Wave exposure and current regulate biomass accumulation of the benthic cyanobacteriumLyngbya wolleiin a large fluvial lake

The effects of single-season tropospheric ozone (O3) exposures on growth, leaf abscission, and biomass of trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) rooted cuttings and seedlings were studied. Plants were grown in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan in open-top chambers with O3 exposures that ranged from 7 to 92 ppm-h. Depending on the genotype, total seasonal O3 exposure in the range of 50–92 ppm-h had negative impacts on stem, retained leaf, and root biomass accumulation and on diameter growth. Leaf abscission generally increased with increasing O3 exposure and was the principal cause of the decrease in leaf biomass of the O3-treated plants. Considerable genetic variation in O3 responses occurred, as shown by differences in sensitivities among clones and among seedlings. However, the responses to O3 of rooted cuttings and seedlings were similar when seedling means were compared with clonal means for leaf abscission, diameter growth, retained leaf biomass, and root biomass. Comparison of a single square-wave treatment (52 ppm-h) with 70 and 92 ppm-h episodic exposures suggested that the plant response to the square-wave exposure was similar to the response to the highest episodic exposure even though the 92 ppm-h episodic exposure was almost twice the square-wave exposure. Our results are consistent with previous studies that show that P. tremuloides is highly responsive to O3 exposure and this response has a strong genetic component.

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Seaweed traits linked to wave exposure determine predator avoidance

Marine Ecology Progress Series ◽

10.3354/meps10294 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 483 ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

JD Long ◽

L Porturas ◽

E Jones ◽

C Kwan ◽

GC Trussell

Keyword(s):

Predator Avoidance ◽

Wave Exposure

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FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ANCIENT AND MODERN VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/6/15-19 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

A. A. Torop ◽

V. V. Chaykin ◽

E. A. Torop ◽

I. S. Brailova ◽

S. A. Kuzmenko

Keyword(s):

Production Process ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Unit Area ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

Productivity Potential

We compared peculiarities of the production process of the older and modern(created 80 years after) sorts of winter rye. It is determined that the specific coenotic productivity of a modern sort is 60.6% higher.This increase is due to higher number of productive sprouts per unit area and higher sprout weight. The coenosis of modern sorts is highly resistant to lodging. The modern sort has a 33.5% higher leaf surface index and a 17.7% higher share of the leaves in the upper tier, differing in their erectile orientation in space. As for the content of total chlorophyll in the dry matter of leaves and vagina, the modern sort is inferior to the older by 30.2%during theearing period, and by 17.5%during the milky-wax ripeness period.As for the content of total chlorophyll in the sowing area, the compared sorts were practically the same, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and c was noticeably different. As for the chlorophyll content in stems, in dry matter and in the area of sowing, the modern sort is inferior by1.5 times and more to the older in both observation terms. The sorts differed in the biomass accumulation and its distribution between the parts during the vegetation period. To establish the ear productivity, the older sort used only the current photosynthesis products.In conditions of an unfavorable growth year, the modern sort used previously accumulated by leaves and re-utilized assimilates. The actual and potential productivity of an ear in a modern sort is higher by 77.4 and 68.0%, respectively, but the degree of its vegetative mass supply is lower by 48.6%.Only due to the higher, by 77.4%, utilization of the mass of the sprout, the modern sort binds a greater number of grains in the ear with a higherseparate mass.Since the sharp increase in the ear productivity potential was not accompanied by the same growth of the sprout vegetative mass, the modern sort, in unfavorable conditions for growth, has tensions in the relation system between the sprout vegetative mass and pouring grain. This may be the reason of the unstable achievedyield level.

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Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Paparan Gelombang Ultrasonik dalam Mengurangi Jumlah Bakteri coliform pada Sampel Air Sungai Kahayan

Risalah Fisika ◽

10.35895/rf.v4i1.168 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 9-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neny Kurniawati, Kerelius, Sunariyati ◽

Luqman Hakim, Dyah Ayu Pramoda Wardani, Widya Krestina ◽

Dwi Tyas Setiawan, Ferry Purwanto, Diah K. Fatmala

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

River Water ◽

Ultrasonic Wave ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Water Samples ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Wave Exposure ◽

Test Results ◽

Time Data ◽

Grab Sampling

Abstrak – Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu paparan gelombang ultrasonik terhadap pengurangan jumlah koloni bakteri coliform pada sampel air sungai Kahayan. Pengambilan sampel air sungai dilakukan dengan teknik Grab Sampling menggunakan alat Kemmerer Sampler. Sampel air yang didapatkan diberikan paparan gelombang ultrasonik secara langsung, tanpa merubah kondisi lingkungan awal. Waktu paparan divariasikan pada 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam dengan frekuensi 40 kHz untuk memperoleh data waktu optimum. Uji coliform dilakukan dengan metode MPN, dengan tahapan uji pendugaan, uji penegasan, dan perhitungan koloni. Hasil uji MPN 24 jam setelah paparan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ultrasonik sebagai antibateri dapat optimum ketika diberikan paparan dengan waktu 3 jam, dengan efisiensi 96%. Kata kunci: antibakteri, coliform, ultrasonik, water treatment, sungai Kahayan Abstract – This study aims to examine the effect of ultrasonic wave exposure time on reducing the number of coliform bacterial colonies in the Kahayan river water samples. River water sampling is done using the Grab Sampling technique using the Kemmerer Sampler tool. The water samples obtained were given direct ultrasonic wave exposure, without changing the initial environmental conditions. The exposure time is varied in 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours with a frequency of 40 kHz to obtain optimum time data. Coliform test was carried out by the MPN method, with the stages of the estimation test, affirmation test, and colony calculation. The MPN test results 24 hours after exposure showed that the use of ultrasonic as an antibody can be optimum when given exposure with a time of 3 hours, with an efficiency of 96%.Keywords : antibakterial, coliform, ultrasonic, water treatment, Kahayan river

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Effect of pre-flowering light deficiency on biomass accumulation and physiological characteristics of rice

CHINESE JOURNAL OF ECO-AGRICULTURE ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1011.2011.00347 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dong YANG ◽

Liu-Sheng DUAN ◽

Hua-An XIE ◽

Zhao-Hu LI ◽

Ting-Xu HUANG

Keyword(s):

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Light Deficiency

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Glutamyl and Glutaminyl-tRNA Synthetases Are a Promising Target for the Design of Threonine-Producing Strain

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-6-39-50 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 39-50

Author(s):

T.V. Yuzbashev ◽

A.S. Fedorov ◽

F.V. Bondarenko ◽

A.S. Savchenko ◽

T.V. Vybornaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Trna Synthetase ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Original Strain ◽

Trna Synthetases ◽

Resource Center ◽

Promising Target ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Increase In Productivity ◽

Culture Growth

The present work describes an approach that improves the properties of the strain producing L-threonine via the reduction in the biomass accumulation during fermentation. Glutamyl- and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases were chosen as targets. Mutants carrying temperature-sensitive alleles were obtained. It was shown that the used system caused the suppression of the function of tRNA synthetases which led to a rapid arrest of the culture growth, and an increase in productivity and yield of the L-threonine synthesis. One of the temperature-sensitive strains was used to obtain under non-permissive conditions of mutants with the suppressed above phenotype. Some of these mutants accumulate less biomass and produce by 10-12% more threonine than the original strain. Escherichia coli, producing strain, threonine, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ts-mutation This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project code RFMEFI61017X0011), and it was carried out using the equipment of the National Bio-Resource Center All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms, NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIgenetika.

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The circulating floating bed reactor: effect of particle size distribution of the carrier on ammonia conversion

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0471 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (4-5) ◽

pp. 393-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J.M. Garrido-Fernandez ◽

R. Méndez ◽

J.M. Lema ◽

V. Lazarova

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Size Distribution ◽

G Protein ◽

Biomass Concentration ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Nitrification Rate ◽

Ammonia Conversion ◽

Biomass Activity

Three Circulating Floating Bed Reactors (CFBR) R1, R2 and R3 with 20% v/v of a plastic carrier with different size distribution were operated to study the effect of the particles size of the carrier on biomass accumulation and nitrification performance. Operating conditions were similar in the three systems: ammonia concentrations around 50 mg-N–NH4+/ L, ammonia loading rates up to 1.2 kg N–NH4+/m3·d and temperatures between 14 and 27°C. Accumulation of nitrite was observed until day 65th. This w as result both of the inhibition of nitrite oxidation by free ammonia until day 20th and the insignificant accumulation of a biomass with low nitrite oxidising capacity between days 20 and 65th. Ammonia conversion rate and removal efficiency were higher in the reactor with lower particle size, R3 (nitrification rate of 1.1 kg N–NH4+/m3·d and ammonia removal of 97% at 16°C), than in R2 or R1 (nitrification rate of 1.0 kg N–NH4+/m3·d and ammonia removal of 90% at 16°C). The better efficiency in R3 was obtained as a result of the higher specific surface of the biofilm developed. Biomass activity was similar in the three reactors (2.2 and 1.12 g N/g protein · d at 30 and 15°C, respectively). Both the biomass evolution with time and biomass retention in the systems was practically not influenced by the size of particle. Biomass concentration of 1.2 g protein/L was retained in the carrier and up to 20% of the newly produced biomass was retained in the CFBRs.

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Competitive attributes ofA. sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgareare conserved in no-till cropping systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500091384 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 712-719 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anne Légère ◽

Yuguang Bai

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

No Till ◽

Lower Test

The robustness of competitive attributes of cereals such as rapid and uniform seedling emergence, tillering, early biomass accumulation and canopy closure, and height advantage over weeds have not yet been tested under environmental conditions typical of no-till (NT) cropping systems. Our objective was to evaluate the effects or NT practices on growth and productivity ofAvena sativa, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted on a Kamouraska clay at La Pocatière, QC, in 1994, 1995, and 1996.Avena sativa, T. aestivum, andH. vulgarewere grown under tilled and NT practices. Cereal growth parameters were measured six (1994) or seven (1995) times between planting and the 11th week after planting but only once in 1996. Grain yields and yield components were determined at crop maturity.Avena sativaandH. vulgarepopulations were little affected by tillage, whereasT. aestivumpopulations were reduced by 16 to 20% in NT systems. Growth in height in NT systems was either similar or greater than in tilled systems in all three cereals. Cereal leaf area index (LAI) and biomass accumulation was also comparable between tillage systems, except forT. aestivumLAI in 1994, which was greater in tilled plots on two sampling dates. Response of annual dicots to tillage was inconsistent in all crops. Annual monocots dominated in some but not all NT systems. Perennial dicots dominated in NT systems, whereas perennial monocots were more abundant in tilled systems in all three cereals.Avena sativaandT. aestivumyields in NT plots were comparable or greater than in tilled plots, in spite of having either lower test weights (A. sativa) or lower 1,000-grain weights (T. aestivum). NTT. aestivumproductivity was maintained in spite of reduced plant establishment.Hordeum vulgareyields were also similar across tillage systems, except in 1995, when yields in tilled plots were greater than in NT plots. The height advantage observed for NTH. vulgaredid not result in improved yields. All three cereals, and particularlyA. sativa, appeared well suited to NT systems, despite the pressure provided by different weed groups, compared to tilled systems. However, results suggest that NT production of cereals could benefit from improved attention to perennial dicot control and crop seedling establishment, particularly forT. aestivum.

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Phytase-Producing Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1 Promotes Seed Germination and Growth in Corn (Zea mays L.)

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1647

Author(s):

Gui-E Li ◽

Wei-Liang Kong ◽

Xiao-Qin Wu ◽

Shi-Bo Ma

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Root Surface ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Maize Seedlings ◽

Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Rahnella Aquatilis ◽

Maize Seeds

Phytase plays an important role in crop seed germination and plant growth. In order to fully understand the plant growth-promoting mechanism by Rahnella aquatilis JZ-GX1，the effect of this strain on germination of maize seeds was determined in vitro, and the colonization of maize root by R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 was observed by scanning electron microscope. Different inoculum concentrations and Phytate-related soil properties were applied to investigate the effect of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 on the growth of maize seedlings. The results showed that R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 could effectively secrete indole acetic acid and had significantly promoted seed germination and root length of maize. A large number of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 cells colonized on the root surface, root hair and the root interior of maize. When the inoculation concentration was 107 cfu/mL and the insoluble organophosphorus compound phytate existed in the soil, the net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, phytase activity secreted by roots, total phosphorus concentration and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings were the highest. In contrast, no significant effect of inoculation was found when the total P content was low or when inorganic P was sufficient in the soil. R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 promotes the growth of maize directly by secreting IAA and indirectly by secreting phytase. This work provides beneficial information for the development and application of R. aquatilis JZ-GX1 as a microbial fertilizer in the future.

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Paclobutrazol Improves Sesame Yield by Increasing Dry Matter Accumulation and Reducing Seed Shattering Under Rainfed Conditions

International Journal of Plant Production ◽

10.1007/s42106-021-00132-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood ◽

Ghulam Qadir ◽

Obaid Afzal ◽

Atta Mohi Ud Din ◽

Muhammad Ali Raza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Seed Production ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Seed Shattering ◽

Rainfed Conditions ◽

Leaf Greenness

AbstractSeveral biotic and abiotic stresses significantly decrease the biomass accumulation and seed yield of sesame crops under rainfed areas. However, plant growth regulators (such as Paclobutrazol) can improve the total dry matter and seed production of the sesame crop. The effects of the paclobutrazol application on dry matter accumulation and seed yield had not been studied before in sesame under rainfed conditions. Therefore, a two-year field study during 2018 and 2019 was conducted with key objectives to assess the impacts of paclobutrazol on leaf greenness, leaf area, total dry matter production and partitioning, seed shattering, and seed yield of sesame. Two sesame cultivars (TS-5 and TS-3) were treated with four paclobutrazol concentrations (P0 = Control, P1 = 100 mg L−1, P2 = 200 mg L−1, P3 = 300 mg L−1). The experiment was executed in RCBD-factorial design with three replications. Compared with P0, treatment P3 improved the leaf greenness of sesame by 17%, 38%, and 60% at 45, 85, and 125 days after sowing, respectively. However, P3 treatment decreased the leaf area of sesame by 14% and 20% at 45 and 85 days after sowing than P0, respectively. Compared with P0, treatment P3 increased the leaf area by 46% at 125 days after sowing. On average, treatment P3 also improved the total biomass production by 21% and partitioning in roots, stems, leaves, capsules, and seeds by 23%, 19%, 23%, 22%, and 40%, respectively, in the whole growing seasons as compared to P0. Moreover, under P3 treatment, sesame attained the highest seed yield and lowest seed shattering by 27% and 30%, respectively, compared to P0. This study indicated that by applying the paclobutrazol concentration at the rate of 300 mg L−1 in sesame, the leaf greenness, leaf areas, biomass accumulation, partitioning, seed yield, and shatter resistance could be improved. Thus, the optimum paclobutrazol level could enhance the dry matter accumulation and seed production capacity of sesame by decreasing shattering losses under rainfed conditions.

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