Correlation Between Respiratory Colonization With Gram-Negative Bacteria and Development of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection After Cardiac Surgery

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 546-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranavi V. Sreeramoju ◽  
Sylvia Garcia-Houchins ◽  
Judith Bova ◽  
Cynthia C. Kelly ◽  
Jan E. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Gram Negative

This pilot, observational study involving 286 patients who underwent cardiac surgery found that patients who had endotracheal colonization with gram-negative bacteria at 1 week after surgery were more likely to develop subsequent infection compared to those without colonization (8 of 23 vs. 4 of 40; relative risk 2.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.3–4.1;Pvalue < .05]).

Gram-negative bacteria as a cause of mediastinitis after cardiac surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Peghin ◽  
Esmeralda Pompei ◽  
Igor Vendramin ◽  
Carlo Tascini
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals The role of type 1 interferons in Gram-negative bacteria-induced coagulation

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Yang ◽  
Xiaoye Cheng ◽  
Yiting Tang ◽  
Xianhui Qiu ◽  
Zhongtai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Type 1 Interferons

Bacterial infection not only stimulates innate immune responses but also activates the coagulation cascades. Over-activation of the coagulation system in bacterial sepsis leads to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a life-threatening condition. However, the mechanisms by which bacterial infection activates the coagulation cascade are not fully understood. Here we show that type 1 interferons (IFNs), widely expressed family of cytokines that orchestrate innate antiviral and antibacterial immunity, mediate bacterial infection-induced DIC through amplifying the release of high mobility box group box 1 (HMGB1) into the blood stream. Inhibition of the expression of type 1 IFNs, disruption of their receptor IFN-α/βR or downstream effector (e.g., HMGB1) uniformly decreased Gram-negative bacteria-induced DIC. Mechanistically, extracellular HMGB1 markedly increased the pro-coagulant activity of tissue factor (TF) by promoting the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the outer cell surface, where PS assembles a complex of cofactor-proteases of the coagulation cascades. These findings not only provide novel insights into the link between innate immune responses and coagulation, but also open a new avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies to prevent DIC in sepsis.

Epidemiology of Sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain), 1995–2004

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 630-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Andreu Ballester ◽  
Ferran Ballester ◽  
Antonio González Sánchez ◽  
Amadeo Almela Quilis ◽  
Enrique Colomer Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Sepsis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Polymicrobial Sepsis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Objective.To study the incidence of sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain) during a period of 10 years (1995–2004).Methods.We downloaded data on discharge diagnoses of septicemia in all 26 public hospitals in the Valencian Community during the 10-year study period, as well as the additional discharge diagnoses of each patient.Results.We identified 33,767 cases of sepsis during the study period. The age-standardized incidence rates among men increased from 64.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 60.37–67.85) cases per 100,000 population in 1995 to 114.02 (95% CI, 109.02–118.50) cases per 100,000 population in 2004 (P < .001), and those among women increased from 45.08 (95% CI, 42.01–48.15) cases per 100,000 population in 1995 to 83.62 (95% CI, 79.85–87.39) cases per 100,000 population in 2004 (P < .001). Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequently involved microorganisms (in 21.4% of cases), and there was a significant increase in the number of sepsis cases caused by these organisms from 1999 onward. The mortality rate was approximately 42.5% among patients hospitalized for sepsis, and mortality was associated with organ failure. In addition, mortality was associated with the microorganism responsible not being known, with infection due to fungi, and with polymicrobial sepsis.Conclusions.The rates of hospitalization both for sepsis overall and for severe sepsis in the Valencian Community (Spain) are lower than those in other countries but are increasing, by 5% each year. The increase in the number of cases in which gram-negative bacteria are the cause of sepsis is notable.

scholarly journals The Drosophila Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein DIAP2 Functions in Innate Immunity and Is Essential To Resist Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 7821-7831 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Leulier ◽  
Nouara Lhocine ◽  
Bruno Lemaitre ◽  
Pascal Meier
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
Inhibitor Of Apoptosis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Inhibitor Of Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Apoptosis Protein

ABSTRACT The founding member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family was originally identified as a cell death inhibitor. However, recent evidence suggests that IAPs are multifunctional signaling devices that influence diverse biological processes. To investigate the in vivo function of Drosophila melanogaster IAP2, we have generated diap2 null alleles. diap2 mutant animals develop normally and are fully viable, suggesting that diap2 is dispensable for proper development. However, these animals were acutely sensitive to infection by gram-negative bacteria. In Drosophila, infection by gram-negative bacteria triggers the innate immune response by activating the immune deficiency (imd) signaling cascade, a NF-κB-dependent pathway that shares striking similarities with the pathway of mammalian tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1). diap2 mutant flies failed to activate NF-κB-mediated expression of antibacterial peptide genes and, consequently, rapidly succumbed to bacterial infection. Our genetic epistasis analysis places diap2 downstream of or in parallel to imd, Dredd, Tak1, and Relish. Therefore, DIAP2 functions in the host immune response to gram-negative bacteria. In contrast, we find that the Drosophila TNFR-associated factor (Traf) family member Traf2 is dispensable in resistance to gram-negative bacterial infection. Taken together, our genetic data identify DIAP2 as an essential component of the Imd signaling cascade, protecting the organism from infiltrating microbes.

scholarly journals Relationship between Triclosan and Susceptibilities of Bacteria Isolated from Hands in the Community

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2973-2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. Aiello ◽  
Bonnie Marshall ◽  
Stuart B. Levy ◽  
Phyllis Della-Latta ◽  
Elaine Larson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Increasing Trend

ABSTRACT The possible association between triclosan and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic was examined among staphylococci and several species of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from the hands of individuals in a community setting. Hand cultures from individuals randomized to using either antibacterial cleaning and hygiene products (including a hand soap containing 0.2% triclosan) or nonantibacterial cleaning and hygiene products for a 1-year period were taken at baseline and at the end of the year. Although there was no statistically significant association between triclosan MICs and susceptibility to antibiotic, there was an increasing trend in the association the odds ratios (ORs) for all species were compared at baseline (OR = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 0.33 to 1.27) versus at the end of the year (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.62 to 1.97) and for GNB alone at baseline(OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.29 to 1.51) versus the end of year (OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 0.78 to 9.23) regardless of the hand-washing product used. Moreover, triclosan MICs were higher in some of the species compared to earlier reports on household, clinical, and industrial isolates, and some of these isolates had triclosan MICs in the range of concentrations used in consumer products. The absence of a statistically significant association between elevated triclosan MICs and reduced antibiotic susceptibility may indicate that such a correlation does not exist or that it is relatively small among the isolates that were studied. Still, a relationship may emerge after longer-term or higher-dose exposure of bacteria to triclosan in the community setting.

A Novel Risk Predictive Scoring Model For Predicting Subsequent Infection After Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Colonization In Hematological Malignancies Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuling Wu ◽  
Chenjing Qian ◽  
Hua Ying ◽  
Fang Liu ◽  
Yaohui Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
Subsequent Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Scoring Model ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Abstract PurposeTo investigate the high-risk factors associated with the increased vulnerability for subsequent clinical infection in Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) colonized hematological malignancies (HMs) patients, and build a statistical model to predict subsequent infection.MethodAll adult HMs patients with positive anal swab culture for CR-GNB between January 2018 and June 2020 were prospectively followed to assess for any subsequent CR-GNB infections and to investigate the risk factors and clinical features of subsequent infection.ResultsA total of 392 HMs patients were enrolled. Of them, 46.7% developed a subsequent clinical infection, and 42 (10.7%) were confirmed infection and 141 (36%) were clinically diagnosed infection. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the dominant species. The overall mortality rate of patients colonized and infected with CR-GNB was 8.6% and 43.7%. A multivariate analysis showed that remission induction chemotherapy, the duration of agranulocytosis, mucositis, and hypoalbuminemia were significant predictors of subsequent infection after CR-GNB colonization. According to our novel risk predictive scoring model, the high-risk group were > 3 times more likely to develop a subsequent infection in comparison with the low-risk group.ConclusionOur risk predictive scoring model can early and accurately predict subsequent infection in HMs patients with CR-GNB colonization. Early administration of CR-GNB-targeted empirical therapy in the high-risk group is strongly recommended to decrease their mortality.

Predictors of Hand Hygiene in the Emergency Department

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1120-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun K. Venkatesh ◽  
Daniel J. Pallin ◽  
Stephanie Kayden ◽  
Jeremiah D. Schuur
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Observation Unit

We conducted an observational study to identify predictors of hand hygiene (HH) in the emergency department. Compliance with HH was 89.7% over 5,865 opportunities. Observation unit, hallway or high-visibility location, glove use, and worker type predicted worse HH. Hallway location was the strongest predictor (relative risk, 88.9% [95% confidence interval, 85.9%–92.1%]).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document