Factor Structure of Behaviors Demonstrating “Ganbatta” in Young Children Undergoing Blood Sampling/Vaccine Injection Perceived by Nurses: Exploratory Factor Analysis by a Cross-Sectional Survey in Japan

Abstract OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Self-efficacy Scale for the Establishment of Good Relationships with Families in Neonatal and Pediatric Hospital Settings. METHOD Methodological study grounded on self-efficacy theory was conducted in three phases: conceptual and operational definition (review of the literature and interviews with the target population), content validity (opinion of five experts e three clinical nurses), and exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency reliability (cross-sectional survey with a valid sample of 194 nurses). RESULTS A ten-point Likert scale with 40-item was designed and one item was excluded after review by experts. Three factors emerged from the exploratory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha for all items was 0.983 with item-total correlations in the range 0.657 to 0.847. Cronbach's alpha value if item deleted were less than or equal to 0.983. CONCLUSION The final version of the scale demonstrated psychometric adequacy. It is a useful tool to be administered in the clinical, educational and research nursing fields to measure nurses’ self-efficacy beliefs concerning the establishment of good relationships with families.

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Testing Two Student Nurse Stress Instruments in Chinese Nursing Students: A Comparative Study Using Exploratory Factor Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6987198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yiru Zhu ◽

Yanjin Liu ◽

Lina Guo ◽

Martyn C. Jones ◽

Yuanli Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Chinese Version ◽

Student Nurse ◽

Stress Index ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. The development and transformation of nursing within professional tertiary education have exerted a great pressure and challenge upon nursing students. Stress experienced by nursing students is a common precursor of psychological distress and attrition. However, no scale is specifically used to evaluate the sources of stress experienced by nursing students in Mainland China. Aims and Objective. This study is aimed at testing and comparing the reliability and validity including sensitivity and specificity of two nursing students’ stress instruments, the Chinese version of Student Nurse Stress Index Scale (SNSI-CHI), and the Stressors in Student Nursing Scale (SINS-CN) in Chinese nursing students, and describing the stress status of nursing students in China. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two nursing schools in Henan Province from August 2017 to January 2018. Data were collected by using a questionnaire comprising the Chinese version of SNSI (SNSI-CHI), the Chinese version of SINS (SINS-CN), and the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). Homogeneity and stability, content, construct and concurrent validity, and sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Results. The Cronbach’s alpha (α) of SNSI-CHI was 0.90, and the item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.35 to 0.66. The Cronbach’s α of SINS-CN was 0.93, and the item-to-total correlations ranged from 0.19 to 0.61. The findings of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) confirmed a good construct validity of SNSI-CHI and SINS-CN. The Pearson’s rank correlation coefficients, between total scores of SNSI-CHI and CPSS and SINS-CN and CPSS, were assessed to 0.38 ( P < 0.01 ) and 0.39 ( P < 0.01 ), respectively. Regarding the CPSS, as the criterion, the cut-points of SNSI-CHI and SINS-CN for the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve were 0.77and 0.66, respectively. Conclusion. Both scales are valid and reliable for evaluating the source of stress of student nurses in China. Each has its own characteristics, but the SNSI-CHI demonstrated marginal advantage over the SINS-CN. The SNSI-CHI is short, is easily understood, and with clear dimension for the nursing students, and the SNSI-CHI is more acceptable for the users in China.

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The Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire: Validation of a Shortened Version in U.S. Youths

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2020.606373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline R. Anderson ◽

Michael Killian ◽

Jennifer L. Hughes ◽

A. John Rush ◽

Madhukar H. Trivedi

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Self Report ◽

Questionnaire Validation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Report Measure

IntroductionResilience is a factor in how youth respond to adversity. The 88-item Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire is a comprehensive, multi-dimensional self-report measure of resilience developed with Australian youth.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional adolescent population (n = 3,222), confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to replicate the original factor structure. Over half of the adolescents were non-white and 9th graders with a mean age of 15.5.ResultsOur exploratory factor analysis shortened the measure for which we conducted the psychometric analyses. The original factor structure was not replicated. The exploratory factor analysis provided a 49-item measure. Internal consistency reliability for all 12 factors ranged from acceptable (α> 0.70–0.80). The revised factor total scores were highly and significantly correlated with item–total correlation coefficients (r > 0.63, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis revised shorter 49-item version of the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire could be deployed and has acceptable psychometric properties.

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Development of a revised Jalowiec Coping Scale for use by emergency clinicians: a cross-sectional scale development study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e033053

Author(s):

Jaimi H Greenslade ◽

Marianne C Wallis ◽

Amy Johnston ◽

Eric Carlström ◽

Daniel Wilhelms ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Item Reduction ◽

Urban Hospitals ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Coping Scale

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale to measure the coping strategies used by emergency staff in response to workplace stress. To achieve this aim, we developed a refined Jalowiec Coping Scale (JCS), termed the Jalowiec Coping Scale-Emergency Department (JCS-ED) and validated this scale on a sample of emergency clinicians.DesignA cross-sectional survey incorporating the JCS, the working environment scale-10 and a measure of workplace stressors was administered between July 2016 and June 2017. The JCS-ED was developed in three stages: 1) item reduction through content matter experts, 2) exploratory factor analysis for further item reduction and to identify the factor structure of the revised scale and 3) confirmatory factor analyses to confirm the factors identified within the exploratory factor analysis.SettingSix Emergency Departments (EDs) in Australia and four in Sweden. There were three tertiary hospitals, five large urban hospitals and two small urban hospitals.ParticipantsParticipants were eligible for inclusion if they worked full-time or part-time as medical or nursing staff in the study EDs. The median age of participants was 35 years (IQR: 28–45 years) and they had been working in the ED for a median of 5 years (IQR: 2–10 years). 79% were females and 76% were nurses.ResultsA total of 875 ED staff completed the survey (response rate 51%). The content matter experts reduced the 60-item scale to 32 items. Exploratory factor analyses then further reduced the scale to 18 items assessing three categories of coping: problem-focussed coping, positive emotion-focussed coping and negative emotion-focussed coping. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this three-factor structure. Negative coping strategies were associated with poor perceptions of the work environment and higher ratings of stress.ConclusionsThe JCS-ED assesses maladaptive coping strategies along with problem-focussed and emotion-focussed coping styles. It is a short instrument that is likely to be useful in measuring the types of coping strategies employed by staff.

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Psychometric properties of the reduced version of the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait in Farsi

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/emhj.21.066 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alaleh Vaziri ◽

Mohammad Selehi ◽

Peyman Hassani-Abharian ◽

Schwan Shariatirad ◽

Alireza Mahjoub ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Food Craving ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Factor ◽

Farsi Version

Background: It has been shown that food craving contribute to the development of weight and food-related pathologies. Thus, an accurate measurement of food craving is important for clinical and research purposes. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the reduced version of the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T-r), an internationally validated tool, in Farsi. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, 153 students of the University of Tehran were recruited between February and March 2019. Study measures included demographic characteristics, the Farsi version of FCQ-T-r, food craving questionnaires, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). Confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS AMOS (version 21) failed to support the one-factor structure of FCQ-T-r in Farsi, so we conducted an exploratory factor analysis to investigate the factor structure of the questionnaire. Results: Exploratory factor analysis found a 3-factor structure: factor 1 “preoccupation with food”, factor 2 “lack of control over eating” and factor 3 “emotional eating” explaining 73.3% of the variance. Internal consistency of the FCQ-T-r was excellent (McDonald’s ω = 0.950). The FCQ-T-r scores were correlated with body mass index, DASS-21, and WHOQOL-BREF values, which supports concurrent validity of the tool. Conclusion: The Farsi version of FCQ-T-r is a reliable and valid self-administrated tool to measure food craving traits among Iranian university students. Given the unstable factor structure of the questionnaire in different studies, further research to explore the factor structure of the tool is warranted.

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Exploratory Factor Analysis of Young’s Internet Addiction Test Among Professionals from India: An Online Survey

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717620932243 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 025371762093224

Author(s):

Mamidipalli Sai Spoorthy ◽

Lokesh Kumar Singh ◽

Sai Krishna Tikka ◽

Suchandra Hari Hara

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Online Survey ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Male Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

Background: Internet use has spread across the world due to easy accessibility and affordability. However, it has been creating many problems at several levels. So, there is a need to identify the suitability of psychometric properties and the factor structure of the widely used Internet Addiction Test (IAT) in the Indian settings. Our objective was to perform an exploratory factor analysis on the IAT and to test the reliability of the scale. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study that included various professional groups. We used an online questionnaire that included sociodemographic details and Young’s IAT. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the factor structure of Young’s IAT in the Indian setup. Results: The mean age of the sample (N = 1,782) was 27.7 years (SD = 8.74) with a predominantly male population 1040 (58.4%). In total, 1.0% (17) of the sample had significant problems with internet usage, whereas 13% (232) were in the range of frequent/occasional problems, and the mean score on IAT was 32 (SD = 16.42). Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors that explained 49% of the variance (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy: 0.95, Bartlett’s test of sphericity: P = 0.000). They were “mood and relationship issues” and “duration and productivity.” Cronbach’s α was 0.92, which indicates a high level of internal consistency. Conclusion: In Indian settings, IAT can be understood based on the two-factor structure. The scale has excellent reliability. Further studies are needed to replicate these results, by using confirmatory factor analysis and validity testing.

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Factor Analysis of Social Support for Hepatitis-C Patients in Punjab

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.36941/mjss-2020-0044 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Yasir Nawaz Manj ◽

Falak Sher ◽

Amjid Rehman ◽

Qaisar Khalid ◽

Malik Muhammad Sohail

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Research Design ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Instrumental Social Support

This exploratory study aimed to highlight the significance of social support for hepatic patients to cope with their ailments. For this purpose, the study developed and tested social support model for hepatitis C patients. The researchers used quantitative research design to conduct this study. A cross sectional survey was conducted in five district headquarters hospitals of the Punjab. Total 500 hepatic patients were interviewed in the hospitals. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that there were three constructs of social support namely; need for social support, available social support and instrumental social support. According to the results, hepatic patients felt that they need social support in order to cope with outcomes of this disease. The study suggested that socio-emotional care must be considered while treating hepatitis-C patients. Such care helped them to cope with the challenges faced by them during the treatment of this disease.

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What Do Customers Demand from Drug Stores in Japan? Construct Validity and Factor Structure of a Cross-Sectional Survey

Pharmacy ◽

10.3390/pharmacy6030098 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuuki Minamida ◽

Naoko Yoshida ◽

Mio Nishimaki-Tomizu ◽

Misato Hanada ◽

Kazuko Kimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Fit Indices ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Self Medication ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Customer Survey ◽

Three Factor

Studies concerning patient demands are mainly conducted at hospitals and pharmacies, whereas few surveys have been conducted on drug stores. The demand for drug stores is estimated to be increasing with growing needs for self-medication. Thus, conducting a customer survey at drug stores is thought to be valuable. The aim of the current study was to clarify the structure of customers’ demands for drug stores. The survey was conducted on 190 customers of 19 drug stores in Japan. The questionnaire consisted of 24 items using a 9-point Likert scale. The IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and Amos version 5 (IBM Japan, Tokyo, Japan) were utilized to perform factor analysis. Gender did not influence the response to each question. Factor analysis showed that the structure of customers’ demands consisted of three factors: (1) an explanation about medicine, (2) staff’s manners, and (3) location of drug stores. Because fit indices suggested a good fit, this three-factor solution was adopted as the final factor structure. This study demonstrated the structure of customers’ demands for drug stores, with the potential for use in promotion of self-medication.

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Satisfaction and needs of pharmacists in prescription-checking training: a cross-sectional survey

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060520965810 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (11) ◽

pp. 030006052096581

Author(s):

Wei Cheng ◽

Chen Wang ◽

Jing Ma ◽

Wen Ji ◽

Xiangli Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Teaching Method ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Clinical Expertise ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Training Organization

Objective Prescription checking is becoming increasingly prevalent in medical institutions. However, the prescription-checking ability of pharmacists requires improvement. The study aim was to explore the main aspects of prescription-checking training and provide an empirical reference for the training of pharmacists in medical institutions. Methods Participants were pharmacists willing to complete a Likert questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to examine percentages and composition ratios. The chi-square test and exploratory factor analysis were used for inferential analysis. Results The questionnaire showed good internal consistency reliability and validity. A total of 90% of participants were satisfied with the training. Exploratory factor analysis extracted three satisfaction dimensions: training organization, teaching method, and knowledge consolidation and assessment. The average examination score for the 20 courses was 89.21/100. Regarding trainee needs, 94.66% preferred face-to-face lectures, 89.33% expected high professional skills of the lecturers and 62.67% believed that clinical expertise was highly desirable. Conclusions There was a high demand for prescription-checking training among pharmacists. Trainees in this study showed high satisfaction. The most important aspects of prescription-checking training were training organization and knowledge consolidation and assessment. It is recommended that training should be stratified. Pharmacists preferred face-to-face and interactive lectures as a supplement to clinical knowledge.

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An investigation into the factor structure of the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) in a CBT training sample

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465820000983 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Sarah Beale ◽

Silia Vitoratou ◽

Sheena Liness

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Single Factor ◽

Behaviour Therapy ◽

Cognitive Behaviour ◽

Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background: Effective monitoring of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) competence depends on psychometrically robust assessment methods. While the UK Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R; Blackburn et al., 2001) has become a widely used competence measure in CBT training, practice and research, its underlying factor structure has never been investigated. Aims: This study aimed to present the first investigation into the factor structure of the CTS-R based on a large sample of postgraduate CBT trainee recordings. Method: Trainees (n = 382) provided 746 mid-treatment audio recordings for depression (n = 373) and anxiety (n = 373) cases scored on the CTS-R by expert markers. Tapes were split into two equal samples counterbalanced by diagnosis and with one tape per trainee. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The suggested factor structure and a widely used theoretical two-factor model were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Measurement invariance was assessed by diagnostic group (depression versus anxiety). Results: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution (98.68% explained variance), which was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. All 12 CTS-R items were found to contribute to this single factor. The univariate model demonstrated full metric invariance and partial scalar invariance by diagnosis, with one item (item 10 – Conceptual Integration) demonstrating scalar non-invariance. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the CTS-R is a robust homogenous measure and do not support division into the widely used theoretical generic versus CBT-specific competency subscales. Investigation into the CTS-R factor structure in other populations is warranted.

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