A Bayesian approach for site-specific extreme load prediction of large scale bridges

ObjectiveTo measure the effects of faecal immunochemical test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening on overall and site-specific long-term effectiveness of population-based organised service screening.DesignA prospective cohort study of Taiwanese nationwide biennial FIT screening was performed. A total of 5 417 699 eligible subjects were invited to attend screening from 2004 through 2009 and were followed up until 2014. We estimated the adjusted relative rates (aRRs) on the effectiveness of reducing advanced-stage CRC (stage II+) and CRC death by Bayesian Poisson regression models with the full adjustment for a cascade of self-selection factors (including the screening rate and the colonoscopy rate) and the completeness of colonoscopy together with demographic features.ResultsFIT screening (exposed vs unexposed) reduced the incidence of advanced-stage CRC (48.4 vs 75.7 per 100 000) and mortality (20.3 vs 41.3 per 100 000). Statistically significant reductions of both incidence of advanced-stage CRCs (aRR=0.66, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.70) and deaths from CRC (aRR=0.60, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.64) were noted. FIT screening was more effective in reducing distal advanced-stage CRCs (aRR=0.61, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.64) and CRC mortality (aRR=0.56, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.69) than proximal advanced CRCs (aRR=0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.92) and CRC mortality (aRR=0.72, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.80).ConclusionA large-scale population-based biennial FIT screening demonstrates 34% significant reduction of advanced-stage CRCs and 40% reduction of death from CRC with larger long-term effectiveness in the distal colon than the proximal colon. Our findings provide a strong and consistent evidence-based policy for supporting a sustainable population-based FIT organised service screening worldwide. The disparity of site-specific long-term effectiveness also provides an insight into the remedy for lower effectiveness of FIT screening in the proximal colon.

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Synchronization in 5G networks: a hybrid Bayesian approach toward clock offset/skew estimation and its impact on localization

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking ◽

10.1186/s13638-021-01963-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Meysam Goodarzi ◽

Darko Cvetkovski ◽

Nebojsa Maletic ◽

Jesús Gutiérrez ◽

Eckhard Grass

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Approach ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hybrid Approach ◽

Position Estimation ◽

5G Networks ◽

Clock Skew ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

The Impact ◽

Mean Square Errors ◽

Clock Offset

AbstractClock synchronization has always been a major challenge when designing wireless networks. This work focuses on tackling the time synchronization problem in 5G networks by adopting a hybrid Bayesian approach for clock offset and skew estimation. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of the proposed approach on a synchronization-sensitive service, i.e., localization. Specifically, we expose the substantial benefit of belief propagation (BP) running on factor graphs (FGs) in achieving precise network-wide synchronization. Moreover, we take advantage of Bayesian recursive filtering (BRF) to mitigate the time-stamping error in pairwise synchronization. Finally, we reveal the merit of hybrid synchronization by dividing a large-scale network into local synchronization domains and applying the most suitable synchronization algorithm (BP- or BRF-based) on each domain. The performance of the hybrid approach is then evaluated in terms of the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the clock offset, clock skew, and the position estimation. According to the simulations, in spite of the simplifications in the hybrid approach, RMSEs of clock offset, clock skew, and position estimation remain below 10 ns, 1 ppm, and 1.5 m, respectively.

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Site-Specific Electrodeposition Enables Self-Terminating Growth of Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts

10.26434/chemrxiv.12287879.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Shi ◽

Wenmao Huang ◽

Jian Li ◽

Yue Zhou ◽

Zhongqiu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽

Metal Catalysts ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Single Atom ◽

Scale Production ◽

Heterogenous Catalysis ◽

Site Specific ◽

Metal Support ◽

Metal Dichalcogenides

<p>The growth of atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) remains a great challenge owing to the thermodynamically driven atom aggregation. Here we report a surface-limited electrodeposition technique that uses site-specific substrates for the rapid and room-temperature synthesis of ADMCs. We obtained ADMCs by the underpotential deposition (UPD) of a single-atom nonnoble metal onto the chalcogen atoms of chemically exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides and subsequent galvanic displacement with a more-noble single-atom metal. The site-specific electrodeposition (SSED) enables the formation of energetically favorable metal–support bonds, and then automatically terminates the sequential formation of metallic bonding. The self-terminating effect restricts the metal deposition to the atomic scale. The modulated ADMCs exhibit remarkable activity and stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction compared to state-of-the-art single-atom electrocatalysts. We demonstrate that this SSED methodology could be extended to the synthesis of a variety of ADMCs (for example, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Pb, Bi, and Sn single atoms), showing its general scope for the large-scale production of functional ADMCs in heterogenous catalysis. </p>

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Site-Specific Electrodeposition Enables Self-Terminating Growth of Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts

10.26434/chemrxiv.12287879 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Shi ◽

Wenmao Huang ◽

Jian Li ◽

Yue Zhou ◽

Zhongqiu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽

Metal Catalysts ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

Single Atom ◽

Scale Production ◽

Heterogenous Catalysis ◽

Site Specific ◽

Metal Support ◽

Metal Dichalcogenides

<p>The growth of atomically dispersed metal catalysts (ADMCs) remains a great challenge owing to the thermodynamically driven atom aggregation. Here we report a surface-limited electrodeposition technique that uses site-specific substrates for the rapid and room-temperature synthesis of ADMCs. We obtained ADMCs by the underpotential deposition (UPD) of a single-atom nonnoble metal onto the chalcogen atoms of chemically exfoliated transition metal dichalcogenides and subsequent galvanic displacement with a more-noble single-atom metal. The site-specific electrodeposition (SSED) enables the formation of energetically favorable metal–support bonds, and then automatically terminates the sequential formation of metallic bonding. The self-terminating effect restricts the metal deposition to the atomic scale. The modulated ADMCs exhibit remarkable activity and stability in the hydrogen evolution reaction compared to state-of-the-art single-atom electrocatalysts. We demonstrate that this SSED methodology could be extended to the synthesis of a variety of ADMCs (for example, Pt, Pd, Rh, Cu, Pb, Bi, and Sn single atoms), showing its general scope for the large-scale production of functional ADMCs in heterogenous catalysis. </p>

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pGlycoQuant with a deep residual network for precise and minuscule-missing-value quantitative glycoproteomics enabling the functional exploration of site-specific glycosylation

10.1101/2021.11.15.468561 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weiqian Cao ◽

Siyuan Kong ◽

Wenfeng Zeng ◽

Pengyun Gong ◽

Biyun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Missing Values ◽

Software Tool ◽

Software Tools ◽

Residual Network ◽

Site Specific ◽

Carcinoma Cell Lines ◽

L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule

Interpreting large-scale glycoproteomic data for intact glycopeptide identification has been tremendously advanced by software tools. However, software tools for quantitative analysis of intact glycopeptides remain lagging behind, which greatly hinders exploring the differential expression and functions of site-specific glycosylation in organisms. Here, we report pGlycoQuant, a generic software tool for accurate and convenient quantitative intact glycopeptide analysis, supporting both primary and tandem mass spectrometry quantitation for multiple quantitative strategies. pGlycoQuant enables intact glycopeptide quantitation with very low missing values via a deep residual network, thus greatly expanding the quantitative function of several powerful search engines, currently including pGlyco 2.0, pGlyco3, Byonic and MSFragger-Glyco. The pGlycoQuant-based site-specific N-glycoproteomic study conducted here quantifies 6435 intact N-glycopeptides in three hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic potentials and, together with in vitro molecular biology experiments, illustrates core fucosylation at site 979 of the L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) as a potential regulator of HCC metastasis. pGlycoQuant is freely available at https://github.com/expellir-arma/pGlycoQuant/releases/. We have demonstrated pGlycoQuant to be a powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of site-specific glycosylation and the exploration of potential glycosylation-related biomarker candidates, and we expect further applications in glycoproteomic studies.

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Design Parameters of Brush Seals and Their Impact on Seal Performance

Volume 6: Oil and Gas Applications; Concentrating Solar Power Plants; Steam Turbines; Wind Energy ◽

10.1115/gt2012-68956 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Schwarz ◽

J. Friedrichs ◽

J. Flegler

Keyword(s):

Steam Turbine ◽

Gas Turbine ◽

Large Scale ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Test Rig ◽

Pressure Drops ◽

Seal Design ◽

Brush Seal ◽

Extreme Load ◽

Brush Seals

Brush seals, which were originally designed for gas turbine applications, have been successfully applied to large-scale steam turbines within the past decade. From gas turbine applications, the fundamental behavior and designing levers are known. However, the application of brush seals to a steam turbine is still a challenge. This challenge is mainly due to the extreme load on the brush seal while operating under steam. Furthermore, it is difficult to test brush seals under realistic conditions, i.e. under live steam conditions with high pressure drops. Due to these insufficiencies, 2 test rigs were developed at the University of Technology Braunschweig, Germany. The first test rig is operated under pressurized air and allows testing specific brush seal characteristics concerning their general behavior. The knowledge gained from these tests can be validated in the second test rig, which is operated under steam at pressure drops of 45 bar and temperatures up to 450 °C. Using both the air test rig and the steam test rig helps keep the testing effort comparably small. Design variants can be pre-tested with air, and promising brush seal designs can consequently be tested in the steam seal test rig. The paper focuses on a clamped brush seal design which, amongst others, is used in steam turbine blade paths and shaft seals of current Siemens turbines. The consequences of the brush assembly on the brush appearance and brush performance are shown. The clamped brush seal design reveals several particularities compared to welded brushes. It could be shown that the clamped bristle pack tends to gape when clamping forces rise. Gapping results in an axially expanding bristle pack, where the bristle density per unit area and the leakage flow vary. Furthermore, the brush elements are usually assembled with an axial lay angle, i.e. the bristles are reclined against the backing plate. Hence, the axial lay angle is also part of the investigation.

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JunYee (1942--)

Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism ◽

10.4324/9781135000356-rem839-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tessa Maria Guazon

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Natural World ◽

Philippine Island ◽

Free Standing ◽

Site Specific ◽

Finite State ◽

Cast Concrete ◽

Natural Forms

Junyee, or Luis Yee, Jr., is a Filipino artist known for his large-scale and site-specific art installations, which reflect a deep awareness of ecology and environmental issues. He was born in the Philippine island of Agusan del Norte. Trained as a sculptor, Junyee has pioneered the use of materials readily available from nature for expansive, site-specific works that incorporate ephemeral material within specific locations, redefining site and space in the process. His inventive use of indigenous material—which he assembles into sprawling constellations of forms, swarms of objects, or networks of points which function like maps—conveys a concentrated appreciation of nature. His works Wood Things (1981) and Spaces and Objects (1986), for example, are sprawling assemblies of natural forms. Junyee’s installations bring the precarious state of our natural world to the fore; by incorporating natural objects into his art, he exhibits both resourcefulness and acute awareness of the finite state of natural resources. Junyee’s approach to art is characterized by a keen sense of the environment and astute knowledge of materials. Whether paintings composed with soot; free-standing and outdoor sculptures in wood or cast concrete; or sprawling site installations, Junyee’s work exhibits a feeling for form and inherent awareness of the ways art carves new spaces of experience.

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An Audit of Perioperative Blood Transfusions in a Regional Hospital to Rationalise a Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x1804600511 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 498-503

Author(s):

R. M. Blank ◽

S. P. Blank ◽

H. E. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Major Amputation ◽

Joint Arthroplasty ◽

Blood Transfusions ◽

Local Data ◽

Preoperative Testing ◽

Site Specific ◽

Retrospective Audit ◽

A Site ◽

Cross Matching

Appropriate preoperative blood typing and cross-matching is an important quality improvement target to minimise costs and rationalise the use of blood bank resources. This can be facilitated using a maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) for specific operations. It is recommended that individual hospitals develop a site-specific MSBOS based on institutional data, but this is challenging in non-tertiary centres without electronic databases. Our aim was to audit our perioperative blood transfusions to develop a site-specific MSBOS. A retrospective audit of blood transfusions in surgical patients in our regional referral hospital was conducted using five years’ coded administrative data. Procedures with higher transfusion rates warranting preoperative testing (type and screen with or without subsequent cross-matching) were identified. There were about 15,000 eligible surgical procedures performed in our institution over the audit period. The need for preoperative testing was identified for only a few procedures, namely laparotomy, bowel resection, major amputation, joint arthroplasty, hip/femur fracture and humerus surgery, and procedures for obstetric complications. We observed a reduction in transfusion rates over time for total joint arthroplasty. The use of coding data represents an efficient method by which centres without electronic anaesthesia information management systems can conduct large-scale audits to develop a site-specific MSBOS. This would represent a significant improvement for hospitals that currently base preoperative testing recommendations on expert opinion alone. As many procedures in regional centres have very low transfusion rates, hospitals with a similar case mix to ours could consider selectively auditing higher-risk operations where local data is most likely to alter testing recommendations.

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Computational Modeling of the Human Microbiome

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8020197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 197

Author(s):

Shomeek Chowdhury ◽

Stephen S. Fong

Keyword(s):

Computational Modeling ◽

Human Health ◽

Large Scale ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Human Microbiome Project ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Site Specific ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

High Level ◽

The Impact

The impact of microorganisms on human health has long been acknowledged and studied, but recent advances in research methodologies have enabled a new systems-level perspective on the collections of microorganisms associated with humans, the human microbiome. Large-scale collaborative efforts such as the NIH Human Microbiome Project have sought to kick-start research on the human microbiome by providing foundational information on microbial composition based upon specific sites across the human body. Here, we focus on the four main anatomical sites of the human microbiome: gut, oral, skin, and vaginal, and provide information on site-specific background, experimental data, and computational modeling. Each of the site-specific microbiomes has unique organisms and phenomena associated with them; there are also high-level commonalities. By providing an overview of different human microbiome sites, we hope to provide a perspective where detailed, site-specific research is needed to understand causal phenomena that impact human health, but there is equally a need for more generalized methodology improvements that would benefit all human microbiome research.

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A streamlined pipeline for multiplexed quantitative site-specific N-glycoproteomics

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-19052-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pan Fang ◽

Yanlong Ji ◽

Ivan Silbern ◽

Carmen Doebele ◽

Momchil Ninov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

High Resolution ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Handling Time ◽

Database Search ◽

High Confidence ◽

Site Specific ◽

Sample Handling ◽

Data Processing Tool

Abstract Regulation of protein N-glycosylation is essential in human cells. However, large-scale, accurate, and site-specific quantification of glycosylation is still technically challenging. We here introduce SugarQuant, an integrated mass spectrometry-based pipeline comprising protein aggregation capture (PAC)-based sample preparation, multi-notch MS3 acquisition (Glyco-SPS-MS3) and a data-processing tool (GlycoBinder) that enables confident identification and quantification of intact glycopeptides in complex biological samples. PAC significantly reduces sample-handling time without compromising sensitivity. Glyco-SPS-MS3 combines high-resolution MS2 and MS3 scans, resulting in enhanced reporter signals of isobaric mass tags, improved detection of N-glycopeptide fragments, and lowered interference in multiplexed quantification. GlycoBinder enables streamlined processing of Glyco-SPS-MS3 data, followed by a two-step database search, which increases the identification rates of glycopeptides by 22% compared with conventional strategies. We apply SugarQuant to identify and quantify more than 5,000 unique glycoforms in Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, and determine site-specific glycosylation changes that occurred upon inhibition of fucosylation at high confidence.

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