scholarly journals Influence of the mold growth on the crystallographic composition of hemp mortar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
D. Kosiachevskyi ◽  
K. Abahri ◽  
A. Daubresse ◽  
E. Prat ◽  
M. Chaouche
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
One Year ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract The use of hemp mortar as a bio-based insulation composite is widely promoted in the construction sector in France due to its environmental and hygrothermal advantages and the availability and low price of hemp fibers. Nevertheless, the use of such materials claims the consideration of the microbiological contamination that could lead to its degradation. Molds are known for their ability to modify locally the composition of hemp mortar by decreasing the pH level. That’s why the main objectives of the present work are, first, to expose the hemp mortar favorable conditions for mold growth, secondly, to investigate the proliferation of the mold filaments inside the hemp mortar sample and, then, to analyze the crystallographic composition. Experimentally, hemp mortar samples were exposed to high level of relative humidity during one year until the mold growth. The SEM observation allowed to follow the internal growth and identify the depth of the mold growth. Finally, the composition of the contaminated hemp mortar was studied by X-ray diffraction. The obtained results reveal that molds growth occurs not only on the surface but also in the depth. Nevertheless, as the mold growth started only after one year of high humidity exposure, a good resistance of studied hemp mortar towards molds was noted. Furthermore, the mineralogical composition analysis of the contaminated samples shows that the hydrates responsible for durability remained. These results provide data to better predict the durability of hemp mortars.

Crystallization of simonkolleite (Zn5Cl2(OH)8 ∙ H2O) in powder samples prepared for mineral composition analysis by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Urszula Zagórska ◽  
◽  
Sylwia Kowalska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Method Error ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference

The analysis of mineralogical composition by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) is one of the standard research methods used in hydrocarbon exploration. In order to improve it and to obtain better results, the methodology of quantitative analysis used at Well Logging Department is being periodically (more or less) modified. After the introduction of the improvements, comparative analyses were performed on archival samples. Reflections from an unidentified phase which did not occur in the tested Rotliegend sandstone samples were noticed on X-ray diffractograms of archival samples. Reflections of a mineral called simonkolleite were identified in the X-ray diffraction database. Chemically it is a hydrated zinc chloride of the formula: Zn5Cl2(OH)8 × H2O. Analysis of the composition of samples in which simonkolleite crystallised, indicated that the mineral is being formed in the result of the slow reaction of zinc oxide with halite (NaCl) and water vapour. An attempt was made to determine the influence of the presence of this mineral on the results of the quantitative analysis of mineralogical composition. The above methodology was applied on a group of ten samples. The results of the quantitative analysis conducted for archival samples stored with added zincite standard containing simonkolleite and for new, freshly grinded (without artifact) samples were compared. The comparison of the obtained results showed a slight influence of this mineral on the quantitative composition of the remaining components. The difference between the results usually did not exceed the method error. At the same time a significant difference in the calculated content of the internal standard was noted – on average 1% less in archival than in new samples. This shows that the reaction occurring in the archival samples will affect the evaluation of the quality of the obtained quantitative analysis, at the same time excluding the possibility of determining the rock’s amorphous substance content with the internal standard method.

scholarly journals Phase and chemical composition analysis of pigments used in Cucuteni Neolithic painted ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Constantinescu ◽  
Roxana Bugoi ◽  
Emmanuel Pantos ◽  
Dragomir Popovici
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manganese Minerals ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition

Two analytical methods – 241Am-based X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction (SR-XRD) – were used to investigate the elemental and mineralogical composition of pigments which decorate some Cucuteni Neolithic ceramic sherds. Local hematite and local calcite were the main components for red and white pigments, respectively. For black pigments, iron oxides (e.g. magnetite) were used. They were often mixed with manganese oxides (e.g. jacobsite), which originated from Iacobeni manganese minerals deposits on the Bistrita River. Taking into account the results of the experiments, several conclusions regarding manufacturing procedures employed, and potential trade routes during the Neolithic were drawn.

scholarly journals Effect of NaClO dosage on the structure of degummed hemp fibers by 2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-laccase degumming

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Yeping Xiang ◽  
Ruiyun Zhang ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Jianyong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Cellulosic Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Shed Light

In this study, different dosages of NaClO were used in the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-laccase degumming system to remove non-cellulosic materials, and their effects on the structure of hemp fibers were analyzed and discussed. A scanning electron microscope was used to depict the surface morphology of fibers after oxidative degumming under various dosages of NaClO in the TEMPO-laccase degumming system. Chemical composition analysis was used to determine the content changes of the different components. Meanwhile, the content of functional groups was also discussed. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to evaluate the microstructural changes of degummed hemp fibers obtained from the degumming processes with different dosages of NaClO. The results showed that after the TEMPO-laccase system degumming process with a NaClO dosage of 16%, the cleanest and smoothest surface of degummed fibers could be observed and the non-cellulosic materials were significantly removed without any crystalline transformation or damage in the cellulose. This research could shed light on determining favorable operation parameters for hemp oxidation degumming and increasing the degumming efficiency, as well as in the oxidation control and quality assurance of hemp fibers for textile downstream end uses.

scholarly journals Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Analysis of Different Nigerian Metakaolins

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 953-964
Author(s):  
Ike Chimdieze Daniel ◽  
William Ghann ◽  
Igboko Ndubuisi Ndubuisi ◽  
Kenneth Okpala ◽  
Birol Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Edo State ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, four different metakaolin samples (C01, A6060, B6075, and C12090) were investigated to determine their constituent elements and the relative quantities of the oxide contents associated with each of the elements. Kaolin samples were collected from different sites at Okpella, a village in the Edo state of Nigeria, West Africa. The metakaolin was produced by calcination at 750℃, which was followed by the dealumination process. The prepared samples were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Digital images were obtained and analyzed to determine the texture and porosity of the samples.  FE-SEM images showed a slight difference in the morphology of the samples. Differing percentages of metal oxides were determined from the samples using EDS analysis.  The major oxides present in all the samples were Silica (Silicon oxide) and Alumina (Aluminium dioxide). Aluminium was completely absent in C12090 but had a large percentage of silicon (36%).

BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGY OF CENTRAL CUBA THROUGH STREAM SEDIMENT COMPOSITION ANALYSIS USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Williamson ◽  
◽  
Nicolas Perdrial ◽  
John M. Hughes ◽  
Mae Kate Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stream Sediment ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sediment Composition ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Phlebotomine Sand Fly Fauna andLeishmaniaInfection in the Vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park, a Natural Brazilian Heritage Site

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Silva Lana ◽  
Érika Monteiro Michalsky ◽  
Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias ◽  
João Carlos França-Silva ◽  
Fabiana de Oliveira Lara-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies ◽  
Serra Do Cipó ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Favorable Conditions

In the New World, the leishmaniases are primarily transmitted to humans through the bites ofLeishmania-infectedLutzomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae) phlebotomine sand flies. Any or both of two basic clinical forms of these diseases are endemic to several cities in Brazil—the American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) and the American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL). The present study was conducted in the urban area of a small-sized Brazilian municipality (Jaboticatubas), in which three cases of AVL and nine of ACL have been reported in the last five years. Jaboticatubas is an important tourism hub, as it includes a major part of the Serra do Cipó National Park. Currently, no local data is available on the entomological fauna or circulatingLeishmania. During the one-year period of this study, we captured 3,104 phlebotomine sand flies belonging to sixteenLutzomyiaspecies. In addition to identifying incriminated or suspected vectors of ACL with DNA of the etiological agent of AVL and vice versa, we also detectedLeishmaniaDNA in unexpectedLutzomyiaspecies. The expressive presence of vectors and naturalLeishmaniainfection indicates favorable conditions for the spreading of leishmaniases in the vicinity of the Serra do Cipó National Park.

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
F. Mostefa ◽  
Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
Salima Aggoun ◽  
D. Mekhatria
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Calorimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Yeny Widya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Handere Clays and Their Use as a Building Material

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Erdoğan
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Volcanic Glass ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clay Deposits

Handere clay deposits were discovered at Adana in Turkey. These clay units primarily consist of uncoloured claystone, pebbly sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone marl and include gypsum lenses and clay levels of various thicknesses in places. The physicochemical properties of these clays have been investigated by different techniques including Scanning Electron and Elemental Analysis (SEM and EDS), mineralogical analyses, chemical and physical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and Atterberg (Consistency) Limits Test. The mineralogical composition deduced from XRD is wide (smectite + palygorskite + illite ± feldspar ± chlorite ± quartz ± calcite ± serpentine) due to the high smectite contents (≈85%). SEM studies reveal that smectite minerals are composed of irregular platy leaves and show honeycomb pattern in the form of wavy leaves in places. The leaves presenting an array with surface edge contact are usually concentrated in the dissolution voids and fractures of volcanic glass. Organic matter content and loss on ignition analysis of raw materials are good for all the studied samples. In summary, Handere clays can be used as building materials in bricks, roof tiles, and cement and as a binder.

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