scholarly journals Will correlated colour temperature affect peoples’ thermal sensation outside the laboratory?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012238
Author(s):  
Jørn Toftum ◽  
Anders Thorseth ◽  
Ásta Logadóttir ◽  
Jakob Markvart ◽  
Sophie Stoffer
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Older Subjects

Abstract Earlier studies have shown that low Correlated Color Temperature of lighting (CCT) may induce a warmer thermal sensation than high CCTs at the same ambient temperature. The current study investigated if the association between CCT and thermal sensation would persist when subjects worked on computers, were exposed for longer duration and when the study population included older subjects whose vision may have changed with age. The study was carried out in a climate chamber with controllable LED lighting and where CCT could be gradually changed. Generally, the association between CCT and thermal sensation was weak and not significant. However, at 22°C and short-term exposure, the results indicated that high CCT caused a cooler thermal sensation. This association disappeared with more prolonged exposure duration and when subjects worked on a computer. Comparison of responses to lighting exposure of the two groups of subjects with mean ages of 24 years and 44 years showed no difference in their perceived thermal sensation when the CCT was changed. However, the older group of subjects could not distinguish differences in CCTs above 4000 K. The findings suggest that the magnitude of the effect of lighting on thermal perception is modest and only visible under exceptional and tightly controlled conditions that do not mirror actual buildings.

Long-term regulation of hexose uptake by isoproterenol in cultured 3T3 adipocytes

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. E706-E711 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. van Putten ◽  
H. M. Krans
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Hexose Uptake

Catecholamines are known to have short-term regulatory effects on fat cell hexose uptake. We examined the long-term effects of catecholamines on the insulin-sensitive 2-deoxyglucose (dGlc) uptake in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Prolonged exposure (48 h) to isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist) stimulated the basal dGlc uptake up to 90%. The effect was specific, time, concentration, and protein synthesis dependent and reversible. The effect of insulin was unaltered and superimposed on the increase in basal dGlc uptake. The long-term effect of isoproterenol was mimicked by epinephrine, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP), and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX). By contrast, short-term exposure to isoproterenol (and epinephrine) induced a protein synthesis-independent increase in basal dGlc uptake (30%) not accompanied by an increase in insulin responsiveness. Moreover, on short-term basis, DBcAMP and IBMX suppressed both the basal and insulin-stimulated uptake up to 50%. Determination of the intracellular nonphosphorylated dGlc during the uptake and of the hexokinase activity revealed that the long-term effect of isoproterenol was most likely due to alterations low in dGlc transport. In conclusion, long-term regulators of hexose uptake are in cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, isoproterenol, and other cAMP stimulators. The long-term effect is independent from the short-term regulatory effect of the agents and from the effect of insulin.

Association of short-term ozone and temperature with sleep disordered breathing

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1361-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Weinreich ◽  
Thomas E. Wessendorf ◽  
Noreen Pundt ◽  
Gudrun Weinmayr ◽  
Frauke Hennig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Scarce evidence suggests that ambient air pollution and temperature might play a role in incidence and severity of sleep disordered breathing (SDB). We investigated the association of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm (PM10)), ozone and temperature with SDB in the general population.Between 2006 and 2008, 1773 participants (aged 50–80 years) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study underwent screening for SDB, as defined by the apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI). We assessed daily exposure to PM10, ozone, temperature and humidity. We used multiple linear regression to estimate associations of daily PM10, ozone levels and temperature on the day of screening, adjusting for relative humidity, season, age, sex, body mass index, education, smoking habits, alcohol consumption and physical activity.In the study population, the mean±sdAHI was 11.2±11.4 events·h−1. Over all seasons, an interquartile range increase in temperature (8.6°C) and ozone (39.5 µg·m−3) was associated with a 10.2% (95% CI 1.2–20.0%) and 10.1% (95% CI 2.0–18.9%) increase in AHI, respectively. Associations for temperature were stronger in summer, yielding a 32.4% (95% CI 0.0–75.3%) increase in AHI per 8.6°C (p-value for season–temperature interaction 0.08). We observed that AHI was not associated with PM10.This study suggests that short-term variations in ozone concentration and temperature are associated with SDB.

scholarly journals Association of Short-Term Particulate Matter Exposure among 5-Year Cancer Survivors with Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7996
Author(s):  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Kyae Hyung Kim ◽  
Daein Choi ◽  
Seogsong Jeong ◽  
Kyuwoong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Study Population

The association of short-term particulate matter concentration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) among cancer survivors is yet unclear. Using the National Health Insurance Service database from South Korea, the study population consisted of 22,864 5-year cancer survivors with CVD events during the period 2015–2018. Using a time-stratified case-crossover design, each case date (date of incident CVD) was matched with three or four referent dates, resulting in a total of 101,576 case and referent dates. The daily average particulate matter 10 (PM10), 2.5 (PM2.5), and 2.5–10 (PM2.5–10) on the day of case or referent date (lag0), 1–3 days before the case or referent date (lag1, lag2, and lag3), and the mean value 0–3 days before the case or referent date (lag0–3) were determined. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD according to quartiles of PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5–10. Compared to the 1st (lowest) quartile of lag0–3 PM10, the 4th (highest) quartile of lag0–3 PM10 was associated with higher odds for CVD (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06–1.21). The 4th quartiles of lag1 (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.19), lag2 (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03–1.16), lag3 (aOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.12), and lag0–3 (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05–1.18) PM2.5 were associated with higher odds for CVD compared to the respective 1st quartiles. Similarly, the 4th quartile of lag0–3 PM2.5–10 was associated with higher CVD events (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19) compared to the 1st quartile. Short-term exposure to high levels of PM may be associated with increased CVD risk among cancer survivors.

scholarly journals Application of time to emesis data for primary triage of radiation accident victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Soloviev ◽  
A. S. Samoilov ◽  
A. O. Lebedev ◽  
M. K. Sedankin ◽  
E. A. Gudkov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Severity Of Injury ◽  
Primary Triage

Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the risk of developing large-scale radiation accidents with a large number of victims, who will need primary medical triage and early prediction of the severity of injury for correct routing from the source of sanitary losses.Intention. Validation of the method of estimating dose by time-to-emesis under various exposure conditions for pre-hospital triage of victims.Methodology. The object of the study is the data from State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (Moscow) database of acute radiation injuries.Results and Discussion: We have analyzed individual data for the victims of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster (114 persons) with a separate analysis of the irradiation conditions (short-term exposure for less than 20 minutes and prolonged exposure in selected groups), as well as the data from victims of other radiation accidents in the former USSR (26 persons) and 8 patients with total body radiotherapy without the use of antiemetics. It was shown that for the equal time-to-emesis intervals, predicted radiation injury is more severe in case of prolonged exposure vs short-term exposure. This may be due to varying rate of dose accumulation and so-called “unnecessary dose” effect – when the biological mechanism of vomiting has already been triggered against ongoing exposure. Results are presented as interval estimates of radiation injury severity by time-to-emesis for both short-term and prolonged exposures. We also have formulated two criteria for primary triage purposes in case of moderate or large numbers of victims due to large-scale radiation accidents.Conclusion. Recommendations for pre-hospital triage of victims are proposed.

Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Response to Short-Term Head-Down Bed Rest: A Nonlinear Approach

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 157-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Balocchi ◽  
A. Di Garbo ◽  
C. Michelassi ◽  
S. Chillemi ◽  
M. Varanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Recurrence Quantification

Abstract:Although it is well-known that prolonged exposure to microgravity environment such as in space travel results in derangements of orthostasis, recent evidence suggests that even short-term exposure may have similar effects and parallels such common examples as prolonged bed rest. Whereas spectral analysis of heart rate and systolic blood pressure have been unable to detect changes, we hypothesized that nonlinear indexes may be better able to uncover such perturbations. Eighteen healthy subjects were exposed to 4-hour head-down tilt, and of these, 4 exhibited fainting. Two nonlinear indexes, mutual information and recurrence quantification were used to analyze the data. Only recurrence quantification was able to detect a “decoupling” of heart rate and systolic blood pressure at rest using discriminant analysis (p < 0.05). These results suggest that orthostatic intolerance may be due to a decoupling of heart rate from systolic blood pressure reflexive activity occurring at rest.

Multikinase Inhibition by Sorafenib in B and T NHL Cell Lines: Increasing Cytostatic Efficacy after Prolonged Exposure

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4980-4980
Author(s):  
Bjoern Chapuy ◽  
Nikolai Schuelper ◽  
Elisabeth Kaehler ◽  
Lorenz H. Truemper ◽  
Gerald Wulf
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Erk Pathway ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Abstract Introduction: A substantial fraction of patients with relapsed or primarily refractory Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) can still not be cured with current chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of tyrosinkinase inhibition by sorafenib against NHL cells in vitro. Methods: Phosphorylation of RAF/MEK/ERK pathway members as well as of PDGF and VEGF receptors was analyzed by western blot with phospho-antibodies in a panel of cell lines, i.e. aggressive B-NHL (Balm3, Karpas422, Raji, Ramos, SuDHL4), mantle cell lymphoma (Granta, Jeko, Mino), and T cell lymphoma (CEM, HPB-ALL, Jurkat, Molt4). Cell viability under sorafenib exposure was tested by tetrazolium-based (MTT) assays and the proapoptotic and antiproliferative mechanisms were evaluated by annexin V and cell cycle assays, respectively. Clonogenic potential after long-term (10 days) exposure to sorafenib was analyzed by colony formation in inhibitor-free semisolid media. Results: Sorafenib reduced cell viability at clinically relevant concentrations with IC50 between 3.7 and 10.9 μM in seven cell lines, whereas four cell lines (Balm3, CEM, HPB-ALL, Granta) were less susceptible requiring IC50 of &gt;15 μM. Most sensitive were the diffuse large B cell lines, SUDHL4 and Karpas422, and the Burkitt cell lines, Ramos and Raji. Induction of apoptotic death through an annexin V positive intermediate was documented in the responding cell lines (range 20–90% at 10.9 μM) after short-term exposure (24 through 72 h). After prolonged exposure (&gt;10 days), apoptosis increased significantly, with proportions of annexin V positive cells at 7.3 μM above 75% in all cell lines except Jeko (39% ± 1.2%). In the remaining cells, we found cell cycle arrest to occur, leading to a complete loss of in vitro clonogenicity after cessation of sorafenib exposure in all cell lines (7.3 μM). Activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK-pathway was inhibited to variable degrees in all cell lines. Intensity of RAF and ERK phosphorylation inhibition alone, however, did not predict susceptibility to sorafenib after short-term exposure, suggesting a heterogeneous and time-dependent pattern of sorafenib targets to be involved. Conclusions: Sorafenib has significant in vitro efficacy against B and T cell lymphoma cells, especially after prolonged exposure.

The Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide on In Vitro Platelet Function

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Schiffer ◽  
Caroline L. Whitaker ◽  
Morton Schmukler ◽  
Joseph Aisner ◽  
Steven L. Hilbert
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

SummaryAlthough dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been used extensively as a cryopreservative for platelets there are few studies dealing with the effect of DMSO on platelet function. Using techniques similar to those employed in platelet cryopreservation platelets were incubated with final concentrations of 2-10% DMSO at 25° C. After exposure to 5 and 10% DMSO platelets remained discoid and electron micrographs revealed no structural abnormalities. There was no significant change in platelet count. In terms of injury to platelet membranes, there was no increased availability of platelet factor-3 or leakage of nucleotides, 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) or glycosidases with final DMSO concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% DMSO. Thrombin stimulated nucleotide and 5HT release was reduced by 10% DMSO. Impairment of thrombin induced glycosidase release was noted at lower DMSO concentrations and was dose related. Similarly, aggregation to ADP was progressively impaired at DMSO concentrations from 1-5% and was dose related. After the platelets exposed to DMSO were washed, however, aggregation and release returned to control values. Platelet aggregation by epinephrine was also inhibited by DMSO and this could not be corrected by washing the platelets. DMSO-plasma solutions are hypertonic but only minimal increases in platelet volume (at 10% DMSO) could be detected. Shrinkage of platelets was seen with hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose suggesting that the rapid transmembrane passage of DMSO prevented significant shifts of water. These studies demonstrate that there are minimal irreversible alterations in in vitro platelet function after short-term exposure to DMSO.

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