scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption as a Risk Factor for Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review of Associations at the Individual and at the Population Level

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Norström ◽  
Ingeborg Rossow
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Impact of Alcohol Policies on Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7030
Author(s):  
Kairi Kõlves ◽  
Kate M. Chitty ◽  
Rachmania Wardhani ◽  
Airi Värnik ◽  
Diego de Leo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Alcohol consumption has been found to be related to suicidal behavior at the individual and population level, but there is lack of literature reviews on the effect of alcohol policies on suicidal behavior. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the impact of alcohol policies at the population level on suicidal behavior and ideation. We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane DARE, EMBASE, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science electronic databases in March 2019. Papers analyzing alcohol policies limiting alcohol use and studying suicidal behaviors as an outcome measure were included; we identified 19 papers. Although the methods and effect sizes varied substantially in the studies, reducing alcohol often led to reduction in suicidal behavior. Ecological-level studies predominantly investigated the effect of restrictions on alcohol availability and increased cost of alcohol, and the majority presented a reduction in suicides across Western and Eastern Europe, as well as the US. The majority of studies were rated as unclear risk of bias for a number of domains due to a lack of clear reporting. Policies targeting harmful alcohol consumption may contribute towards a reduction in suicidal behavior at the population level.

Pain as a risk factor for suicidal behavior in older adults: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 104000
Author(s):  
Joaquim Santos ◽  
Sónia Martins ◽  
Luís F. Azevedo ◽  
Lia Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Suicidal Behavior

scholarly journals Multi-scale immunoepidemiological modeling of within-host and between-host HIV dynamics: systematic review of mathematical models

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nargesalsadat Dorratoltaj ◽  
Ryan Nikin-Beers ◽  
Stanca M. Ciupe ◽  
Stephen G. Eubank ◽  
Kaja M. Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Hiv Dynamics ◽  
Single Scale ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
The Individual

Objective The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of multi-scale HIV immunoepidemiological models to improve our understanding of the synergistic impact between the HIV viral-immune dynamics at the individual level and HIV transmission dynamics at the population level. Background While within-host and between-host models of HIV dynamics have been well studied at a single scale, connecting the immunological and epidemiological scales through multi-scale models is an emerging method to infer the synergistic dynamics of HIV at the individual and population levels. Methods We reviewed nine articles using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework that focused on the synergistic dynamics of HIV immunoepidemiological models at the individual and population levels. Results HIV immunoepidemiological models simulate viral immune dynamics at the within-host scale and the epidemiological transmission dynamics at the between-host scale. They account for longitudinal changes in the immune viral dynamics of HIV+ individuals, and their corresponding impact on the transmission dynamics in the population. They are useful to analyze the dynamics of HIV super-infection, co-infection, drug resistance, evolution, and treatment in HIV+ individuals, and their impact on the epidemic pathways in the population. We illustrate the coupling mechanisms of the within-host and between-host scales, their mathematical implementation, and the clinical and public health problems that are appropriate for analysis using HIV immunoepidemiological models. Conclusion HIV immunoepidemiological models connect the within-host immune dynamics at the individual level and the epidemiological transmission dynamics at the population level. While multi-scale models add complexity over a single-scale model, they account for the time varying immune viral response of HIV+ individuals, and the corresponding impact on the time-varying risk of transmission of HIV+ individuals to other susceptibles in the population.

The relationship between debt and crime: A systematic and scoping review

2020 ◽  
pp. 206622032096489
Author(s):  
Gercoline van Beek ◽  
Vivienne de Vogel ◽  
Dike van de Mheen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Scoping Literature Review ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Compared to macroeconomic factors, the financial situation of the individual may provide better insight into the relationship between debt and crime. However, the relationship between debt and crime is still unclear and little is known about the causality of this relationship and the factors that influence it. To obtain more insight into this relationship, a systematic and scoping literature review was conducted. Five articles were analyzed in the systematic review, and 24 articles in the scoping review. The results of the systematic review show a strong association between debt and crime whereby debt is a risk factor for crime, especially for recidivism and regardless of the type of crime, and crime is a risk factor for debt. The scoping review provided additional and in-depth insight, and placed the results of the systematic review in a broader perspective. Moreover, it emphasized the prevalence of debt among offenders, regardless of age, and identified the factors that influence the relationship between debt and crime.

A systematic review of association between pain and suicidal behavior in elderly people

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S174-S174
Author(s):  
J. Santos ◽  
S. Martins ◽  
L.F. Azevedo ◽  
L. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Psychological Pain ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionSuicide rates worldwide are highest in elderly people compared to younger ages. The recognition of risk factors for late life suicide may be crucial, since one in four attempts is consummated. In this context, pain has been identified as a major event raising the probability for suicide in elders although very little research has examined this association.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review to examine whether pain is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour (suicide ideation/attempt/suicide) in elderly people.MethodsThe Cochrane Collaboration's guidelines and PRISMA statement were used. The electronic databases considered were MEDLINE, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus and PsycARTICLES. Search terms were “pain”, “suicide*” and “elderly”. Studies that assessed the relation between pain and suicidal behavior among people aged ≥ 60 years were included.ResultsOf the 2655 references founded, only 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the quantitative studies concluded that there is a relationship between pain and late life suicidal ideation, in particular severe and chronic pain. Physical or psychological pain was also reported as the cause of attempting suicide in two studies and was considered an important risk factor for committed suicide in eight of them.ConclusionThe results suggest that pain is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour in elderly people, especially suffering from severe and chronic pain, which are in accordance with previous reviews in this field. Future studies are needed to clarify this association and highlight about the importance of pain in suicide prevention initiatives for elders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (12) ◽  
pp. 1789-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. SAMOKHVALOV ◽  
H. M. IRVING ◽  
J. REHM
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to quantify the association between alcohol consumption and incidence of pneumonia and to examine possible pathways. This was done by a systematic review and meta-analyses on the dose–response relationship between alcohol consumption or alcohol-use disorders and the incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The relative risk (RR) of CAP increased monotonically with increasing alcohol consumption. Individuals consuming 24, 60, and 120 g of pure alcohol daily demonstrated RRs for incident CAP of 1·12 (95% CI 1·02–1·23), 1·33 (95% CI 1·06–1·67) and 1·76 (95% CI 1·13–2·77), respectively, relative to non-drinkers. Clinically defined alcohol-use disorders were associated with an eightfold increased risk of CAP (RR 8·22, 95% CI 4·85–13·95). In conclusion, alcohol was found to be a risk factor for pneumonia with a clear statistical association, and a monotonic dose–response relationship.

scholarly journals Is alcohol consumption a risk factor for prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta–analysis

BMC Cancer ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Zhao ◽  
Tim Stockwell ◽  
Audra Roemer ◽  
Tanya Chikritzhs
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Anopheles salivary antigens as serological biomarkers of vector exposure and malaria transmission: A systematic review with multilevel modelling

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen A Kearney ◽  
Paul A Agius ◽  
Victor Chaumeau ◽  
Julia C Cutts ◽  
Julie A Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Individual

<b>Background:</b> Entomological surveillance for malaria is inherently resource-intensive and produces crude population-level measures of vector exposure which are insensitive in low-transmission settings. Antibodies against Anopheles salivary proteins measured at the individual-level may serve as proxy biomarkers for vector exposure and malaria transmission, but their relationship is yet to be quantified. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review of studies measuring antibodies against Anopheles salivary antigens (PROSPERO: CRD42020185449). Multilevel modelling (to account for multiple study-specific observations (level-one), nested within study (level-two), and study nested within country (level-three)) estimated associations between seroprevalence with Anopheles human biting rate (HBR) and malaria transmission measures. <b>Results:</b> From 3981 studies identified in literature searches, 42 studies across 16 countries were included contributing 393 study-specific observations of anti-Anopheles salivary antibodies determined in 42,764 samples. A positive association between HBR (log transformed) and seroprevalence was found; overall a 2-fold (100% relative) increase in HBR was associated with a 23% increase in odds of seropositivity (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.37, p<0.001). The association between HBR and Anopheles salivary antibodies was strongest with concordant, rather than discordant Anopheles species. Seroprevalence was also significantly positively associated with established epidemiological measures of malaria transmission: entomological inoculation rate, Plasmodium spp. prevalence, and malarial endemicity class. <b>Conclusions:</b> Anopheles salivary antibody biomarkers can serve as a proxy measure for HBR and malaria transmission, and could monitor malaria receptivity of a population to sustain malaria transmission. Validation of Anopheles species-specific biomarkers are important given the global heterogeneity in the distribution of Anopheles species. Salivary biomarkers have the potential to transform surveillance by replacing impractical, inaccurate entomological investigations, especially in areas progressing towards malaria elimination. <b>Funding:</b> Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document