scholarly journals HIGH CONCENTRATION OF INJECTED TITANIUM DIOXIDE IN ABDOMINAL LYMPH NODES

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Huggins ◽  
Jeffrey P. Froehlich
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Upper Abdomen ◽  
Small Clusters

In the rat the greatest accumulation, in any anatomical structure, of titanium dioxide following its intravenous injection was found in two small clusters of lymph nodes in upper abdomen behind the peritoneum. These are the lymph nodes of the liver. This extraordinary quantitative characteristic of the abdominal clusters is attributed to their topography which results in progressive filtration of particulate matter from hepatic lymph.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals THE DEMONSTRATION OF LESIONS AND VIRUS IN THE LUNGS OF MICE RECEIVING LARGE INTRA-PERITONEAL INOCULATIONS OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA VIRUS

1938 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Rickard ◽  
Thomas Francis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Intranasal Infection ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation ◽  
Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Following the intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with large doses of epidemic influenza virus (50,000 to 1 million intranasal M.L.D.) it can be recovered from the lungs in high concentration, and pulmonary lesions of moderate extent may be observed. The virus reaches its highest titer in the lungs 48 to 72 hours after intraperitoneal injection and may persist for 10 days. Virus may be recovered from the blood in the first 24 hours, but is readily detected in the omentum and peritoneum for 5 to 6 days. Mice which as a result of the intraperitoneal injection of virus show a high concentration of virus in the lungs do not die but become solidly immune to intranasal infection. Moreover, as early as 24 to 48 hours after intraperitoneal inoculation of large amounts of virus the animals may exhibit resistance to infection with fatal doses of virus given intranasally. Influenza virus given intravenously to mice is rapidly removed from the blood but persists in the lungs and induces pulmonary lesions. Virus can also be recovered from the liver for several days. With subcutaneous inoculation of influenza virus, however, the virus does not reach the blood or lungs in detectable amounts although the regional lymph nodes may yield considerable quantities of the agent. A brief consideration is presented of the mechanisms of infection and resistance which may be involved.

C-axis preferentially oriented and fully activated TiO2 nanotube arrays for lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 11454-11464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengyu Pan ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Xueyuan Wang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Haobo Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Arrays

We report the fabrication of long titanium dioxide nanotube arrays with highly c-axis preferentially oriented crystallization and a high concentration of oxygen vacancies by second anodization in ethylene glycol and annealing under poor-oxygen conditions.

scholarly journals Relationships between Meteorological Parameters and Particulate Matter in Mae Hong Son Province, Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wissanupong Kliengchuay ◽  
Aronrag Cooper Meeyai ◽  
Suwalee Worakhunpiset ◽  
Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Pm10 Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ambient Concentrations

Meteorological parameters play an important role in determining the prevalence of ambient particulate matter (PM) in the upper north of Thailand. Mae Hong Son is a province located in this region and which borders Myanmar. This study aimed to determine the relationships between meteorological parameters and ambient concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 µm in diameter (PM10) in Mae Hong Son. Parameters were measured at an air quality monitoring station, and consisted of PM10, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and meteorological factors, including temperature, rainfall, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and relative humidity (RH). Nine years (2009–2017) of pollution and climate data obtained from the Thai Pollution Control Department (PCD) were used for analysis. The results of this study indicate that PM10 is influenced by meteorological parameters; high concentration occurred during the dry season and northeastern monsoon seasons. Maximum concentrations were always observed in March. The PM10 concentrations were significantly related to CO and O3 concentrations and to RH, giving correlation coefficients of 0.73, 0.39, and −0.37, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Additionally, the hourly PM10 concentration fluctuated within each day. In general, it was found that the reporting of daily concentrations might be best suited to public announcements and presentations. Hourly concentrations are recommended for public declarations that might be useful for warning citizens and organizations about air pollution. Our findings could be used to improve the understanding of PM10 concentration patterns in Mae Hong Son and provide information to better air pollution measures and establish a warning system for the province.

scholarly journals Airborne Particulate Matter Density in Traditional Bakeries of Saveh, Central of Iran, in 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edris Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Mehrzad Ghorbani ◽  
Mahdi Safari ◽  
Najmeh Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flour Dust ◽  
Average Size ◽  
High Level ◽  
Respirable Particulate

Introduction: High concentration of inhalable airborne particles can increase the risk of lung disease in exposed people. This study aimed to determine the respirable particulate matter (PM5) concentration in traditional bakeries of Saveh in 2020. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 25 bakeries where the samples were collected by cyclone and teflon filter equipped by air sampling pump. Later, the respirable particulate matter concentration was measured using gravimetric method. The collected PM5 was scanned using a FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) with regard to flour dust. In addition, size and shape of the collected PM5 were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Findings showed that the Lavash bakery had the highest PM5 concentration (9.15 mg/m3) in comparison with two other bakeries (Sangak and Barbari). However, an inverse relationship was observed between RH and particle concentration. In addition, the results demonstrated that increasing RH decreased the particle concentration, but the relationship was not significant (P = 0.052, Spearman's rho = -0.393). Furthermore, Lavash bakery had the lowest average size of PM5 (0.63 ± 0.32 μm). However, the FTIR scans confirmed that the flour dust had the predominant amount of PM5. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the density of respirable PM5 has a high level in Saveh bakeries and workers  are exposed to high levels of PM.

scholarly journals Internal particulate matter pollution in educational building

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
K. Nowak-Dzieszko ◽  
T. Kisilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Change Intensity ◽  
Pm 10

The authors undertook research on the proper strategy of operation of educational building with gravitational ventilation in historic city center with high concentration of particulate matter PM10 and PM 2.5. In this facility the momentary increase in carbon dioxide concentration is often very high, and at the same time health requirements regarding atmospheric aerosol should be absolutely met. That is why long-term measurements of PM concentration outside and inside, as well as carbon dioxide concentration inside were carried out. CO2 was used also as a tracer gas for measurement of air change intensity. The article presents the first results of these tests and a correlation that occurs between the external and internal concentration of particulate matter PM 10 and PM 2.5. Due to a significant filtration effect of the external building envelope and particle deposition a potential conflict between required gravitational ventilation intensity and internal air pollution with particulate matters was partially reduced.

Behavior of particulate matter during high concentration episodes in Seoul

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 5972-5982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon-Ho Choi ◽  
Young Sung Ghim ◽  
Young-Soo Chang ◽  
Kweon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
High Concentration

Splenomegaly and other disorders of the spleen

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bunch
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Upper Abdomen ◽  
Red Pulp

The spleen is a predominantly lymphoid organ, normally about the size of a clenched fist located beneath the diaphragm in the left upper abdomen. It has a dual role as a filter for the circulation, and a primary lymphoid organ in its own right. About three-quarters of its volume is a matrix of capillaries and sinuses (the red pulp), through which blood is able to percolate slowly and come into contact with fixed macrophages, which are able to remove senescent or damaged red cells, or other particulate matter such as bacteria. The lymphoid tissue is organized into scattered follicles (the white pulp), which have a particularly important role in initiating primary humoral immune responses and antibody (IgM) synthesis. The spleen commonly enlarges when either its filtration function is increased—as in haemolysis—or it is stimulated by infection or inflammation. It may also be involved in myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative neoplasias. This chapter covers hypersplenism, splenectomy, hyposplenism, overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI), and other infections in hyposplenic patients.

scholarly journals Nature of the Interstitials in Titanium Dioxide and Their Impact on Transmission Coefficient:Ab InitioCalculations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Changfu Xia ◽  
Wenshi Li ◽  
Aimin Ji ◽  
Canyan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Random Access Memory ◽  
Resistive Random Access Memory ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Access Memory ◽  
Excess Electrons

Theab initiocalculations about the properties of the interstitials doping in the rutile TiO2and their impact on the transport coefficients are reported. As the doping of the Zr or Ti interstitials in the TiO2, the lattice Ti4+ions acquire the excess electrons so reduced to the Ti3+or Ti2+ions. However, the Cu interstitials could not lose enough electrons to reduce the lattice Ti4+ions. Furthermore, the Ti or Cu interstitials in the ZrO2also are unable to promote the lattice Zr4+ions to form the lattice Zr3+or Zr2+ions. The high transport coefficients are observed in the defected TiO2with the Ti or Zr interstitials as the high concentration of the Ti3+or Ti2+ions. So, the Zr interstitials are the favorable choice for the extra-doping to improve the transport properties in the TiO2-based resistive random access memory.

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