Improving the tests of catalytic converters accounting for the relationship between the composition of the working mixture entering the engine combustion chamber and CO and CH in exhaust gases

Abstract The article presents results of the study aimed to establish the relationship between the working mixture entering the engine combustion chamber and CO and CH in the exhaust gases. On the basis of the theory of fuel combustion in the engine chamber and the systematic approach, and using the mathematical methods, the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber is analyzed at low ambient temperatures to decrease emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The criterion for optimizing the tests of catalytic converters is substantiated for low temperatures - temperatures of the heat flow of the mixture at the exit from the combustion chambers of the engine cylinder. The limitation is the warm-up time of the catalytic converter when testing it on vehicles operating at low temperatures and the standards for the content of CO and CH in the exhaust gases of a passenger car engine. The application of the methods and the mathematical model can be the basis for supplementing UNECE Regulation No. 83-06 and improving the VI type test method for vehicles operating at low ambient temperatures.

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Development of a Cost Effective Catalytic Converter for Diesel Automobiles

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c4823.098319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 2989-2994

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Oxygen Storage ◽

Catalytic Converters ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Exhaust Gases ◽

The Developed Countries

The purpose of the work presented in this paper is to find and suggest a suitable solution to the exhaust pollution coming from the Diesel Automobiles particularly in the metro cities. Due to incomplete combustion of fuel oil pollutants like CO, HC, NOx are released into atmosphere causing negative impact on air quality, environment and human health. Researchers all over the world concentrated on how to reduce the pollutants. Euro norms specify the allowable percentages of CO, HC and NOx in the exhaust gases. Euro norms being implemented in the developed countries have given stringent values which has led to the development of catalytic converter which is an added equipment in automobile. Hitherto in the catalytic converters supplied in modern cars, Platinum and Rhodium metals are used for coating monoliths. These metals are rare and hence expensive. In the research carried out by the authors, suitable monolith substrates are tested and used in the catalytic converters with coating materials like CeO2 , ZrO2 over clay marbles, Copper Monolith and SS Discs which help NOx¬ abatement and oxygen storage. These were designed, fabricated and tested on automobiles. The results are encouraging showing marked fall of pollutants in exhaust gases.

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Deactivation of three-way catalytic converters and selected methods for investigating their efficiency

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-117416 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 119 (2) ◽

pp. 32-39

Author(s):

Andrzej AMBROZIK

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Converter ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Catalytic Converters ◽

Exhaust Gases ◽

Graphic Form

The paper presents operating conditions and basic processes involved in the deactivation of three-way catalytic converters of exhaust gases. The methods of diagnosing three-way catalytic converters are characterised taking into account their differentiation into three groups. The research stand for catalytic converter tests is described. The results of investigations into the conversion of harmful components of exhaust gases are given in a graphic form. The catalytic converters experimented on are platinum-rhodium and palladium-rhodium, both new and aged ones.

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An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj8.6.24 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

CORY JAY WILSON ◽

BENJAMIN FRANK

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Compressive Load ◽

Test Sample ◽

Test Methods ◽

Test Method ◽

Initial Development ◽

Sample Height ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Corrugated Fiberboard

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.

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Tire Treadwear — A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Factors: Generic Type, Aspect Ratio, Tread Pattern, and Tread Composition Part I: Introduction and Details on the Organization of the Program

Tire Science and Technology ◽

10.2346/1.2148774 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 201-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. G. Veith

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Test Method ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Data Analyses ◽

Main Effect ◽

Systematic Determination ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This four-part series of papers addresses the problem of systematic determination of the influence of several tire factors on tire treadwear. Both the main effect of each factor and some of their interactive effects are included. The program was also structured to evaluate the influence of some external-to-tire conditions on the relationship of tire factors to treadwear. Part I describes the experimental design used to evaluate the effects on treadwear of generic tire type, aspect ratio, tread pattern (groove or void level), type of pattern (straight rib or block), and tread compound. Construction procedures and precautions used to obtain a valid and functional test method are included. Two guiding principles to be used in the data analyses of Parts II and III are discussed. These are the fractional groove and void concept, to characterize tread pattern geometry, and a demonstration of the equivalence of wear rate for identical compounds on whole tread or multi-section tread tires.

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EMISSION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CONTAINED IN COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF GASOLINE ENGINES

Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus ◽

10.29235/1561-8323-2018-62-3-341-346 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 341-346 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Assad ◽

V. V. Grushevski ◽

O. G. Penyazkov ◽

I. N. Tarasenko

Keyword(s):

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

High Speed ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Catalytic Converter ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Exhaust Gases ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Load Mode

The concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the gasoline combustion products emitted into the atmosphere by internal combustion engines (ICE) has been measured using the gas chromatography method. The concentrations of PAHs in the exhaust gases sampled behind a catalytic converter has been determined when the ICE operates in five modes: idle mode, high speed mode, load mode, ICE cold start mode (engine warm-up) and transient mode. Using 92 RON, 95 RON and 98 RON gasoline the effect of the octane number of gasoline on the PAHs content in the exhaust gases has been revealed. The concentration of the most carcinogenic component (benzo(α)pyrene) in the exhaust gases behind a catalytic converter significantly exceeds a reference value of benzo(α)pyrene in the atmospheric air established by the WHO and the EU for ICE in the load mode.

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