scholarly journals Listeria meningitis: identification of a cerebrospinal fluid inhibitor of macrophage listericidal function as interleukin 10.

1993 ◽  
Vol 178 (4) ◽  
pp. 1255-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Frei ◽  
D Nadal ◽  
H W Pfister ◽  
A Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Activated Macrophages ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Listeria Meningitis

The killing of bacteria gaining access to the central nervous system is insufficient and requires bactericidal antibiotics for treatment. The inefficient host response in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is thought to be due to impaired phagocytosis in CSF, and low local concentration of antibody and complement. In addition, the CSF may contain inhibitors, disabling phagocytes to eliminate bacteria. We have assessed the bactericidal activity of macrophages in the presence of CSF from mice infected intracerebrally with Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Pretreatment of J774A.1 macrophages with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) resulted in high levels of nitric oxide-dependent intracellular killing of LM. CSF taken from mice 24 h after infection (CSF-LM 24) contained IFN-gamma and induced killing of LM by macrophages. However, pulsing J774A.1 cells with IFN-gamma in the presence of CSF obtained from mice at later time points (48 h) rendered macrophages partly permissive for intracellular Listeria growth. The inhibitor detected in CSF-LM 48 was identified as IL-10 since: (a) IL-10 dose dependently impaired the listericidal activity of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages; (b) anti-IL-10 antibodies abrogated the bacterial growth permissive effect of CSF-LM 48; and (c) IL-10 was detected in CSF-LM 48 but not in CSF-LM 24 or CSF of mock-injected animals (CSF-Co). Likewise, IL-10 was found in the CSF of 95% of patients with bacterial meningitis.

Cytokine Levels in Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid during Tetanus: Possible Immune Activation

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Perrella ◽  
G. Liguori ◽  
M. Martinelli ◽  
L. Finelli ◽  
D. Guarnaccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Intrathecal Therapy ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Because of the possible involvement of cytokines in tetanus, we investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum levels of granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in eight patients affected by uncomplicated tetanus before intrathecal therapy with immunoglobulins. We observed a significant increase of cytokines levels in CSF respect to controls (p<0.001). In particular IFN-gamma, followed by GM-CSF, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, while IL-1 alpha was not detectable in either serum or CSF. Moreover, no correlation was found between serum and CSF cytokine levels. These results could indicate an intrathecal production of these cytokines and a possible immunologic activation occuring in the central nervous system (CNS). Since this study is preliminary, we do not conclude that the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels could represent a useful marker in the course of tetanus.

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

scholarly journals Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Petr Kelbich ◽  
Aleš Hejčl ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Tomáš Radovnický ◽  
Inka Matuchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.

The 795CT polymorphism in osteopontin gene is not associated with multiple sclerosis in a Spanish population

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mas ◽  
A Martínez ◽  
V De Las Heras ◽  
M Bartolomé ◽  
Eg De La Concha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Cytokine Network ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Negative Finding ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. The dysregulation of the cytokine network is an important component of its pathogenesis. One of the cytokines produced by activated T-cells is osteopontin (OPN). OPN enhances the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma, while reducing interleukin-10 levels. Therefore, OPN is considered a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and could play a key role in MS pathogenesis. The OPN gene contains several common polymorphisms, distributed in two main haplotypes, which may modulate its production or activity. A total of 326 MS patients and 484 healthy controls were typed for 795CT OPN polymorphism. In order to perform a familial study, 51 progenitor pairs were also included. No difference was found in the case-control or family study. This negative finding is inconsistent with a previous haplotype study in an Italian population, where the haplotype associated carried the low-frequency allele in position 795. In a Japanese population, a similar study yielded no association with this polymorphism. In conclusion, our data suggest that the 795 polymorphism does not play an etiological role per se and the haplotype structure may differ from one population to another. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 250–252. http://msj.sagepub.com

Chapter 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gredmark-Russ ◽  
Renata Varnaite
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

Takata-Aga reaction in the study of cerebrospinal fluid

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1182-1182
Author(s):  
D. K. Bogoroditsky
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
The State ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The technique of this reaction, suggested by two Japanese authors, Takata and Aga, in 1926, consists in adding 1 drop of a 10% Na carbonici solution and 0.3 of a freshly prepared mixture of equal parts 0.5% sulfa solution and 0.02% fuchsin (non-acid) solution to 1 cc of liquid. The mixture is shaken well and left in a test tube, and examined now after shaking, after h, after h, and after 24 h. Having tested this reaction in 60 patients, D.K. Bogoroditsky found that it is a very subtle indicator of the state of the central nervous system.

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