scholarly journals Satellite cells attract monocytes and use macrophages as a support to escape apoptosis and enhance muscle growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Chazaud ◽  
Corinne Sonnet ◽  
Peggy Lafuste ◽  
Guillaume Bassez ◽  
Anne-Cécile Rimaniol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Monocyte Recruitment ◽  
Chemotactic Factors ◽  
Urokinase System

Once escaped from the quiescence niche, precursor cells interact with stromal components that support their survival, proliferation, and differentiation. We examined interplays between human myogenic precursor cells (mpc) and monocyte/macrophages (MP), the main stromal cell type observed at site of muscle regeneration. mpc selectively and specifically attracted monocytes in vitro after their release from quiescence, chemotaxis declining with differentiation. A DNA macroarray–based strategy identified five chemotactic factors accounting for 77% of chemotaxis: MP-derived chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, fractalkine, VEGF, and the urokinase system. MP showed lower constitutive chemotactic activity than mpc, but attracted monocytes much strongly than mpc upon cross-stimulation, suggesting mpc-induced and predominantly MP-supported amplification of monocyte recruitment. Determination of [3H]thymidine incorporation, oligosomal DNA levels and annexin-V binding showed that MP stimulate mpc proliferation by soluble factors, and rescue mpc from apoptosis by direct contacts. We conclude that once activated, mpc, which are located close by capillaries, initiate monocyte recruitment and interplay with MP to amplify chemotaxis and enhance muscle growth.

scholarly journals miR-194-5p negatively regulates the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit skeletal muscle satellite cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Xudong Mao ◽  
Mingcheng Cai ◽  
Shenqiang Hu ◽  
Xiulan Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Abstract Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs), also known as a multipotential stem cell population, play a crucial role during muscle growth and regeneration. In recent years, numerous miRNAs have been associated with the proliferation and differentiation of SMSCs in a number of mammalian species; however, the regulatory mechanisms of miR-194-5p in rabbit SMSCs still remain scarce. In this study, miR-194-5p was first observed to be highly expressed in the rabbit leg muscle. Furthermore, both the mimics and inhibitor of miR-194-5p were used to explore its role in the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit SMSCs cultured in vitro. Results from both EdU and CCK8 assays showed that miR-194-5p inhibited the proliferation of SMSCs. Meanwhile, Mef2c was identified as a target gene of miR-194-5p based on the dual-luciferase reporter assay results. In addition, upregulation of miR-194-5p decreased the expression levels of Mef2c and MyoG during rabbit SMSCs differentiation on Days 3 and 7 of in vitro culture. Taken together, these data demonstrated that miR-194-5p negatively regulates the proliferation and differentiation of rabbit SMSCs by targeting Mef2c.

scholarly journals Caspase-14 reveals its secrets

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geertrui Denecker ◽  
Petra Ovaere ◽  
Peter Vandenabeele ◽  
Wim Declercq
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Unique Member ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Deficient Mice

Caspase-14 is a unique member of the evolutionarily conserved family of cysteinyl aspartate–specific proteinases, which are mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis. However, recent evidence also implicates these proteases in proliferation and differentiation. Although most caspases are ubiquitously expressed, caspase-14 expression is confined mainly to cornifying epithelia, such as the skin. Moreover, caspase-14 activation correlates with cornification, indicating that it plays a role in terminal keratinocyte differentiation. The determination of in vitro conditions for caspase-14 activity paved the way to identifying its substrates. The recent development of caspase-14–deficient mice underscored its importance in the correct degradation of (pro)filaggrin and in the formation of the epidermal barrier that protects against dehydration and UVB radiation. Here, we review the current knowledge on caspase-14 in skin homeostasis and disease.

scholarly journals Srf controls satellite cell fusion through the maintenance of actin architecture

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voahangy Randrianarison-Huetz ◽  
Aikaterini Papaefthymiou ◽  
Gaëlle Herledan ◽  
Chiara Noviello ◽  
Ulduz Faradova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Serum Response Factor ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Muscle Stem Cells ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis

Satellite cells (SCs) are adult muscle stem cells that are mobilized when muscle homeostasis is perturbed. Here, we show that serum response factor (Srf) is needed for optimal SC-mediated hypertrophic growth. We identified Srf as a master regulator of SC fusion required in both fusion partners, whereas it was dispensable for SC proliferation and differentiation. We show that SC-specific Srf deletion leads to impaired actin cytoskeleton and report the existence of finger-like actin–based protrusions at fusion sites in vertebrates that were notoriously absent in fusion-defective myoblasts lacking Srf. Restoration of a polymerized actin network by overexpression of an α-actin isoform in Srf mutant SCs rescued their fusion with a control cell in vitro and in vivo and reestablished overload-induced muscle growth. These findings demonstrate the importance of Srf in controlling the organization of actin cytoskeleton and actin-based protrusions for myoblast fusion in mammals and its requirement to achieve efficient hypertrophic myofiber growth.

scholarly journals Exogenous Expression of an Alternative Splicing Variant of Myostatin Prompts Leg Muscle Fiber Hyperplasia in Japanese Quail

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Renee Chen ◽  
Yeunsu Suh ◽  
Sangsu Shin ◽  
Rachel Marie Woodfint ◽  
Seongsoo Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Myostatin (MSTN) negatively regulates muscle growth and development through inhibiting myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Five alternative splicing isoforms of MSTN (MSTN-A to MSTN-E) have been discovered in domestic avian species. MSTN-A has high expression in skeletal muscle and encodes the full-length peptide with anti-myogenic activity. Another isoform, MSTN-B, is also highly expressed in skeletal muscle and encodes a truncated peptide that has pro-myogenic capabilities in vitro, which include promoting the proliferation and differentiation of quail muscle precursor cells. The objective of this study was to investigate overexpression of MSTN-B in vivo by using two independent lines of transgenic Japanese quail with expression directed in the skeletal muscle. Unexpectedly, the chicken skeletal muscle alpha actin 1 (cACTA1) promoter resulted in restricted exogenous MSTN-B protein expression to certain skeletal muscles, such as the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, but not the pectoralis major muscle. Gastrocnemius weight as a percentage of body weight in transgenic quail was increased compared to non-transgenic quail at posthatch day 21 (D21) and posthatch D42. An increase in the size of the gastrocnemius in transgenic quail was attributed to an increase in fiber number but not fiber cross-sectional area (CSA). During embryonic development, paired box 7 (PAX7) expression was prolonged in the transgenic embryos, but other myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) were unchanged after MSTN-B overexpression. Taken together, these data provide novel insights into the regulation of skeletal muscle development by alternative splicing mechanisms in avians.

Surface Electric Fields of Apatite Electret Promote Osteoblastic Responses

2012 ◽  
Vol 529-530 ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Nakamura ◽  
Akiko Nagai ◽  
Kimihiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

The osteoblast behaviors on the biomaterial substrates are recognized to play a fundamental role in osteoconduction process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro behaviors of osteoblasts cultured on electrically polarized hydroxyapatite (HA), having the enhanced osteobonding abilities. Osteoblasts derived from mouse bone marrow were seeded onto the polarized HA and investigated the proliferation and differentiation. The polarization had effects on the proliferation of osteoblast precursor cells based on the MTT assay. The acceleration was emerged as the early achievement to the confluence on the N-HA and P-HA. The quantitative analysis of the results of ALP and AR-S staining, the charges induced on the HA surface accelerated the differentiation from the osteoblast precursor cells to mature osteoblasts.

Effects and Potential Mechanisms of Alcohol Use Disorder on the Fate Determination of Newly Born Neurons in the Hippocampus

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Zahra Shabani ◽  
Mohsen Jafarzadeh Gharehziaaddin
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract In the adult mammalian brain, new functional neurons are generated throughout life because of sustained proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). The subventricular zone (SVZ), lining the lateral ventricle, and the subgranular zone (SGZ) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus are the two major neurogenic regions in the adult brain. This process is not fixed but is highly modulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Neurogenesis has become in the focus of interest for its involvement in repairing the damaged brain and this motivates researchers to detect controlling mechanisms of this process. Recent evidence suggests that alcohol usage can directly influence adult hippocampal neurogenesis, but its mechanisms remain a matter for debate. Thus, this review summarizes in vivo/in vitro studies on the role of alcohol in hippocampal neurogenesis during adulthood and clarifies its underlying mechanisms by highlighting neurotransmitters and their receptors.

scholarly journals Prolonged underfeeding of sheep increases myostatin and myogenic regulatory factor Myf-5 in skeletal muscle while IGF-I and myogenin are repressed

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Jeanplong ◽  
JJ Bass ◽  
HK Smith ◽  
SP Kirk ◽  
R Kambadur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Muscle Necrosis

The IGF axis is nutritionally sensitive in vivo and IGFs stimulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro, while myostatin inhibits these processes in vitro. We hypothesised that underfeeding would reversibly inhibit the myogenic activity of satellite cells in vivo together with decreased IGF-I and increased myostatin in muscle. Satellite cell activity was measured indirectly from the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD, Myf-5 and myogenin. Young sheep were underfed (30% of maintenance) and some killed after 1, 4, 12, 17, 21 and 22 weeks. Remaining underfed animals were then re-fed a control ration of pellets and killed after 2 days, and 1, 6 and 30 weeks. Expression of PCNA and MRFs decreased during the first week of underfeeding. This coincided with reduced IGF-I and myostatin mRNA, and processed myostatin. Subsequently, Myf-5, MyoD, myostatin mRNA and processed myostatin increased, suggesting that satellite cells may have become progressively quiescent. Long-term underfeeding caused muscle necrosis in some animals and IGF-I and MRF expression was increased in these, indicating the activation of satellite cells for muscle repair. Re-feeding initiated rapid muscle growth and increased expression of PCNA, IGF-I and the MRFs concurrently with decreased myostatin proteins. In conclusion, these data indicate that IGF-I and myostatin may work in a coordinated manner to regulate the proliferation, differentiation and quiescence of satellite cells in vivo.

Primary culture of single ectodermal precursors of Drosophila reveals a dorsoventral prepattern of intrinsic neurogenic and epidermogenic capabilities at the early gastrula stage

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Luer ◽  
G.M. Technau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Precursor Cells ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Division Pattern ◽  
Dorsal Ectoderm ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Almost All

We have analyzed the development in vitro of individual precursor cells from the presumptive truncal segmental ectoderm of the Drosophila embryo to study the intrinsic component in the determination of cell fate. For each cultured cell, the original position within as well as the developmental stage of the donor embryo were known. Cells removed from the ventral neurogenic region develop neural clones. Cells from the dorsal ectoderm and from the dorsalmost part of the ventral neurogenic ectoderm develop epidermal clones. These two classes of clones differ with respect to their division pattern, adhesiveness, cell morphologies and the expression of cell-specific markers. Mixed neural/epidermal clones were obtained from a fraction of precursors at almost all dorsoventral sites. We conclude that, at the onset of gastrulation, precursor cells of the truncal segmental ectoderm already have the capability to develop as either neuroblasts or epidermoblasts in the absence of further cell interactions. At the same time, positional cues distributed along the dorsoventral axis equip precursors with intrinsic preferences towards the neural or epidermal fate, thus defining a prepattern of high neurogenic preferences ventrally, and high epidermogenic preferences dorsally. It is likely that this prepattern is involved in defining the extent of the ventral neurogenic and dorsal epidermogenic regions of the ectoderm. The roles of intrinsic capabilities versus extrinsic influences in the regulation of the characteristic pattern of segregation of the two lineages are discussed.

Placenta Derived Adherent Cells (PDACs) Suppress Tumor Cells of Diverse Origin.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4813-4813
Author(s):  
Ryhor Harbacheuski ◽  
Casper Paludan ◽  
Rose Ann Murray ◽  
Megan Mendillo ◽  
Jorge Soler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1

Abstract The placenta is a readily available and ethically non-controversial source of large amounts of therapeutic stem cells. We isolated adherent cells from the Umbilical Cord (UC) and the Amnion Chorion (AC) of term placentas. These Placenta Derived Adherent Cells (PDACs) displayed a cell surface phenotype of CD29+, CD44+, CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD200+, CD34−, and constitutively secreted IL-6, IL-8 and Monocyte Chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). PDACs demonstrated in vitro pluripotency and suppressed T cell proliferation in both the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction, and the autologous EBV regression assay. Because progenitor cells have been described to inhibit tumor growth in some systems, the role of PDACs in tumor suppression was investigated. EBV transformed tumor cells were cultured either alone, or with AC or UC PDACs. After 6 days, live (7-AAD− Annexin-V−) tumor cells were counted on a flow cytometer. Free growing tumor cells numbered 40,000. When tumor cells were co-cultured with AC or UC PDACs, the growth was suppressed to 10,000 cells, a suppression of 75%. We designed and tested a panel of tumor cell lines that included retinoblastoma (RB), histiocytic lymphoma (HL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and colon adenocarcinoma (CAC). The tissue origin of the selected tumor cell lines included neuronal tissue (retinoblastoma), epithelium (carcinomas) and the hematopoietic lineage (lymphomas and CML). Co-culture experiments showed that the growth of all tumor lines was suppressed more than 40%. When a transwell was introduced separating PDACs and tumor cells, contact dependency of suppression was 12% for HL, 22% for CML, 42% for CAC, and 51% for EBV transformed tumor cells. These results indicate that PDACs may have therapeutic value with respect to certain cancers.

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