scholarly journals Towards the integration of personal task-lighting in an optimised balance between electric lighting and daylighting: A user-centred study of emotion, visual comfort, interaction and form-factor of task lights

2021 ◽  
Vol 2042 (1) ◽  
pp. 012115
Author(s):  
M. Papinutto ◽  
M. Colombo ◽  
M. Golsouzidou ◽  
K. Reutter ◽  
D. Lalanne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Computer Work ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Task Lighting ◽  
Save Energy

Abstract Task-lighting is a well-known strategy to save energy by bringing light where it is most needed, providing adaptable localised light conditions of special interest in the current home-office context. Despite these benefits and in addition to negatively impacting biological rhythms, the generalization of backlit screens has made task lights less demanded, with screen users tending to accept significantly lower amounts of the illuminance standards. In parallel, the advantages of task-lighting may contradict the energy benefits of presence-driven lighting or blinds automation. This pilot experiment aims at evaluating the task light usage patterns and characteristic preferences for both paper and computer work from a user-centered perspective to provide guidelines in terms of luminaires characteristics. Thirteen participants evaluated three different task lights in both paper and computer conditions. Our results emphasize the role of the luminaire’s form factor, interface and lighting control characteristics, providing general recommendations on luminaire design.

Management of deradicalisation in the UK: reflections of a clinical psychologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feryad A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
Clinical Counselling ◽  
The Uk

Radicalisation to violent action is not just a problem in foreign lands. Research has identified numerous politico–psychosocial factors to explain why young people from the UK are now joining terrorist groups such as ISIS. Our understanding has been expanded by the accounts of “returnees” who have subsequently either self-deradicalised or joined a government deradicalisation programme in the role of an Intervention Provider (IP). These individuals are now key to the deradicalisation programme. This article presents the reflections of a clinical psychologist who worked within a social healthcare team managing psychosocial issues related to radicalisation, in conjunction with an allocated IP. The project involved individuals from the Muslim community and, as such, issues discussed are specific to this group. It is acknowledged that the process in general is universally applicable to all groups though specifics may vary (under Trust agreement, details may not be discussed). This article also aims to share basic information on the current Home Office deradicalisation programme and raises questions about the current intervention. It also offers reflections on how the work of IPs may be facilitated and supported by clinical/counselling psychologists and psychotherapists.

scholarly journals On the modulation and maintenance of hibernation in captive dwarf lemurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina B. Blanco ◽  
Lydia K. Greene ◽  
Robert Schopler ◽  
Cathy V. Williams ◽  
Danielle Lynch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cheirogaleus Medius ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Metabolic Strategies

AbstractIn nature, photoperiod signals environmental seasonality and is a strong selective “zeitgeber” that synchronizes biological rhythms. For animals facing seasonal environmental challenges and energetic bottlenecks, daily torpor and hibernation are two metabolic strategies that can save energy. In the wild, the dwarf lemurs of Madagascar are obligate hibernators, hibernating between 3 and 7 months a year. In captivity, however, dwarf lemurs generally express torpor for periods far shorter than the hibernation season in Madagascar. We investigated whether fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) housed at the Duke Lemur Center (DLC) could hibernate, by subjecting 8 individuals to husbandry conditions more in accord with those in Madagascar, including alternating photoperiods, low ambient temperatures, and food restriction. All dwarf lemurs displayed daily and multiday torpor bouts, including bouts lasting ~ 11 days. Ambient temperature was the greatest predictor of torpor bout duration, and food ingestion and night length also played a role. Unlike their wild counterparts, who rarely leave their hibernacula and do not feed during hibernation, DLC dwarf lemurs sporadically moved and ate. While demonstrating that captive dwarf lemurs are physiologically capable of hibernation, we argue that facilitating their hibernation serves both husbandry and research goals: first, it enables lemurs to express the biphasic phenotypes (fattening and fat depletion) that are characteristic of their wild conspecifics; second, by “renaturalizing” dwarf lemurs in captivity, they will emerge a better model for understanding both metabolic extremes in primates generally and metabolic disorders in humans specifically.

THE ROLE OF CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF GHRELIN LEVELS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1750-1753
Author(s):  
Kateryna A. Tarianyk ◽  
Nataliya V. Lytvynenko ◽  
Anastasiia D. Shkodina ◽  
Igor P. Kaidashev
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Oscillators ◽  
Genes Expression

The paper is aimed at the analysis of the role of the circadian regulation of ghrelin levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Based on the literature data, patients with Parkinson’s disease have clinical fluctuations in the symptoms of the disease, manifested by the diurnal changes in motor activity, autonomic functions, sleep-wake cycle, visual function, and the efficacy of dopaminergic therapy. Biological rhythms are controlled by central and peripheral oscillators which links with dopaminergic neurotransmission – core of the pathogenesis of Parkinson`s disease. Circadian system is altered in Parkinson`s disease due to that ghrelin fluctuations may be changed. Ghrelin is potential food-entrainable oscillator because it is linked with clock genes expression. In Parkinson`s disease this hormone may induce eating behavior changing and as a result metabolic disorder. The “hunger hormone” ghrelin can be a biomarker of the Parkinson’s disease, and the study of its role in the pathogenesis, as well as its dependence on the period of the day, intake of levodopa medications to improve the effectiveness of treatment is promising.

scholarly journals Biological role of zonulin: a biomarker of increased intestinal permeability syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. I. Khavkin ◽  
N. M. Bogdanova ◽  
V. P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Intercellular Connections

.Both changes in diet and pathological conditions caused by an infectious agent, allergic or autoimmune inflammatory process, affect the biological rhythms of the digestive tract, which negatively affects the intestinal microbiota and increases the permeability of the intestinal mucosa. The altered microbiota potentiates inflammation and causes a “vicious circle”. The zonulin protein is the agent that modulates the density of intercellular connections. The review presents data on the biological role of zonulin, correction of its synthesis violation with the help of functional products for baby food.

scholarly journals EARLY FLOWERING 3 controls temperature responsiveness of the circadian clock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Zhu ◽  
Marcel Quint ◽  
Muhammad Usman Anwer
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Average Global Temperature ◽  
Clock Component ◽  
Rhythmic Growth

SummaryPredictable changes in light and temperature during a diurnal cycle are major entrainment cues that enable the circadian clock to generate internal biological rhythms that are synchronized with the external environment. With the average global temperature predicted to keep increasing, the intricate light-temperature coordination that is necessary for clock functionality is expected to be seriously affected. Hence, understanding how temperature signals are perceived by the circadian clock has become an important issue, especially in light of climate change scenarios. In Arabidopsis, the clock component EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) not only serves as an essential light Zeitnehmer, but also functions as a thermosensor participating in thermomorphogenesis. However, the role of ELF3 in temperature entrainment of the circadian clock is not fully understood. Here, we report that ELF3 is essential for delivering temperature input to the clock. We demonstrate that in the absence of ELF3, the oscillator was unable to properly respond to temperature changes, resulting in an impaired gating of thermoresponses. Consequently, clock-controlled physiological processes such as rhythmic growth and cotyledon movement were disturbed. Together, our results reveal that ELF3 is an essential Zeitnehmer for temperature sensing of the oscillator, and thereby for coordinating the rhythmic control of thermoresponsive physiological outputs.

Zonulin: physiological and clinical role in the perinatal period

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
A.I. Khavkin ◽  
◽  
N.M. Bogdanova ◽  
V.P. Novikova ◽  
D.V. Yudina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Intercellular Connections

Lifestyle change, including diet changes, often lead to an impairment of biological rhythms regulating production of gastrointestinal hormones, enzymes, neuropeptides, and various cytokines that ensure proper functioning of the digestive tract. Such changes are almost always associated with microbiota disorders and increase permeability of the intestinal mucosa. Zonulin is a diagnostic marker regulating intestinal wall stability and modulating the density of intercellular connections. Its biological role and mechanism of action are being actively studied now. This literature review aims to summarize the results of latest studies published over the last five years analyzing the role of zonulin in various diseases and conditions. The article also covers some aspects suggesting that zonulin can be used as a marker of normal functioning of the intestinal barrier not only in therapeutic, but also in obstetric and pediatric practice. Key words: biomarker, inflammatory cytokines, gestation, depression, zonulin, intestinal barrier, metabolism, microbiota, intestinal wall permeability

Emerging Role of Technology in Health Education for Youth

2016 ◽  
pp. 1447-1464
Author(s):  
Amir Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Youth Of Color ◽  
Current State ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Insight Into

The Information Technology (IT) produces significant impact on the emotional and social health of young people. It is obvious that IT is playing an increasingly important part in people's lives. This chapter reviews the current state of youth health and the role of digital landscapes in health education of youth. The chapter also provides insight into how youth, particularly youth of color, use technology to learn, communicate, and discuss various health-related issues. Specific technology needs and usage patterns are identified and success of various initiatives of use of technology for health educations is assessed. Various implications and recommendations are provided for optimizing technology use in young people health education.

14. Detention

2021 ◽  
pp. 519-559
Author(s):  
Gina Clayton ◽  
Georgina Firth ◽  
Caroline Sawyer ◽  
Rowena Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Immigration Law ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Indefinite Detention

This chapter focuses on the issue of immigration detention. The deprivation of liberty is one of the most serious infringements of fundamental human rights. In immigration law, individuals lose their liberty through the exercise of a statutory discretion by the Home Office or immigration officers. The chapter considers the statutory powers and executive guidelines, together with human rights and common law rules. The use of detention is an increasingly common phenomenon in the asylum process, and the key role of immigration bail is examined. The former use of indefinite detention for foreign terrorist suspects is discussed at the end of the chapter.

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