scholarly journals Using Machine Learning to estimate the technical potential of shallow ground-source heat pumps with thermal interference

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
Alina Walch ◽  
Roberto Castello ◽  
Nahid Mohajeri ◽  
Agust Gudmundsson ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Full Dataset ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Technical Potential

Abstract The increasing use of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) for heating and cooling of buildings raises questions regarding the technical potential of GSHPs and their impact on the temperature in the shallow subsurface. In this paper, we develop a method using Machine Learning to estimate the technical potential of shallow GSHPs, which enables such an estimation for Switzerland with limited data and computational resources. A training dataset is constructed based on meteorological and geological data across Switzerland. We analyse correlations and the importance of each of the input data for estimating the GSHP potential and compare different input feature sets and Machine Learning models. The Random Forest algorithm, trained on the full dataset, provides the best performance to estimate the GSHP potential. The resulting model yields an R2 score of 0.95 for the annual energy potential, 0.86 for the heat extraction rate, and 0.82 for the potential number of boreholes per GSHP system.

scholarly journals Shallow geothermal energy potential of south-west Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Miocic
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Geological Conditions

<p>A large-scale transformation of the heating and cooling sector is needed to achieve the climate neutrality goals by 2050 as outlined in the European Green Deal. One frequently discussed option for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions is the widespread use of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) for heating and cooling living spaces. Here, the technical potential of GSHPs to supply heat to buildings in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is analysed. This study is based on the yearly demand for heating energy at a building block scale, geological conditions, mean annual surface temperatures, as well as legal restrictions such as temperature differences at the heat pump, maximum monthly heat extraction rates as well as areas restricted from drilling. It is shown that for many densely populated areas many GSHPs would be needed to supply all the energy needed for heating. However, in less densely populated areas GSHPs can be used for heating. If future heating demand is lower due to wide-spread insulation retrofitting, GSHPs could supply most of the energy needed for heating even in densely populated areas.</p>

scholarly journals Ground Source Heat Pumps: Considerations for Large Facilities in Massachusetts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Wagner ◽  
Benjamin McDaniel ◽  
Dragoljub Kosanovic
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Current System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Conventional Cooling

Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have been implemented at large scales on several university campuses to provide heating and cooling. In this study, we test the idea that a GSHP system, as a replacement for an existing Combined Heat and Power (CHP) heating system coupled with conventional cooling systems, could reduce CO2 emissions, and provide a cost benefit to a university campus. We use the existing recorded annual heating and cooling loads supplied by the current system and an established technique of modeling the heat pumps and borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) using a TRNSYS model. The GSHP system is modeled to follow the parameters of industry standards and sized to provide an optimal balance of capital and operating costs. Results show that despite a decrease in heating and cooling energy usage and CO2 emissions are achieved, a significant increase in electric demand and purchased electricity result in an overall cost increase. These results highlight the need for thermal energy storage, onsite distributed energy resources and/or demand response in cases where electric heat pumps are used to help mitigate electric demand during peak periods.

An Analytical Optimization Algorithm for Wind Energy Coupled GSHP Systems for Sustainable Building HVAC

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birol I. Kilkis
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source

Effective utilization of low-enthalpy energy resources in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) of sustainable buildings require a careful optimization to assure the most economical coupling of HVAC systems with low-enthalpy energy resources. In one of the two separate prior studies an optimization algorithm for the optimal coupling of heat pumps and radiant panel heating and cooling systems was developed. In the second prior study an optimization algorithm for driving ground source heat pumps with wind turbines was developed. In this study these two algorithms were combined for a compound utilization of alternative energy resources. This paper describes the optimization algorithms, emphasizes their importance in achieving a cost effective combined application, and discusses the results obtained from the examples given.

scholarly journals A European Database of Building Energy Profiles to Support the Design of Ground Source Heat Pumps

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Carnieletto ◽  
Borja Badenes ◽  
Marco Belliardi ◽  
Adriana Bernardi ◽  
Samantha Graci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Profiles ◽  
Ground Source

The design of ground source heat pumps is a fundamental step to ensure the high energy efficiency of heat pump systems throughout their operating years. To enhance the diffusion of ground source heat pump systems, two different tools are developed in the H2020 research project named, “Cheap GSHPs”: A design tool and a decision support system. In both cases, the energy demand of the buildings may not be calculated by the user. The main input data, to evaluate the size of the borehole heat exchangers, is the building energy demand. This paper presents a methodology to correlate energy demand, building typologies, and climatic conditions for different types of residential buildings. Rather than envelope properties, three insulation levels have been considered in different climatic conditions to set up a database of energy profiles. Analyzing European climatic test reference years, 23 locations have been considered. For each location, the overall energy and the mean hourly monthly energy profiles for heating and cooling have been calculated. Pre-calculated profiles are needed to size generation systems and, in particular, ground source heat pumps. For this reason, correlations based on the degree days for heating and cooling demand have been found in order to generalize the results for different buildings. These correlations depend on the Köppen–Geiger climate scale.

scholarly journals Clean Energy for Cooling and Heating with Ground Source Heat Pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source

In the recent attempts to stimulate alternative energy sources for heating and cooling of buildings, emphasise has been put on utilisation of the ambient energy from ground source heat pump systems (GSHPs) and other renewable energy sources. Exploitation of renewable energy sources and particularly ground heat in buildings can significantly contribute towards reducing dependency on fossil fuels. The study was carried out at the Energy Research Institute (ERI), between September 2016 and November 2017. This paper highlights the potential energy saving that could be achieved through use of ground energy source. The main concept of this technology is that it uses the lower temperature of the ground (approximately <32°C), which remains relatively stable throughout the year, to provide space heating, cooling and domestic hot water inside the building area. The purpose of this study, however, is to examine the means of reducing of energy consumption in buildings, identifying GSHPs as an environmental friendly technology able to provide efficient utilisation of energy in the buildings sector, promoting the use of GSHPs applications as an optimum means of heating and cooling, and presenting typical applications and recent advances of the DX GSHPs. It is concluded that the direct expansion of GSHP are extendable to more comprehensive applications combined with the ground heat exchanger in foundation piles and the seasonal thermal energy storage from solar thermal collectors. This study highlights the energy problem and the possible saving that can be achieved through the use of the GSHP systems. This article discusses the principle of the ground source energy, varieties of GSHPs, and various developments.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Effects of Borehole Configuration and Interference with Long Term Ground Temperature Modelling of Ground Source Heat Pumps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lam E. Law ◽  
Seth B. Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Separation Distance ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source

Ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional heating and cooling systems because of their high efficiency and low greenhouse gas emissions. The ground acts as a heat sink/source for the excess/required heat inside a building for cooling and heating modes, respectively. However, imbalance in heating and cooling needs can change ground temperature over the operating duration. This increase/decrease in ground temperature lowers system efficiency and causes the ground to foul—failing to accept or provide more heat. In order to ensure that GSHPs can operate to their designed conditions, thermal modelling is required to simulate the ground temperature during system operation. In addition, the borehole field layout can have a major impact on ground temperature. In this study, four buildings were studied—a hospital, fast-food restaurant, residence, and school, each with varying borehole configurations. Boreholes were modeled in a soil volume using finite-element methods and heating and cooling fluxes were applied to the borehole walls to simulate the GSHP operation. 20 years of operation were modelled for each building for 2x2, 4x4, and 2x8 borehole configurations. Results indicate that the borehole separation distance of 6 m, recommended by ASHRAE, is not always sufficient to prevent borehole thermal interactions. Benefits of using a 2x8 configuration as opposed to a 4x4 configuration, which can be observed because of the larger perimeter it provides for heat to dissipate to surrounding soil were quantified. This study indicates that it is important to carefully consider ground temperature during the operation of a GSHP. Borehole separation distances, layout, and hybridization should be studied to alleviate ground fouling problems.

scholarly journals BUILDINGS DESIGN INTEGRATION WITH GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES AND AIR CONDITIONING APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer Osama Radwan
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Design Integration

Nowadays global warming and thermal islands in modern cities are spending much energy on heating and cooling spaces. Geothermal energy considered a renewable energy technology for space heating and cooling. The ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) are increasingly interested in their expressive potential to reduce fossil fuel consumption and hence reduce greenhouse gases. Geothermal energy used for both electricity generation and direct use, depending on the temperature and the chemistry of the resources. Recently, direct utilization has varied significantly, and there are several methods available for temperatures typically ranging from 4°C up to 80°C. (Lund J.W., 2012). This paper presents a comprehensive literature-based review of ground source heat pump technology, cooling, and heating applications buildings to achieve precisely human thermal comfort. Subsequently, propose the influence factors of the system components that would undoubtedly reflect on the optimal design of the building. As a result, achieve precisely an integrated building.

Dynamic Simulation of Organic Rankine Cycle-Assisted Ground-Source Heat Pump Based Micro-Cogeneration System in Cold Climates: A Case Study in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahiba Yaïci ◽  
Evgueniy Entchev ◽  
Michela Longo
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source ◽  
Cogeneration System

Abstract As the energy needed for heating and cooling involves a substantial amount (&gt; 80%) of residential energy utilisation in Canada, there is a demand for ultra-efficient energy systems for heating, cooling, and power generation. Two efficient systems to assist these systems are ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs). Of particular interest, this paper presents the integration of these two systems in a parallel configuration. A transient simulation model developed in TRNSYS program has been utilised to simulate the thermal performance of the combined ORC-GSHP based microco/trigeneration system. This later supplies heating and cooling to the residential load during the heating mode as required, with the capability to switch to a charging mode, where the ORC unit is directly coupled to the ground heat exchanger (GHE), which operates as a thermal energy storage and provides energy to the GSHP. The feasibility of this combined system configuration as well as its comparison with a conventional GSHP system are investigated for use in residential application in Ottawa, Canada temperature conditions. Results disclosed that the proposed micro-cogeneration system had the operating hours and performance of the GSHP improved by the addition of the ORC unit, resulting in about 11.8% reduction in hours in the colder city of Ottawa. The COP (coefficient of performance) of the GSHP system sustained a much higher value overall due to the addition of the ORC system to maintain the GHE storage temperature. In terms of net energy reduction between the conventional GSHP system and the ORC-assisted one, results revealed that Ottawa had energy usage reduction of 82.0%, demonstrating that the addition of an ORC to provide heating and recharge the GHE of a GSHP system has many advantages that could be accomplished by the end-user.

A solar-driven 5th generation district heating and cooling network with ground-source heat pumps: a thermo-economic analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 103438
Author(s):  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Francesco Liberato Cappiello ◽  
Massimo Dentice d'Accadia ◽  
Fontina Petrakopoulou ◽  
Maria Vicidomini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source

Development of design guidelines for thermo-active foundations

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung C. Kwag ◽  
Moncef Krarti
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pump ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Geothermal Heat ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Ground Source

Ground medium can be utilized as a direct energy source to heat and cool buildings. In particular, ground source heat pump systems take advantage of the year-round mild deep earth temperature without a significant reliance on any external energy sources. However, the high installation cost of ground source heat pumps associated with high drilling cost of vertical boreholes often make these systems less cost-effective compared to conventional heating and cooling systems. Thermo-active foundations can be a viable solution to reduce ground source heat pump high installation costs by embedding heat exchangers within building foundation structures. Compared to ground source heat pumps, only limited analyses and research studies have been reported for thermo-active foundations especially for the US climates. In particular, no specific design guidelines have been reported for thermo-active foundations especially for US climates. In this paper, a simplified design approach was developed and applied for specifying geothermal heat pump size and heat exchanger loop length to meet all or part of building heat and cooling thermal loads. The developed guidelines would thus provide a proper design guide for installation of thermo-active foundations for heating and cooling of both US residential and commercial buildings.

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