Islam and democracy*

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmy Howeidy
Keyword(s):  
Islamic State ◽  
Real Dimension ◽  
The Real ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Fourth Part ◽  
Islam And Democracy

This paper reviews how the civilizational discourse of Islam differs from that of democracy but doesn't necessarily mean that it contradicts it. Knowing that this juxtaposition promotes diversity and distinction, this paper elucidates the factors of ambiguity that surround this religion and system in order to uncover the real dimension of their distinction. The paper is organized as follows: first, it presents seven characteristics of the Islamic state. Next, it discusses the importance of consultation (al-shūrā) and the necessity of questioning the rulers in Islam. Third, the article answers the question “Where does democracy correspond to Islam and where does it differ?”. Several prominent opinions are examined in the fourth part, before displaying the main positions from the 1980s, vis-à-vis democracy, in part five. Part six exhibits the fatwas of al-Qaradawi. At the end of the article, the paper emphasizes the approaches that can be taken towards Islamic ruling (sharīʿah).

The real dimension of a vector bundle at the prime two

1983 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Edgar H. Brown ◽  
Franklin P. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Vector Bundle ◽  
Real Dimension ◽  
The Real

scholarly journals Applying Benford’s Law to Monitor Death Registration Data: A Management Tool for the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Francisco Gabriel Morillas-Jurado ◽  
María Caballer-Tarazona ◽  
Vicent Caballer-Tarazona
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Benford’S Law ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Real Dimension ◽  
The Real ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Benford's Law

In Spain, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the various regions of the country differently. The availability of reliable and up-to-date information has proved to be fundamental for the management of this health crisis. However, especially during the first wave of the pandemic (February–August 2020), the disparity in the recording criteria and in the timing of providing these figures to the central government created controversy and confusion regarding the real dimension of the pandemic. It is therefore necessary to have objective and homogeneous criteria at the national level to guide health managers in the correct recording and evaluation of the magnitude of the pandemic. Within this context, we propose using Benford’s Law as an auditing tool to monitor the reliability of the number of daily COVID-related deaths to identify possible deviations from the expected trend.

scholarly journals READINESS OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES FOR THE RETURN OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS OF THE ISLAMIC STATE

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
DENIS ČALETA ◽  
SARA PERKOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Security Policy ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
European Security ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Foreign And Security Policy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Foreign Fighters ◽  
The Eu

Povzetek V analizi smo želeli prikazati, ali so tuji borci resnično nevarni za evropsko varnost, saj vemo, da je morebitna grožnja vedno mogoča. Do zdaj je bilo zelo težko oceniti grožnjo vrnitve tujih borcev. V raziskavo smo vključili dve državi, v katerih so napade izvedli tuji borci, ki so se vrnili v državo. Vključeni državi sta bili Belgija in Francija. V raziskavi smo primerjali politiko posameznih držav s skupno zunanjo in varnostno politiko EU. Ugotavljali smo, kako se te države spoprijemajo z vrnitvijo tujih borcev in kateri ukrepi so bili glede tega sprejeti. Poleg tega smo poskušali oceniti, ali so bolj osredotočeni na pregon tujih borcev, ki se vračajo, ali je njihov poudarek na programih deradikalizacije in reintegracije. Ključne besede Tuji borci, terorizem, Islamska država, EU, zakonodaja. Abstract This analysis will consider whether foreign fighters pose a real danger to European security, knowing that the potential threat is always possible. Up to now, assessing the threat of returning foreign fighters has been very difficult. In this article we have attempted to analyze the attacks that have been carried out by returning foreign fighters in Belgium and France. Our research compared the politics of individual countries with the common foreign and security policy of the EU. We have investigated how these countries are dealing with the return of foreign fighters and what measures have been taken in this regard. In addition, we have tried to evaluate whether they are more focused on the prosecution of returning foreign fighters or whether their focus is connected with deradicalization and reintegration programmes. Key words Foreign fighters, terrorism, Islamic state, EU, legislation.

scholarly journals Religion and Democracy: Perspective of Abdurrahman Wahid

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Elly Warnisyah Harahap ◽  
Syahrin Harahap ◽  
Amroeni Drajat
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Religion And Democracy ◽  
Islamic Values ◽  
Islam And Democracy

This paper describes the thoughts of Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) about religion and democracy. Abducting Abdurrahman's thoughts about religion and democracy today is not only relevant, but important, especially in the midst of various radicalism issues that are currently being discussed today. The issue of radicalism which is generally directed at Muslims is suspected because of the desire of a group of Muslims to make Islam appear in its formal form in this country, in other words they want to make Indonesia an Islamic state. This desire which was opposed by Abdurrahman by considering the plurality of the nation, especially according to Abdurrahman, there is no standard provision of the state in Islam. By using library data, it is concluded that specifically in seeing the relationship between Islam and democracy there are three kinds of responses, namely integrative, facultative, and confrontational. In addition, Abdurrahman firmly said that Islam does not need to be present in a formal form in this country, just enough substance that is when Islamic values are realized in democracy, because the teachings of democracy do exist in Islam.

scholarly journals The Islamic State: The Real Islam?

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Antonio Alonso Marcos ◽  
Samir Khalil Samir
Keyword(s):  
Islamic State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Spiritual Leader ◽  
Political Project ◽  
The Law ◽  
Divine Law

From the origins of the Muslim religion, Muhammad was both military and spiritual leader. His political project was materialized in the form of an Islamic state, where the law was the divine law. Throughout the centuries, this caliphate has been established in different places and in different ways. In June 2014, it was proclaimed in the Sham, in Iraq and Syria. It should be asked if this model of Islamic State is the real one and whether the violence is consubstantial to Islam or it can get away with it.

scholarly journals Responding Emotionally to Fiction: A Spinozist Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Susan James
Keyword(s):  
Current Debate ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Transitional Objects ◽  
Analytical Philosophy ◽  
The Real ◽  
Anna Karenina ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Complex Skill ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

AbstractWithin contemporary analytical philosophy there continues to be a lively debate about the emotions we feel for fictional characters. How, for example, can we feel sad about Anna Karenina, despite knowing that she doesn't exist? I propose that we can get a clearer view of this issue by turning to Spinoza, who urges us to take a different approach to feelings of this kind. The ability to keep our emotions in line with our beliefs, he argues, is a complex skill. Rather than asking why we depart from it in the case of fictions, we need to begin by considering how we get it in the first place. Spinoza also considers the value of this skill. In his account, fictions function rather like Donald Winnicott's transitional objects. They enable us to negotiate the boundary between the real and the imaginary in a way that contributes to our philosophical understanding. These Spinozist proposals, I contend, suggest that the questions dominating current debate need to be reformulated.

scholarly journals Complexity in Individual Trajectories toward Online Extremism

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Z. Cao ◽  
M. Zheng ◽  
Y. Vorobyeva ◽  
C. Song ◽  
N. F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Expansion Theory ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Society faces a fundamental global problem of understanding which individuals are currently developing strong support for some extremist entity such as ISIS (Islamic State), even if they never end up doing anything in the real world. The importance of online connectivity in developing intent has been confirmed by recent case studies of already convicted terrorists. Here we use ideas from Complexity to identify dynamical patterns in the online trajectories that individuals take toward developing a high level of extremist support, specifically, for ISIS. Strong memory effects emerge among individuals whose transition is fastest and hence may become “out of the blue” threats in the real world. A generalization of diagrammatic expansion theory helps quantify these characteristics, including the impact of changes in geographical location, and can facilitate prediction of future risks. By quantifying the trajectories that individuals follow on their journey toward expressing high levels of pro-ISIS support—irrespective of whether they then carry out a real-world attack or not—our findings can help move safety debates beyond reliance on static watch-list identifiers such as ethnic background or immigration status and/or postfact interviews with already convicted individuals. Given the broad commonality of social media platforms, our results likely apply quite generally; for example, even on Telegram where (like Twitter) there is no built-in group feature as in our study, individuals tend to collectively build and pass through the so-called super-group accounts.

scholarly journals Diploma course: “Health Economy tools for taking decisions”, a useful tool for health managers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Fé Fernández Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Real Dimension ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Strong Relation

The Public Health services are closest related with the human develop. The strong relation between population health and labor productivity is determining the historical economic develop and the real capability to make sustainable the economic develop. Few sectors have an extensive and strong relation with the human develop as the Public Health. The health policies may insider over the whole population and can determine which population sector can access to the health services and the real dimension from the effective demand from these services too.

scholarly journals JIHAD, RELIGION WAR, AND TERRORISM IN ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Yusri Muhammad Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
The Real ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
The Will

Jihad in Islam is not a war that is termed a "religious war” (al-harb al-muqaddasah) - as perceived by Westerners all along. However, Jihad is: any action accompanied by sincerity, every useful perseverance, and every firmness of faith in the soul, so that we are able to fight against the various challenges in this life, which continue to evolve all the time in our souls, and in our environment. Therefore Jihad is a fountain that never diminishes for every Muslim to drink and to serve as a source of strength and energy so it creates a perfect readiness in assuming a responsibility to submit to the will of Allah SWT based on awareness and belief. Indeed jihad is a form of preparedness for Muslims as a form of self-defense of the enemies of Islam for the establishment of Islamic law in Islamic social life in the Islamic State. The history has spoke since Islamic countries have never been peacefull, human rights abuses and wars as historical evidence shows. That the enemies of Islam in this hemisphere are very intelligent to turn facts with various ways and means owned. Yet the real terrorists are very clear, as clear as the sun in broad daylight.

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