definition of empty nest, 25 participants who had no children were excluded from the study, while the remaining 814 elderly adults with at least one child were included for analysis. Loneliness and depressive symptoms in rural elderly parents were assessed using the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Major depressive episodes were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I).ResultsSignificant differences were found between empty-nest and not-empty-nest older adults regarding loneliness (16.19±3.90 vs. 12.87±3.02, Cohen’s d=0.97), depressive symptoms (8.50±6.26 vs. 6.92±5.19, Cohen’s d=0.28) and the prevalence of major depressive episodes (10.1% vs. 4.6%) (all p<0.05). After controlling for demographic characteristics and physical disease, the differences in loneliness, depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes remained significant. Path analysis showed that loneliness mediated the relationship between empty-nest syndrome and depressive symptoms and major depressive episodes.ConclusionLoneliness and depression are more severe among empty-nest than not-empty-nest rural elderly adults. Loneliness was a mediating variable between empty-nest syndrome and depression.

Perceived Family and Friend Support Moderate Pathways From Peer Victimization to Substance Use in Early-Adolescent Girls and Boys: A Moderated-Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Vannucci ◽  
Tessa R. Fagle ◽  
Emily G. Simpson ◽  
Christine McCauley Ohannessian
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Friend Support ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined gender differences in a moderated-mediation model examining whether perceived social support moderated depressive symptom and academic achievement mediation pathways from peer victimization to substance use among 1,334 U.S. early adolescents (11-14 years, 50% girls, 51% White). Surveys were administered in schools at three 6-month intervals. Multiple group analyses suggested that the moderated-mediation model differed for boys and girls. Indirect effects suggested that declines in academic achievement mediated the relationship between peer victimization and substance use for girls and boys, while elevated depressive symptoms mediated this relationship for girls only. Higher family and friend support attenuated the relationship between overt victimization and academic achievement for boys and between relational victimization and depressive symptoms for girls. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for why peer victimization enhances substance use risk and emphasize the importance of perceived support following peer victimization during early adolescence. Gender differences require replication.

scholarly journals Differential Participation of Males and Females in a Computer-Mediated Communication Course

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Communication Course ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Sexist Language ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Status Differences

The narrow bandwidth of computer-mediated communication (CMC) courses reduces status differences, suggesting that men and women will participate equally in course activities. In contrast, gender differences in computing skill, attitude, experience, and family support for students' CMC activities suggest that females will have lower levels of participation. A study of interactions among 15 students enrolled in a graduate course in education found no instances of sexist language or overt exclusionary behaviour. However, women exercised less procedural leadership, had reduced influence on group products, contributed less to the advancement of their group's argument, and overall had fewer productive contributions.

Intergenerational Coresidence and Depressive Symptoms of Rural and Urban Older Adults in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1282-1306
Author(s):  
Jinyu Liu ◽  
Lydia Li ◽  
Zhenmei Zhang ◽  
Hongwei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intergenerational Coresidence

Objectives: This study aimed to examine whether gender and marital status of coresiding adult children are associated with depressive symptoms of Chinese older adults. Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, linear regression analysis was conducted to identify longitudinal associations of intergenerational coresidence with depressive symptoms in rural and urban older Chinese. Results: Both rural and urban older adults living with unmarried sons had significantly higher depressive symptoms at four-year follow-up than those who did not live with children. Living with married sons was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at four-year follow-up among rural elders only. Discussion: This study sheds light on the heterogeneity in the relationship between intergenerational coresidence and Chinese older adults’ psychological well-being by the gender and marital status of coresiding children. Further research is needed to understand the complex and dynamic household structures and health outcomes in later life.

scholarly journals ADMINISTRATIVE INDICATORS OF FAMILY SUPPORT AMONG COMPLEX PATIENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S218-S219
Author(s):  
Elvira E Jimenez ◽  
Ranak Trivedi ◽  
Alexis Huynh ◽  
Taona Haderlein ◽  
Marian Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Abstract Greater access to family support has been shown to positively affect the management of complex patients (i.e., multiple chronic conditions and psychosocial needs). However, patients’ availability of family support is not easily obtainable from medical records. We aim to identify administrative variables that can be used as indicators of family support. We investigated secondary next-of-kin (i.e., patient identified two next-of-kin) and marital status as administratively defined family support availability in a Veteran sample (n=2210). A subsample (n=329) was further evaluated with documented responses to questions “Are there any friends/family members you would like to involve in any aspect of your health care?” (i.e., “actual availability”) and “Does anyone help you with your daily activities?” (i.e., “obtained” availability). We performed a logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between administratively defined and “actual” or “obtained” availability of support controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and gender. The sample was 90% male, mean age 63 years, 50%White and 44% African American. We found that 32.9% had administratively defined availability by being married, and 32.5% by listing secondary next-of kin. Married Veterans were significantly more likely to report greater actual availability (p=0.01) and obtained (p=0.04) support. Veterans listing a secondary next-of-kin were significantly more likely to report “actual” availability (p= 0.04) but not on “obtained” (p=0.08) support. Marital status may be a useful proxy of actual family support and listing a secondary next-of kin may be an alternate indicator for complex patients. Our study provides guidance on the use of administrative data in understanding caregivers.

The Influence of Caregiving on the Relation Between Marital Status and Psychological Health in a Grandparent Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502092000
Author(s):  
Angela M. Provenzano ◽  
Melanie A. Stearns ◽  
Danielle K. Nadorff
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Grandparent Caregivers ◽  
Lower Baseline ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

Grandparent caregivers report poorer psychological and physical health, but relationship status has been shown to influence burden. The current study investigated depressive symptoms of 3288 grandparents who completed the third wave of the National Survey of Families and Households. The study found that those who are unmarried were more likely to be grandparent caregivers, and female participants reported higher depressive symptoms. Marital status and caregiving status were comparable predictors of depression, but marital status did not buffer the effects of caregiving status on depression. Caregiving status accounted for a significant amount of depressive symptom variance for depression, comparable to marital status and gender. There was a significant difference in depressive symptoms of married and unmarried grandparent non-caregivers but with a significantly lower baseline depression rate than grandparent caregivers. Future research should examine whether making social support options available to unmarried grandparent caregivers who lack informal support from a spouse may improve outcomes.

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