scholarly journals THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HUMAN POLIOMYELITIS

1941 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert B. Sabin ◽  
Robert Ward
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Olfactory Pathway ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
Primary Localization

1. Studies on a large number of tissues obtained from fatal cases of human poliomyelitis have revealed that the virus is distributed predominantly in two systems: (a) certain regions of the nervous system, and (b) the alimentary tract. 2. Poliomyelitis virus was demonstrated in the walls of the pharynx, ileum, and only once in those of the descending colon, while the contents of the descending colon regularly contained the virus. 3. The presence of virus in the walls of the alimentary tract appears to be the result neither of generalized dissemination of the virus nor of secondary centrifugal spread, but rather that of primary localization or portal of entry. 4. In the absence of evidence of any demonstrable centrifugal spread to peripheral collections of nerve cells (e.g., in the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, suprarenals, salivary glands), the presence of virus in the abdominal sympathetic plexus of one case may be indicative of at least one pathway of centripetal virus progression. 5. The absence of demonstrable virus in the nasal mucosa, olfactory bulbs, and anterior perforated substance suggests that neither the upper respiratory tract nor the olfactory pathway were affected in the cases of human poliomyelitis studied in the present investigation.

scholarly journals THE NATURAL HISTORY OF EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS INFECTION

1942 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert B. Sabin ◽  
Robert Ward
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Portal Of Entry

1. Eight rhesus monkeys with experimental poliomyelitis following intrasciatic inoculation of "M.V." virus were used to study the extent of virus spread in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the question of its elimination in the nasal secretions. 2. Tests on nasal secretions collected on absorbent cotton plugs daily and continuously from the moment of inoculation to the end of the disease failed to reveal virus. 3. No virus was found in the olfactory bulbs, nasal mucosa, tonsils and adjacent pharyngeal tissue, salivary glands, adrenals, superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, abdominal celiac ganglia, and small intestine. 4. Elimination of virus by the nasal route was not one of the consequences of poliomyelitis infection resulting from invasion of the "M.V." virus by way of a peripheral nerve in rhesus monkeys. 5. No indiscriminate widespread dissemination of virus occurred in the central nervous system of the intraneurally inoculated rhesus monkeys nor did the virus spread outward sufficiently to involve the collateral sympathetic ganglia or the collections of nerve cells in various peripheral tissues. Under certain circumstances, therefore, the presence of virus in these ganglia and tissues may be used as an index to the portal of entry of the virus.

scholarly journals Outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) in a Finnish garrison - a serological survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Aho ◽  
O Lyytikaïnen ◽  
J E Nyholm ◽  
T Kuitunen ◽  
E Rönkkö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Major Part ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

In September 2009, an outbreak of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) took place in a Finnish garrison. In November 2009, we performed a serological survey among 984 recruits undergoing their military service at the garrison and related the results to self-reported upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) with or without fever. Of 346 volunteers who donated a blood sample, 169 (49%) had pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus-specific antibodies. Of those, 84 (50%) reported no recent history of URTI, suggesting that a major part of those infected with pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus may be asymptomatic.

An unusual case of dysphagia

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-155
Author(s):  
Adam Williamson ◽  
◽  
Christopher Kelly ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unusual Case ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Medical Unit ◽  
Solid Foods ◽  
Acute Medical Unit ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Ventriculo Peritoneal Shunt

A 51-year-old lady, with a background of an arachnoid cyst and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in situ, presented to the Acute Medical Unit with a 2-day history of neck pain. She awoke from sleep with the pain and it persisted since. She had not been involved in any trauma, had no previous history of neck or back pain and her pain was not controlled with simple analgesia. She also complained of new odynophagia and high dysphagia, particularly to solid foods. There was no history of upper respiratory tract infection.

scholarly journals The snoring 2-year-old boy: a case of primary nasopharyngeal Burkitt’s lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e233536
Author(s):  
Gerd Xuereb ◽  
Justine Borg ◽  
Kurt Apap ◽  
Charles Borg
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Burkitt’S Lymphoma ◽  
Burkitt's Lymphoma ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lymph Node Enlargement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Nose And Throat

Sporadic Burkitt’s lymphoma affecting the nasopharyngeal region is an extremely rare disease, especially in infants. We describe the case of a 2-year-old boy who presented to the ear, nose and throat department with a history of snoring, blood-stained rhinorrhoea and symptoms consistent with upper respiratory tract infections. Physical examination revealed massive cervical lymphadenopathy. MRI of the head and neck showed a mass lesion in the nasopharynx with bilateral lymph node enlargement. Debulking of the mass was performed and biopsies were sent for histology, which confirmed Burkitt’s lymphoma. The patient was treated with complex chemotherapy and had a good clinical response. The patient remains in remission after 6 years.

Breath Alcohol Analysis and the Blood: Breath Ratio

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Wright ◽  
T. P. Jones ◽  
A. W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Breath Sampling ◽  
Breath Alcohol ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Sampling Procedures

The history of breath alcohol analysis and of the concept of a blood: breath ratio is briefly reviewed and it is suggested that the ratio is always lower and more variable than predicted by accepted theory. Using gas liquid chromatography for both breath and blood it has been shown that the blood: breath ratio falls during expiration and only reaches its presently accepted value of 2100: 1, predicted from in vitro studies, after prolonged rebreathing. It is suggested that this is due to alcohol being absorbed from the breath during expiration by the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, to replace that lost during inspiration. Proposals are made for further studies and for modifications in present breath sampling procedures which could make breath analysis an acceptable substitute for blood analysis in all except marginal cases.

Sinus Barotrauma in Divers

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fagan ◽  
Bart McKenzie ◽  
Carl Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sinus Barotrauma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Mucosal Thickening ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Sinus barotrauma is a common occupational disease of divers, with the incidence of descent barotrauma approximately double that of ascent. Pain chronologically associated with the change of pressure is the most dominant symptom and is seen in 92% of the cases presented for treatment. The majority complain of a frontal distribution of pain, with ethmoidal and maxillary being much less significant. Epistaxis is the second commonest symptom, and may be the sole symptom in some ascent cases. A history of recent or past sinus barotrauma or upper respiratory tract pathology is very common. Clinical examination supports the evidence of upper respiratory tract pathology in many cases. The radiological signs of abnormality were present in over three quarters of the cases examined. Of these the maxillary sinus was affected in most cases, the frontal in approximately one quarter and the ethmoidal in less than a fifth. The pathology was more commonly that of mucosal thickening, but in 12% of cases there was a fluid level. It is noted that although symptoms were predominantly frontal, x-ray changes were most often present in the maxillary sinuses.

scholarly journals Novel BTK mutation in X-linked agammaglobulinemia: Report of a 17-year-old male

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Zoha Shaka ◽  
Helia Mojtabavi ◽  
Elham Rayzan ◽  
Samaneh Zoghi ◽  
Sepideh Shahkarami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rare Mutations ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Introduction and objectives: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), the first known primary immunodeficiency, is caused by rare mutations in Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene. Mutations in the BTK gene lead to a failure in the development and maturation of B-cell linage. A decreased number of B-cells results in agammaglobulinemia and increased susceptibility to a variety of infections. Therefore, patients with XLA usually manifest with repetitive bacterial infections, such as upper respiratory tract infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and urinary tract infections, since their infancy. Patients: We report a 17-year-old Iranian boy with XLA, referred to us with a history of severe and recurrent episodes of bacterial infections for a period of six years. Results: Genetic analysis using the whole Exome sequencing revealed a hemizygous missense mutation in the BTK gene (c.428 A > T, p.His143Leu). Conclusion: To our knowledge, c.428 A > T has not been reported in the BTK gene.

scholarly journals Guillian Barre syndrome epidemiology presentation and outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Dr.Raed jabbar Hussain ◽  
◽  
Dr. Rahan Assim Mohammed Al-Qazzaz ◽  
Kahtan Adnan Abdullah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) is most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis, affect peripheral nerves with distinctive features clinical, pathological and prognosis. Patient and methods this study is prospective of 60 patients admitted at al-kadymia teaching hospital from first January 2004 to end April 2009. Age includes 1 to ≤11 years. Diagnosis was by clinical examination and confirmed by CSF tests and nerve conduction velocity study. Results It was found that 32 patients were male and 28 were female. Cranial nerves involved in 30% of patients. Sensory symptoms found in 16%. CSF changes was seen in 85.5% patients. Antecedent events were found in 27 patients out of 60, 14 had history of upper respiratory tract infection 45%, 7 had gastroenteritis 11%, 6 patients had history of fever 3 weeks earlier 10% and 15 patients had complicated by respiratory failure managed by mechanical ventilators, During this study 4 patients had been died. Conclusions: Current study conclude about 45% of patients had history antecedent events in as upper respiratory tract infection , gastroenteritis and fever, so cerebrospinal fluid CSF cell in the majority of cases within normal range and mostly lymphocytes, Cranial nerves were affected in most patients without serious sequels so Steroid was not given to most of patients in our study without any significant effect on the course of disease , Hospitalization was range from 2 week to 4 week, Recovery was range from 4 to 12 week and Death rate was 6% .

scholarly journals Salmonella thyroid abscess in a pre-existing multinodular goitre: rare clinical entity with review of literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. Murali ◽  
Shubhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Thyroid Abscess ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Resistance To Infection

With its inherent resistance to infection, abscess of the thyroid has been rarely encountered clinically. The disease is usually preceded by an attack of upper respiratory tract infection. The availability of potent broad spectrum antibiotics is one important factor due to which currently thyroid abscess has become a rare clinical entity. But we report a case of thyroid abscess in an otherwise 26 yr old healthy young female with a long standing goitre. She gave no history of preceding URTI. The causative organism was identified as Salmonella typhi.

Upper Respiratory Infection

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Wayman ◽  
Nancy B. Samol ◽  
Eric Wittkugel
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Infection ◽  
Reactive Airway Disease ◽  
Respiratory Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Adverse Respiratory Events

The child with an upper respiratory tract infection presenting for surgery is probably the most common dilemma that faces the pediatric anesthesiologist. While cancellation of such a child’s operation had been a common practice in the past, nowadays, an anesthesiologist will more than likely proceed with the anesthetic management of a child with a mild common cold. Research has shown that while perioperative respiratory adverse events are likely to occur in a child with a mild cold, these events are very easily managed. In addition, the use of a laryngeal mask airway which prevents instrumentation of a child’s airway drastically decreases the incidence of perioperative adverse events in this patient population. Planned airway surgery, history of prematurity, reactive airway disease, and passive smoking in the home are factors that increase the incidence of perioperative adverse respiratory events in a child with an active cold.

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