scholarly journals THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCIC SERUM

1917 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufus Cole ◽  
Henry F. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Immune Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Immunological Specificity ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Living Organisms

In the production of immune serum for therapeutic purposes strict attention must be paid to the immunological specificity of the bacteria used for immunization. At present the only serum of which the therapeutic value has been proven is that effective against Type I pneumococcus infection. This serum should have agglutinating power for Type I pneumococcus and should have the power of protecting mice against large amounts of virulent culture. Experiments have shown that for producing the primary immunity most rapidly several series of small doses of dead cultures should be given, the injections being made daily for 6 to 7 days, followed by a week in which no injections are made. To produce the highest type of immunity probably living organisms are required. These should be given in moderate doses daily for 3 days, with an interval of a week between each series of injections. By following accurately the methods described, horses may be made to produce rapidly a high grade of specific serum. The observations so far made indicate the importance of employing small doses of culture frequently repeated in this form of immunization.

scholarly journals THE CONCENTRATION OF THE PROTECTIVE BODIES IN ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM. SPECIFIC PRECIPITATE EXTRACTS

1915 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Chickering
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Extractive Agent ◽  
Bacterial Extract ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Active Immunity ◽  
Successive Addition

1. The protective substances contained in specific precipitates from antipneumococcus serum can be extracted by suitable chemical and physical agents, dilute sodium carbonate at 42°C. being especially advantageous as an extractive agent. 2. The resulting water-clear extracts, when made up to the original volume of the serum used for precipitation, protect animals almost as well as does the whole serum. 3. The bacterial extracts used in precipitating the protective substances from the serum act specifically; that is, a bacterial extract of pneumococcus of Type I removes the protective substances from a Type I immune serum only. 4. In a polyvalent serum of Type I and Type II, the protective substances of each type may be removed independently of each other by the successive addition of the homologous antigens. 5. Extracts of specific serum precipitates contain only one-fiftieth to one-sixtieth of the protein in the original serum, and about one-half the protein of the whole precipitate. 6. Extracts contain not only protective substances but agglutinins and precipitins. 7. Extracts and whole precipitates not only confer passive immunity but stimulate the production of active immunity to pneumococcus infection in rabbits and mice.

scholarly journals FURTHER EXPERIMENTS WITH THE INTRADERMAL PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTION IN RABBITS

1928 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Goodner
Keyword(s):  
Horse Serum ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Type I ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Therapeutic Value

1. The continuation of our experiments with intradermal Type I pneumococcus infection in rabbits has furnished further evidence of the marked analogies between this condition and that of human lobar pneumonia. 2. It has been found that the amount of antiserum necessary for successful therapy increases as the disease progresses, and that this progression has a definite mathematical character. Such a condition, it seems, can only be caused by a progressive accumulation of some toxic or antagonistic substance, the exact nature of which is not known. 3. Various lots of antipneumococcus sera have been tested for their therapeutic properties. The results from seven such sera show that this therapeutic value does not parallel the mouse-protective value. It is suggested that the rabbit technic may prove useful for the routine comparison and standardization of antipneumococcus sera since it represents a simple method for determining that property for which the serum is to be utilized. 4. The effect of non-specific therapy in this condition has been determined to be a transient disappearance from the blood stream of circulating organisms. This result was obtained with such heterologous materials as normal horse serum and typhoid vaccine but not with the homologous normal rabbit serum. 5. Rabbits recovering from the intradermal disease without treatment or with such inadequate treatment that the disease runs its normal course, were shown to have a definite though not permanent immunity. Cases in which the disease had been arrested at 24 hours by effective therapy with heterologous immune serum showed no immunity after the early disappearance of the passively administered elements. Cases which were brought to early recovery with immune homologous serum did show a definite immunity comparable to that which was developed in other animals as the result of an untreated course of the disease. 6. The immunity conferred by single and multiple vaccination is reported. The possibility of the application of such methods in the pneumonias of man is discussed and a method for such an application is suggested.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evidence on Augmented Antiallodynia Following Systemic Co-Treatment with GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 Inhibitors in Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Amir Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Péter P. Lakatos ◽  
Mihály Balogh ◽  
Ferenc Zádor ◽  
Dávid Árpád Karádi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
Glycine Content

The limited effect of current medications on neuropathic pain (NP) has initiated large efforts to develop effective treatments. Animal studies showed that glycine transporter (GlyT) inhibitors are promising analgesics in NP, though concerns regarding adverse effects were raised. We aimed to study NFPS and Org-25543, GlyT-1 and GlyT-2 inhibitors, respectively and their combination in rat mononeuropathic pain evoked by partial sciatic nerve ligation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) glycine content was also determined by capillary electrophoresis. Subcutaneous (s.c.) 4 mg/kg NFPS or Org-25543 showed analgesia following acute administration (30–60 min). Small doses of each compound failed to produce antiallodynia up to 180 min after the acute administration. However, NFPS (1 mg/kg) produced antiallodynia after four days of treatment. Co-treatment with subanalgesic doses of NFPS (1 mg/kg) and Org-25543 (2 mg/kg) produced analgesia at 60 min and thereafter meanwhile increased significantly the CSF glycine content. This combination alleviated NP without affecting motor function. Test compounds failed to activate G-proteins in spinal cord. To the best of our knowledge for the first time we demonstrated augmented analgesia by combining GlyT-1 and 2 inhibitors. Increased CSF glycine content supports involvement of glycinergic system. Combining selective GlyT inhibitors or developing non-selective GlyT inhibitors might have therapeutic value in NP.

scholarly journals Low-calorie marmalades

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Pavlovic ◽  
Aleksandra Tepic ◽  
Biserka Vujicic
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Locust Bean Gum ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Locust Bean ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

The number of people suffering from insulin-dependent (Diabetes Melitus type I) and insulin-independent (Diabetes Melitus type II) is huge, and the number of potential diseased is in permanent rise. For that reason products with reduced amount of sugar have become very popular. Factory "Srbijanka" Valjevo manufactures reduced?sugar marmalades from apricot peach, strawberry, apple and orange. Low?metoxyl pectins and high-grade locust bean gum were used as gelation agents. Sensory evaluation and energy value of these marmalades were determined and all samples were highly graded. All marmalades belonged to the group of low-calorie (dietetic) products.

KS02.4.A Olaparib in Recurrent IDH-mutant High-Grade Glioma (OLAGLI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii4-ii4
Author(s):  
F Ducray ◽  
M Sanson ◽  
O Chinot ◽  
M Fontanilles ◽  
R Rivoirard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Parp Inhibition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Rano Criteria ◽  
Anaplastic Gliomas ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract BACKGROUND There is a need to develop new treatments in IDH-mutant high-grade gliomas recurring after radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Based on preclinical studies showing that IDH-mutant tumors could be vulnerable to PARP inhibition we launched a phase II study to test the efficacy of olaparib (Lynparza) monotherapy in this population. METHODS Adults with recurrent high-grade IDH-mutant gliomas after radiotherapy and at least one line of alkylating chemotherapy (PCV or TMZ), KPS > 60, normal organ function were enrolled. The primary endpoint was 6 months PFS according to RANO criteria. Patients were treated with olaparib 300 mg twice daily. We used a single-stage Fleming design with p0 = 30%, p1 = 50%, a type I unilateral error rate of 5% and a power of 80%. RESULTS 35 patients with recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas (IDH1R132H-mutant n = 32, other IDH mutation n = 3, 1p/19 codeleted n = 16, 1p/19q non-codeleted n = 14) were enrolled (malignantly transformed low-grade gliomas n = 21, anaplastic gliomas n = 8, glioblastomas n = 6). Median time since diagnosis was 7.4 years (1–22 years), median time since radiotherapy was 2.8 years (0.6–18 years), median number of previous chemotherapy lines was 2 (1–5). With a median follow-up of 11 months, 30 patients had stopped treatment due to tumor progression and 2 patients were still on treatment 16 to 18 months after treatment start. At 6 months, 11/35 patients were progression-free (31 %). According to RANO criteria, based on local investigator analysis, 2 patients (5%) had a partial response and 14 patients a stable disease (37%) with a median duration of response of 9 months (4–18+). Median PFS and OS were 2.3 and 15.9 months and were similar in 1p/19q codeleted and non-codeleted patients. A grade 3 olaparib-related adverse event was observed in 5 patients (14%, lymphopenia n = 3, fatigue n = 2, diarrhea n = 1) and a grade 2 in 15 patients (43%), most frequently consisting in fatigue (23%), gastrointestinal disorders (20%) and lymphopenia (20%). No patient definitively stopped olaparib due to side effects. CONCLUSIONS In this heavily pre-treated population of recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas, olaparib monotherapy was well tolerated and resulted in some activity supporting its evaluation in association with alkylating chemotherapy in recurrent IDH-mutant gliomas in future studies.

Should All Cases of High-Grade Serous Ovarian, Tubal, and Primary Peritoneal Carcinomas Be Reclassified as Tubo-Ovarian Serous Carcinoma?

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Louise Moss ◽  
Tim Evans ◽  
Philippa Pearmain ◽  
Sarah Askew ◽  
Kavita Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Ovarian Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Significant Difference

IntroductionThe dualistic theory of ovarian carcinogenesis proposes that epithelial “ovarian” cancer is not one entity with several histological subtypes but a collection of different diseases arising from cells of different origin, some of which may not originate in the ovarian surface epithelium.MethodsAll cases referred to the Pan-Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre with an ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer between April 2006 and April 2012 were identified from the West Midlands Cancer Registry. Tumors were classified into type I (low-grade endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous, and low-grade serous) and type II (high-grade serous, high-grade endometrioid, carcinosarcoma, and undifferentiated) cancers.ResultsOvarian (83.5%), tubal (4.3%), or primary peritoneal carcinoma (12.2%) were diagnosed in a total of 583 woman. The ovarian tumors were type I in 134 cases (27.5%), type II in 325 cases (66.7%), and contained elements of both type I and type II tumors in 28 cases (5.7%). Most tubal and primary peritoneal cases, however, were type II tumors: 24 (96.0%) and 64 (90.1%), respectively. Only 16 (5.8%) of the ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas were stage I at diagnosis, whereas 240 (86.6%) were stage III+. Overall survival varied between the subtypes when matched for stage. Stage III low-grade serous and high-grade serous carcinomas had a significantly better survival compared to clear cell and mucinous cases,P= 0.0134. There was no significant difference in overall survival between the high-grade serous ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal carcinomas when matched for stage (stage III,P= 0.3758; stage IV,P= 0.4820).ConclusionsType II tumors are more common than type I and account for most tubal and peritoneal cancers. High-grade serous carcinomas, whether classified as ovarian/tubal/peritoneal, seem to behave as one disease entity with no significant difference in survival outcomes, therefore supporting the proposition of a separate classification of “tubo-ovarian serous carcinoma”.

Abstract B05: Induction of DNA damage in high-grade serous carcinoma induces type I interferon signaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle E. Bolland ◽  
Yuning Hao ◽  
Yee Sun Tan ◽  
Jake Reske ◽  
Lijun Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Type I Interferon ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Interferon Signaling

scholarly journals Uterine Carcinomas in Tetrabromobisphenol A–exposed Wistar Han Rats Harbor IncreasedTp53Mutations and Mimic High-grade Type I Endometrial Carcinomas in Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice B. Harvey ◽  
Tanasa S. Osborne ◽  
Hue-Hua L. Hong ◽  
Sachin Bhusari ◽  
Tai-Vu Ton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetrabromobisphenol A ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas

Central stimulatory effect of leptin on T3production is mediated by brown adipose tissue type II deiodinase

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. E980-E987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Cettour-Rose ◽  
Albert G. Burger ◽  
Christoph A. Meier ◽  
Theo J. Visser ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Food Consumed

To assess whether intracerebroventricular leptin administration affects monodeiodinase type II (D2) activity in the tissues where it is expressed [cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, pituitary, and brown adipose tissue (BAT)], hepatic monodeiodinase type I (D1) activity was inhibited with propylthiouracil (PTU), and small doses of thyroxine (T4; 0.6 nmol · 100 g body wt−1 · day−1) were supplemented to compensate for the PTU-induced hypothyroidism. Two groups of rats were infused with leptin for 6 days, one of them being additionally treated with reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), an inhibitor of D2. Control rats were infused with vehicle and pair-fed the amount of food consumed by leptin-infused animals. Central leptin administration produced marked increases in D2 mRNA expression and activity in BAT, changes that were likely responsible for increased plasma T3 and decreased plasma T4 levels. Indeed, plasma T3 and T4 concentrations were unaltered by central leptin administration in the presence of rT3. The additional observation of a leptin-induced increased mRNA expression of BAT uncoupling protein-1 suggested that the effect on BAT D2 may be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system.

Effect of durotomy on functional outcome of dogs with type I thoracolumbar disc extrusion and absent deep pain perception

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Dewey ◽  
P. B. Ringwood ◽  
R. W. Pettigrew ◽  
M. Kent ◽  
S. C. Budsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Operative Recovery ◽  
Disc Extrusion

SummarySpinal cord durotomy is performed as a diagnostic aid in determining spinal cord structural integrity, and this may be useful as an indicator of prognosis in cases with loss of deep pain perception (DPP). It has been suggested that a durotomy may relieve intramedullary compression but there is some debate about the therapeutic value. The purpose of this study was to compare ambulatory outcome of dogs that had loss of DPP treated with hemilaminectomy with durotomy versus hemilaminectomy without durotomy. Medical records of 81 dogs diagnosed with type I thoracolumbar IVD were reviewed. Dogs were included in the study if DPP was absent upon initial neurological examination and surgical decompression via hemilaminectomy was performed. Of the 81 cases, 48 were included in this study. The number of dogs that recovered ambulatory function were compared between durotomy and nondurotomy groups with a chi-squared test (p<0.05). No differences were found. The findings of this study suggest that durotomy is useful as a diagnostic modality and that performing a durotomy does not significantly affect post-operative recovery of voluntary motor function.

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