Re-framing non-economic losses to non-economic impacts for effective policymaking: evidence from the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Melanie Pill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Tracking an Atmospheric River in a Warmer Climate: from Water Vapor to Economic Impacts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francina Dominguez ◽  
Sandy Dall'erba ◽  
Shuyi Huang ◽  
Andre Avelino ◽  
Ali Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Integrated Modeling ◽  
Vapor Transport ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Radiative Forcings ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Western Washington

Abstract. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) account for more than 75 % of heavy precipitation events and nearly all of the extreme flooding events along the Olympic Mountains and western Cascade mountains of western Washington state. In a warmer climate, ARs in this region are projected to become more frequent and intense, primarily due to increases in atmospheric water vapor. However, it is unclear how the changes in water vapor transport will affect regional flooding and associated economic impacts. In this work, we present an integrated modeling system to quantify the atmospheric-hydrologic-hydraulic and economic impacts of the December 2007 AR event that impacted the Chehalis river basin in western Washington. We use the modeling system to project impacts under a hypothetical scenario where the same December 2007 event occurs in a warmer climate. This method allows us to incorporate different types of uncertainty including: a) alternative future radiative forcings, b) different responses of the climate system to future radiative forcings and c) different responses of the surface hydrologic system. In the warming scenario, AR integrated vapor transport increases, however, these changes do not translate into generalized increases in precipitation throughout the basin. The changes in precipitation translate into spatially heterogeneous changes in sub-basin runoff and increased streamflow along the entire Chehalis main stem. Economic losses due to stock damages increased moderately, but losses in terms of business interruption were significant. Our integrated modeling tool provides communities in the Chehalis region with a range of possible future physical and economic impacts associated with AR flooding.

scholarly journals Direct and indirect economic impacts of drought in the agri-food sector in the Ebro River basin (Spain)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2679-2694 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gil ◽  
A. Garrido ◽  
N. Hernández-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Drought Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts

Abstract. The economic evaluation of drought impacts is essential in order to define efficient and sustainable management and mitigation strategies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic impacts of a drought event on the agricultural sector and measure how they are transmitted from primary production to industrial output and related employment. We fit econometric models to determine the magnitude of the economic loss attributable to water storage. The direct impacts of drought on agricultural productivity are measured through a direct attribution model. Indirect impacts on agricultural employment and the agri-food industry are evaluated through a nested indirect attribution model. The transmission of water scarcity effects from agricultural production to macroeconomic variables is measured through chained elasticities. The models allow for differentiating the impacts deriving from water scarcity from other sources of economic losses. Results show that the importance of drought impacts are less relevant at the macroeconomic level, but are more significant for those activities directly dependent on water abstractions and precipitation. From a management perspective, implications of these findings are important to develop effective mitigation strategies to reduce drought risk exposure.

Social, Political, and Environmental Impacts in Latin America

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-318
Author(s):  
Rhys Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Political ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean

Rather less has been written about the social, political, and environmental impacts of China on Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) than the economic impacts. In terms of social impacts, the chapter considers the effects in terms of both employment and the way in which Chinese companies in the extractive industries have affected local communities. In LAC, discussion of the political implications have mainly focussed on whether or not China’s growing presence represents a threat to US interests in the region, but there is no evidence that China is exercising undue political influence in the region as the case studies of Brazil and Venezuela illustrate. There is little systematic evidence concerning the environmental impacts, although the case of soybeans illustrates the potential negative consequences of growing demand from China.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Economic Impacts of Regional Milk Pricing Authorities: The Case of Dairy Compacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Class I ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Compact Region ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Economic Tradeoffs

Congress consented to the creation of the Northeast Interstate Dairy Compact in the 1996 Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act. Interest is now growing in expanding this compact and creating new multi-regional dairy compacts. Dairy compacts provide a floor for Class I fluid prices and thus stabilize and enhance farm milk prices in compact regions. This analysis indicates that multi-regional dairy compacts will result in clear economic tradeoffs between dairy farmers, processors, retailers, and consumers. While dairy farmers within the compact region may economically benefit from higher farm milk prices, processors, retailers and consumers in the compact region and dairy farmers outside the compact region will face economic losses.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Economic Losses Using Typhoon-Flood Disaster Analysis: An Application to Guangdong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8980
Author(s):  
Zhuoqun Gao ◽  
R. Richard Geddes ◽  
Tao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Guangdong Province is one of China’s largest and most developed regions. It is home to more than 113 million people and features unique geographical and climatic characteristics. Typhoons that pass through often result in heavy rainfall, which causes flooding. The region’s risk of typhoon and flood disasters, and the resulting indirect economic impacts, have not been fully assessed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method for assessing the spatial and temporal cumulative risk of typhoon-induced flood disasters, and the resulting indirect economic impacts, in order to deal with the uncertainty of disasters. We combined an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and spatial analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce a comprehensive weighted-risk assessment from three different aspects of disaster, vulnerability, and resilience, with 11 indicators. A new method for computing risk based on spatial and temporal cumulative patterns of typhoon-induced flood disasters was introduced. We incorporated those direct impacts into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate indirect economic losses in alternative scenarios according to different risk levels. We found that the risk in the coastal area is significantly higher than that in the northern mountainous area. The coastal areas of western Guangdong, Pearl River Delta, and Chaoshan Plain face the greatest risk. Our results indicate that typhoon and flood disasters have negative effects on the real GDP, residents’ income, consumption, and several other macroeconomic indicators. We found differing disaster impacts across industrial sectors, including changes in the output, prices, and flow of labor among industries. Our estimates provide scientific support for environmental planning, spatial planning, and disaster-risk management in this important region. They are also of reference value for the development of disaster management strategies in similar climatic regions around the world.

Direct and Indirect Economic Losses from Earthquake Damage

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Brookshire ◽  
Stephanie E. Chang ◽  
Hal Cochrane ◽  
Robert A. Olson ◽  
Adam Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Damage State ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Scenario Earthquakes ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
Actual Damage ◽  
Business Interruption

Earthquakes generate a variety of economic impacts. To obtain a consistent measure, the actual damage state must be linked to the dollar losses of the capital stock, and then translated into direct business interruption losses and the ensuing ripple effects that occur throughout the economy. The Earthquake Loss Estimation Methodology (HAZUS) facilitates a consistent set of loss estimations. The direct loss module of HAZUS calculates loss estimates for repair and replacement of building stock (structural and nonstructural), building contents and inventory, and business interruption losses. The direct losses information provides the inputs to the indirect loss module. The indirect loss module estimates the impacts by economic sectors over time and accounts for both earthquake-induced supply shortages and demand reductions. The results of a case study are presented that focus on the economic impacts of various scenario earthquakes that might occur in the Boston metropolitan area.

scholarly journals Economic Impacts of Irrigation-Constrained Agriculture in the Lower Po Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750003 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Pérez-Blanco ◽  
E. E. Koks ◽  
E. Calliari ◽  
J. Mysiak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Revealed Preference ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Po River ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
First Time

Climate change, increasing demand for water, higher environmental standards and inelastic water supply suggest that future drought response in Southern Europe would require more efficient management of water use. In this context, there is a pressing need for a better understanding of the economic impacts of irrigation restrictions, including their microeconomic and broad economic repercussions. This paper connects a multi-attribute Revealed Preference Model working at an agricultural district level with a regionally calibrated supply and use model that combines nonlinear programming and input-output modeling techniques to address water allocation issues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these two modeling approaches are combined in this fashion. Methods are illustrated with an application to the Lower Po River Basin (LPRB) in the Emilia Romagna Region, Italy. Results show that irrigation restrictions generate rising incremental losses in the agricultural districts of the LPRB, which are amplified through negative inter-sectorial feedbacks at a regional level. Contraction of production in Emilia Romagna results in an excess demand situation that propels the production of substitute goods elsewhere in Italy, partially but not fully compensating economic losses in the region. Methods and results offer a basis for assessing tradeoffs in irrigation restrictions and related adaptations, for climate change included.

scholarly journals Investigation of superstorm Sandy 2012 in a multi-disciplinary approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kunz ◽  
B. Mühr ◽  
T. Kunz-Plapp ◽  
J.E. Daniell ◽  
B. Khazai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Weather System ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. At the end of October 2012, Hurricane Sandy moved from the Caribbean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean and entered the United States not far from New York. Along its track, Sandy caused more than 200 fatalities and severe losses in Jamaica, Bahamas, Haiti, Cuba, and the US. This paper demonstrates the capability and potential for near-real time analysis of catastrophes. It is shown that the impact of Sandy was driven by the superposition of different extremes (high wind speeds, storm surge, heavy precipitation) and by cascading effects. In particular the interaction between Sandy and an extra-tropical weather system created a huge storm that affected large areas in the US. It is examined how Sandy compares to historic hurricane events, both from a hydro-meteorological and impact perspective. The distribution of losses to different sectors of the economy is calculated with simple input-output models as well as government estimates. Direct economic losses are estimated about 4.2 billion US$ in the Caribbean and between 78 and 97 billion US$ for the US. Indirect economic losses from power outages is estimated in the order of 16.3 billion US$. Modelling sector-specific dependencies, quantifies total business interruption losses between 10.8 and 15.5 billion US$. Thus, seven years after the record impact of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Hurricane Sandy is the second costliest hurricane in the history of the United States.

scholarly journals Sustaining Aquifers and their Water Economies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Baah-Kumi ◽  
Saud Amer ◽  
Frank Ward
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Permit Trading ◽  
Optimization Framework ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Aquifer Protection ◽  
Priority Allocation

Abstract A long-established practice of managing aquifers relies on pumping restrictions to curtail drawdowns, in spite of their high economic impacts and the serious disputes that can follow such decisions. This paper applies an empirical, quantitative hydro-economic model that helps aquifer managers reverse aquifer drawdowns while minimizing the economic losses from pumping restrictions. We develop and present an innovative optimization framework for identifying pumping restrictions that minimize economic losses from current economic activities while eliminating the unsustainable threats from falling aquifers. We investigate several alternative measures to reduce economic costs of pumping limitations, including a proportional sharing of reductions across uses, several priority allocation methods, and permitted pumping caps augmented by permit trading. Results show that the largest reduction in costs of aquifer protection occurs when permitted pumping caps are combined with trading. The model is applied to improve management of two heavily-pumped aquifers in Kenya, but are generalizable to many aquifers worldwide experiencing unsustainable pumping.

scholarly journals Understanding Business Disruption and Economic Losses Due to Electricity Failures and Flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elco Koks ◽  
Raghav Pant ◽  
Scott Thacker ◽  
Jim W. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Geospatial Modeling ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Infrastructure Services

Abstract Failure of critical national infrastructures can cause disruptions with widespread economic impacts. To analyze these economic impacts, we present an integrated modeling framework that combines: (1) geospatial information on infrastructure assets/networks and the natural hazards to which they are exposed; (2) geospatial modeling of the reliance of businesses upon infrastructure services, in order to quantify disruption to businesses locations and economic activities in the event of infrastructure failures; and (3) multiregional supply-use economic modeling to analyze wider economic impacts of disruptions to businesses. The methodology is exemplified through a case study for the United Kingdom. The study uses geospatial information on the location of electricity infrastructure assets and local industrial areas, and employs a multiregional supply-use model of the UK economy that traces the impacts of floods of different return intervals across 37 subnational regions of the UK. The results show up to a 300% increase in total economic losses when power outages are included in the risk assessment, compared to analysis that just includes the economic impacts of business interruption due to flooded business premises. This increase indicates that risk studies that do not include failure of critical infrastructures may be underestimating the total losses.

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