scholarly journals Fever and immunoregulation. III. Hyperthermia augments the primary in vitro humoral immune response.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (4) ◽  
pp. 1229-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
H D Jampel ◽  
G W Duff ◽  
R K Gershon ◽  
E Atkins ◽  
S K Durum
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Fever Response ◽  
And Function

We have examined the possibility that hyperthermia, such as that occurring during fever, may benefit the immune response. The effect of temperature on the in vitro immune response of unprimed murine spleen cells against the antigen sheep erythrocytes was tested. Hyperthermia potently augmented the plaque-forming cell response. Temperature-sensitive events occurred early in the culture period. Subsets of lymphocytes were independently assessed for effects of temperature on their activation and function. We showed that the beneficial effect of elevated temperature on the plaque-forming cell response probably occurs during the priming stage of T helper cells, and neither improves the delivery of help or the activation of B cells, nor impairs suppressor T cell generation or function. We propose that this powerful immunopotentiating effect of hyperthermia may account for the selective value of the fever response. This suggests taht the monokine interleukin 1, which is the endogenous mediator of fever, may promote immune responses both through a direct action on lymphocytes, and indirectly by an action on the central nervous system resulting in fever.

scholarly journals Decitabine Promotes Modulation in Phenotype and Function of Monocytes and Macrophages That Drive Immune Response Regulation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Fabiana Albani Zambuzi ◽  
Priscilla Mariane Cardoso-Silva ◽  
Ricardo Cardoso Castro ◽  
Caroline Fontanari ◽  
Flavio da Silva Emery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Polarization ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Decitabine is an approved hypomethylating agent used for treating hematological malignancies. Although decitabine targets altered cells, epidrugs can trigger immunomodulatory effects, reinforcing the hypothesis of immunoregulation in treated patients. We therefore aimed to evaluate the impact of decitabine treatment on the phenotype and functions of monocytes and macrophages, which are pivotal cells of the innate immunity system. In vitro decitabine administration increased bacterial phagocytosis and IL-8 release, but impaired microbicidal activity of monocytes. In addition, during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, treatment promoted the M2-like profile, with increased expression of CD206 and ALOX15. Macrophages also demonstrated reduced infection control when exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. However, cytokine production remained unchanged, indicating an atypical M2 macrophage. Furthermore, when macrophages were cocultured with lymphocytes, decitabine induced a reduction in the release of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, maintaining IL-10 production, suggesting that decitabine could potentialize M2 polarization and might be considered as a therapeutic against the exacerbated immune response.

scholarly journals The immune response against myelin basic protein in two strains of rat with different genetic capacity to develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

1975 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D E McFarlin ◽  
S C Hsu ◽  
S B Slemenda ◽  
F C Chou ◽  
R F Kibler
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Allergic Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Experimental Allergic

After challenge with guiena pig basic protein (GPBP) Lewis (Le) rats, which are homozygous for the immune response experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (Ir-EAE) gene, developed positive delayed skin tests against GPBP and the 43 residue encephalitogenic fragment (EF); in addition, Le rat lymph node cells (LNC) were stimulated and produced migration inhibitory factor (MIF) when incubated in vitro with these antigens. In contrast Brown Norway (BN) rats, which lack the Ir-EAE gene, did not develop delayed skin tests to EF and their LNC were not stimulated and did not produce MIF when incubated in vitro with EF. These observations indicate that the Ir-EAE gene controls a T-cell response against the EF. Le rats produced measurable anti-BP antibody by radioimmunoassay after primary challenge. Although no antibody was detectable in BN rats by radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoelectrophoresis indicated that a small amount of antibody was formed after primary immunization. After boosting intraperitoneally, both strains of rat exhibited a rise in anti-BP antibody; which was greater in Le rats. In both strains of rat the anti-BP antibody reacted with a portion of the molecule other than the EF. Since EF primarily evokes a T cell response, it is suggested that the EF portion of the BP molecule may contain a helper determinant in antibody production.

scholarly journals Attenuation of Apoptosis Underlies B Lymphocyte Stimulator Enhancement of Humoral Immune Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 192 (7) ◽  
pp. 953-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K.G. Do ◽  
Eunice Hatada ◽  
Hayyoung Lee ◽  
Michelle R. Tourigny ◽  
David Hilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
B Cell Survival ◽  
B Lymphocyte Stimulator

B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a newly identified monocyte-specific TNF family cytokine. It has been implicated in the development of autoimmunity, and functions as a potent costimulator with antiimmunoglobulin M in B cell proliferation in vitro. Here we demonstrate that BLyS prominently enhances the humoral responses to both T cell–independent and T cell–dependent antigens, primarily by attenuation of apoptosis as evidenced by the prolonged survival of antigen-activated B cells in vivo and in vitro. BLyS acts on primary splenic B cells autonomously, and directly cooperates with CD40 ligand (CD40L) in B cell activation in vitro by protecting replicating B cells from apoptosis. Moreover, although BLyS alone cannot activate the cell cycle, it is sufficient to prolong the survival of naive resting B cells in vitro. Attenuation of apoptosis by BLyS correlates with changes in the ratios between Bcl-2 family proteins in favor of cell survival, predominantly by reducing the proapoptotic Bak and increasing its prosurvival partners, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. In either resting or CD40L-activated B cells, the NF-κB transcription factors RelB and p50 are specifically activated, suggesting that they may mediate BLyS signals for B cell survival. Together, these results provide direct evidence for BLyS enhancement of both T cell–independent and T cell–dependent humoral immune responses, and imply a role for BLyS in the conservation of the B cell repertoire. The ability of BLyS to increase B cell survival indiscriminately, at either a resting or activated state, and to cooperate with CD40L, further suggests that attenuation of apoptosis underlies BLyS enhancement of polyclonal autoimmunity as well as the physiologic humoral immune response.

scholarly journals Insulin biosynthesis in the bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, and the effect of temperature

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Moule ◽  
Cecil C. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Control Tissue ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Lower Temperature

Insulin biosynthesis in the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (Le Sueur), was studied by measuring the incorporation in vitro of [3H]leucine into proteins of the principal islet. The tissue was incubated for 6–15h in Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate buffer with [3H]leucine, supplemented with amino acids and glucose. Proteins, precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and extracted with acid ethanol, were separated by gel-filtration on Biogel P-30 in 3m-acetic acid. Three major components were found after incubation of the islets at 22°C. On the basis of the results of sulphitolysis, biological activity and the demonstrated precursor–product relationship, components I and II were identified as proinsulin and insulin respectively. The third component was not identified. At 12°C, [3H]leucine was incorporated only into proinsulin. No radioactivity was found in insulin or the unidentified component III at 12°C as was found after incubation at 22°C. When the temperature was lowered from 22° to 12°C after 3h of a 15h incubation, decreased conversion of proinsulin into insulin resulted at the lower temperature compared with the control tissue maintained at 22°C. When the temperature was raised from 12° to 22°C at 3h of a 15h incubation, conversion of proinsulin into insulin occurred. No conversion occurred in the control tissue with the temperature maintained at 12°C. No qualitative difference in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into proinsulin and its conversion into insulin at 12° and 22°C could be demonstrated between islet tissue from fish acclimated to less than 12°C or to 22°C. The results suggest that the enzyme(s) responsible for converting proinsulin into insulin in the bullhead may be temperature sensitive with low activity at 12°C.

Effects of Actinomyces and Fusobacterium on humoral immune response in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Yoshie ◽  
Takashi Mitsuma ◽  
Keniti Kozima ◽  
Kohji Hara
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Immune Response In Vitro

scholarly journals Antibodies Induced by Lipoarabinomannan in Bovines: Characterization and Effects on the Interaction betweenMycobacterium aviumSubsp.paratuberculosisand MacrophagesIn Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Jolly ◽  
Silvia Beatriz Colavecchia ◽  
Bárbara Fernández ◽  
Eloy Fernández ◽  
Silvia Leonor Mundo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Macrophage Cell Line ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Bovine Macrophage

Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a major glycolipidic antigen on the mycobacterial envelope. The aim of this study was to characterize the humoral immune response induced by immunization with a LAM extract in bovines and to evaluate the role of the generated antibodies in thein vitroinfection of macrophages withMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis(MAP). Sera from fourteen calves immunized with LAM extract or PBS emulsified in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant and from five paratuberculosis-infected bovines were studied. LAM-immunized calves developed specific antibodies with IgG1 as the predominant isotype. Serum immunoglobulins were isolated and their effect was examined in MAP ingestion and viability assays using a bovine macrophage cell line. Our results show that the antibodies generated by LAM immunization significantly increase MAP ingestion and reduce its intracellular viability, suggesting an active role in this model.

scholarly journals Role of Bordetella bronchisepticaFimbriae in Tracheal Colonization and Development of a Humoral Immune Response

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 2024-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Mattoo ◽  
Jeff F. Miller ◽  
Peggy A. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Tissue Culture Cell ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Fimbriae are filamentous, cell surface structures which have been proposed to mediate attachment of Bordetella species to respiratory epithelium. Bordetella bronchiseptica has four known fimbrial genes: fim2, fim3,fimX, and fimA. While these genes are unlinked on the chromosome, their protein products are assembled and secreted by a single apparatus encoded by the fimBCD locus. ThefimBCD locus is embedded within the fha operon, whose genes encode another putative adhesin, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). We have constructed a Fim− B. bronchiseptica strain, RB63, by introducing an in-frame deletion extending from fimB through fimD. Western blot analysis showed that RB63 is unable to synthesize fimbriae but is unaffected for FHA expression. Using this mutant, we assessed the role of fimbriae in pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo in natural animal hosts. Although RB63 was not significantly defective in its ability to adhere to various tissue culture cell lines, including human laryngeal HEp-2 cells, it was considerably altered in its ability to cause respiratory tract infections in rats. The number of ΔfimBCD bacteria recovered from the rat trachea at 10 days postinoculation was significantly decreased compared to that of wild-type B. bronchiseptica and was below the limit of detection at 30 and 60 days postinoculation. The number of bacteria recovered from the nasal cavity and larynx was not significantly different between RB63 and the wild-type strain at any time point. The ability of fimbriae to mediate initial attachment to tracheal tissue was tested in an intratracheal inoculation assay. Significantly fewer RB63 than wild-type bacteria were recovered from the tracheas at 24 h after intratracheal inoculation. These results demonstrate that fimbriae are involved in enhancing the ability of B. bronchiseptica to establish tracheal colonization and are essential for persistent colonization at this site. Interestingly, anti-Bordetella serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were significantly lower in animals infected with RB63 than in animals infected with wild-type B. bronchiseptica at 10 days postinoculation. Even at 30 days postinoculation, RB63-infected animals had lower serum anti-Bordetella antibody titers in general. This disparity in antibody profiles suggests that fimbriae are also important for the induction of a humoral immune response.

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