Effects of grafting height of MM106 rootstock on growth, lateral shoot formation and yield in apple trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huseyin Karlidag ◽  
Ahmet Esitken
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot

scholarly journals The effect of different bioregulators on lateral shoot formation in maiden apple trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gąstoł ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Michał Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tree Injuries

Abstract One-year-old Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Boskoop’ and ‘Mutsu’ nursery trees on M.9 rootstock were treated with foliar sprays of different BA + GA3 mixtures (450 + 450 mg dm-3 or 780 + 120 mg dm-3) or BA + GA4+7 combinations (450 + 450 or 330 + 570 mg dm-3). Both cultivars showed strong apical dominance; however, increased branching potential was observed following the use of exogenous growth regulators. All of the investigated branching agents revealed a high effectiveness, yet only after one treatment. Environmental factors played a major role in the induction of sylleptic shoot formation, especially in the case of ‘Boskoop’. In the case of ‘Boskoop’, the branching effect was correlated with several vegetative growth properties (tree height, trunk diameter), while for ‘Mutsu’, a different branching pattern was found with no correlations ascertained. No tree injuries were observed following the use of a chemical branching agent.

scholarly journals Enhancing Branching of Apple Trees in the Nursery with Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 842D-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Nursery Trees

Nursery trees of new, promising apple selections [NY-75334-35 (A), NY-75414-1 (B), and NY-75413-30 (C)] from the Geneva breeding program exhibit a distinct apical dominant growth pattern characterized by poor lateral-shoot formation (feathering). To induce feathering, the trees were foliar-treated singly or sequentially with various concentrations of Promalin (1.8%w/w GA4+7 + 1.8%w/w 6BAP) and Accel (0.18% w/w GA4+7 + 1.8% w/w 6BAP), by themselves and in combination. Regardless of branching agent, concentration, and type of application, treated trees, as compared to the control, on average, induced 11.3 vs. 2.2, 6.6 vs. 0.4, and 6.6 vs. 2.0 feathers/tree for selections A, B, and C, respectively. In most instances, higher concentrations of both chemicals induced more feathers than lower concentrations. Tree height and caliper were less affected than lateral-shoot production.

scholarly journals Inhibition of lateral shoot formation by RNA interference and chemically induced mutations to genes expressed in the axillary meristem of Nicotiana tabacum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Hamano ◽  
Seiki Sato ◽  
Masao Arai ◽  
Yuta Negishi ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Primary Lateral

Abstract Background Lateral branches vigorously proliferate in tobacco after the topping of the inflorescence portions of stems for the maturation of the leaves to be harvested. Therefore, tobacco varieties with inhibited lateral shoot formation are highly desired by tobacco farmers. Results Genetic inhibition of lateral shoot formation was attempted in tobacco. Two groups of genes were examined by RNA interference. The first group comprised homologs of the genes mediating lateral shoot formation in other plants, whereas the second group included genes highly expressed in axillary bud primordial stages. Although “primary” lateral shoots that grew after the plants were topped off when flower buds emerged were unaffected, the growth of “secondary” lateral shoots, which were detected on the abaxial side of the primary lateral shoot base, was significantly suppressed in the knock-down lines of NtLs, NtBl1, NtREV, VE7, and VE12. Chemically induced mutations to NtLs, NtBl1, and NtREV similarly inhibited the development of secondary and “tertiary” lateral shoots, but not primary lateral shoots. The mutations to NtLs and NtBl1 were incorporated into an elite variety by backcrossing. The agronomic characteristics of the backcross lines were examined in field trials conducted in commercial tobacco production regions. The lines were generally suitable for tobacco leaf production and may be useful as new tobacco varieties. Conclusion The suppressed expression of NtLs, NtBl1, NtREV, VE7, or VE12 inhibited the development of only the secondary and tertiary lateral shoots in tobacco. The mutant lines may benefit tobacco farmers by minimizing the work required to remove secondary and tertiary lateral shoots that emerge when farmers are harvesting leaves, which is a labor-intensive process.

scholarly journals Interspecific grafting between Gossypium hirsutum, G. barbadense and G. herbaceum lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Karaca ◽  
Ayse Gul Ince ◽  
Umesh K. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Dna Alterations ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Second Year

Abstract Seedling grafting could provide additional crop improvement strategies for cotton. However, there existed limited studies on interspecific grafting and approaches. Four different grafting approaches were developed and compared between lines representing three of the four cultivated cotton species G. hirsutum, G. barbadense and G. herbaceum. Grafting approaches of this study focused on the cotyledon node and cotyledon leaves retained on scions, rootstocks, without cotyledon node and cotyledon leaves on scions and rootstocks or halved cotyledon node and single cotyledon leaf on scions and rootstocks. Evaluations of the grafting approaches were made by comparing survival and growth rate during the second and fifth weeks after transplantation, respectively. The formation of any lateral shoots at the grafted sites were studied in two of four grafting approaches in the first and the second year during flowering stage. DNA alterations due to grafting were investigated using microsatellite markers. There were no statistically significant differences between grafts and their control in survival rate and locus specific DNA alteration. Growth rate and lateral shoot formation, on the other hand, were different among grafting types and grafts. We concluded that grafting without cotyledon node and cotyledon leaves on rootstocks, and with cotyledon node but without cotyledon leaves on scions were easy to perform and suitable for interspecific cotton grafting. Results suggested that grafting seedlings and allowing time to heal graft wounds prior to spring transplanting or double cropping is suitable for wheat–cotton intercropping to prevent late or early chilling damage associated with seed sowing or conventional transplanting of susceptible seedlings. Furthermore, the rapid and consistent wound healing in seedling grafts along with lateral shoot formation occurring in two of four grafting approaches make them a suitable approach to investigate possible genetic and epigenetic movement between scions and rootstocks, especially across species.

scholarly journals TREE TRAINING PROCEDURES FOR HIGH-DENSITY SWEET CHERRY PRODUCTION ON VIGOROUS ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122d-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Southwick ◽  
James T. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Spur Formation ◽  
Slow Growing

Sweet cherries produce vigorous upright growth from Apr.-Sept. and are slow to bear in California. Our tree training objectives include earlier bearing, easier harvesting, high productivity of good quality fruit. `Bing' cherry on mazzard and mahaleb rootstock were planted in 7 blocks and trained 6 ways. One group was headed 12-18 inches above the bud union and 4 branches were retained at the 1st dormant pruning. Lateral buds were treated with promalin at bud-break to induce lateral shoot formation. Trees were spring-summer pruned to reduce terminal growth. At the second dormant pruning, strong shoots were removed and lateral shoots were treated with promalin to induce spur formation. Trees were treated likewise through the 3rd dormant season and produced a fair crop in the 4th season. Central leader trees were created by tying/weighting limbs, dormant and summer pruning, and retaining less vigorous limbs as well as utilizing promalin. Slow growing trees tended to bear fruit more rapidly. Both training methods yielded fruit in the 4th season while traditional pruning procedures produced few fruit. Data and procedures will be presented to document these practices.

scholarly journals 615 PB 293 BAGGING APPLE TREE LEADERS INCREASES LATERAL SHOOT DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 520c-520
Author(s):  
Matt J. Stasiak ◽  
Teryl R Roper
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Inadequate branch production on apple trees can result in reduced bearing surface and problems with tree training. We sought to increase the number of lateral shoots by enclosing the one year old portion of the central leader of two year old `Jonamac', `Red Jonagold', and `Scarlet Gala', apple trees two weeks prior to bud emergence. The bags were then removed when the longest shoots in the bag were approximately 2.5 cm long. After leaf fall the number and length of shoots in the bagged sections were measured. The number of lateral shoots >5 cm in length produced on the bagged sections of the leaders was increased by 3.7. Total lateral growth on the central leader increased by 149 cm per tree. Trunk cross-sectional area, tree height, or production of lateral shoots >5 cm were not affected by bagging. Differences between clear and orange bags were not significant. Bagging appeared to be an efficient means to induce trees to produce lateral branches. The greatest benefit would be to varieties like `Jonamac' and `Red Jonagold' which averaged only 1.7 laterals without bags.

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