scholarly journals Low-power 25Gb/s 16:1 Multiplexer for 400Gb/s Ethernet PHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2083 (2) ◽  
pp. 022032
Author(s):  
Yongzheng Zhan ◽  
Tuo Li ◽  
Yuqiu Yue ◽  
Tongqiang Liu ◽  
Yulong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Hierarchical Architecture ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Cmos Inverter ◽  
High Data ◽  
Phase Stabilization ◽  
Noise Simulation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Transmission Speed

Abstract A lower power 25Gb/s 16:1 multiplexer using 65nm CMOS technology for 400Gb/s Ethernet (400GbE) physical layer (PHY) interface was presented. CMOS+CML mixed logic is adopted to achieve hierarchical architecture, avoiding the high clock requirement of one-step structure and improving the transmission speed. In order to reduce power while achieving high data rate, multiplexing structure is also optimized by utilizing multi-frequency multi-phase technology which not only ensures the requirement of the phase stabilization, but also leaves out some flip-flops. For CMOS-CML conversion circuit, transmission gate and cross-coupled CMOS inverter are used to match the delay of CMOS inverter, suppressing the effect of common-mode noise. Simulation results show that the multiplexer works correctly and jitter of output signal is less than 0.1UI. When voltage is 1.2V, the total power is 32.7mW at 25Gb/s.

scholarly journals Solution-Grown Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoplatelets onto Al Thin Films: Fine Control of Position and Lateral Thickness

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scarpellini ◽  
C. Leonardi ◽  
A. Mattoccia ◽  
L. Di Giamberardino ◽  
P. G. Medaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Layered Double Hydroxide ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Aluminum Film ◽  
Aluminum Layer ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Fine Control ◽  
One Step ◽  
Double Hydroxide

We have grown nanostructured films of Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) on different substrates by combining the deposition of an aluminum micropatterned thin layer with a successive one-step room-temperature wet-chemistry process. The resulting LDH film is made of lamellar-like nanoplatelets mainly oriented perpendicular to the substrate. Since the aluminum layer acts as both reactant and seed for the synthesis of the LDH, the growth can be easily confined with submicrometric-level resolution (about ±0.5 μm) by prepatterning the aluminum layer with conventional photolithographic techniques. Moreover, we demonstrate real-time monitoring of the LDH growth process by simply measuring the resistance of the residual aluminum film. If the aluminum layer is thinner than 250 nm, the morphology of LDH nanoplatelets is less regular and their final thickness linearly depends on the initial amount of aluminum. This peculiarity allows accurately controlling the LDH nanoplatelet thickness (with uncertainty of about ±10%) by varying the thickness of the predeposited aluminum film. Since the proposed growth procedure is fully compatible with MEMS/CMOS technology, our results may be useful for the fabrication of micro-/nanodevices.

scholarly journals A –5 dBm 400MHz OOK Transmitter for Wireless Medical Application

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
M. Yousefi ◽  
D. Koozehkanani ◽  
H. Jangi ◽  
N. Nasirzadeh ◽  
J. Sobhi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
High Data Rate ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
High Data

Abstract A 400 MHz high efficiency transmitter for wireless medical application is presented in this paper. Transmitter architecture with high-energy efficiencies is proposed to achieve high data rate with low power consumption. In the on-off keying transmitters, the oscillator and power amplifier are turned off when the transmitter sends 0 data. The proposed class-e power amplifier has high efficiency for low level output power. The proposed on-off keying transmitter consumes 1.52 mw at -5 dBm output by 40 Mbps data rate and energy consumption 38 pJ/bit. The proposed transmitter has been designed in 0.18μm CMOS technology.

A 2.3 mW Multi-Frequency Clock Generator with −137 dBc/Hz Phase Noise VCO in 180 nm Digital CMOS Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (08) ◽  
pp. 2050130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Kaur Sahani ◽  
Anil Singh ◽  
Alpana Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Dead Zone ◽  
Dynamic Logic ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Voltage Controlled Oscillator ◽  
Cmos Inverter ◽  
Digital Cmos

A fast phase frequency detector (PFD) and low gain low phase noise voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based phase-locked loop (PLL) design are presented in this paper. PLL works in the frequency range of 0.025–1.6[Formula: see text]GHz, targeting various SoC applications. The proposed PFD, designed using CMOS dynamic logic, is fast and improves the locking time, dead zone and blind zone in the PLL. The standard CMOS inverter gate-based pseudo differential VCO is used in the PLL. Also, CMOS inverter is used as variable capacitor to tune the frequency of VCO with control voltage. The proposed PLL is designed in a 180[Formula: see text]nm CMOS process with supply voltage of 1.8[Formula: see text]V. The phase noise of VCO is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100[Formula: see text]MHz. The reference clock of 25[Formula: see text]MHz synthesizes the output clock of 1.6[Formula: see text]GHz with rms jitter of 0.642[Formula: see text]ps.

Application of cascode level shifter for EMI reduction in LCD driver IC

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Woo Kim ◽  
Ho-Yong Choi ◽  
Sehyuk An ◽  
Nam-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Current Source ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Switching Current ◽  
Lcd Driver ◽  
Driver Circuit ◽  
Level Shifter ◽  
Emi Reduction

Purpose – This paper aims to design the circuit for electromagnetic interface (EMI) reduction in liquid crystal display (LCD). Design/methodology/approach – The cascode level shifter and segmented driver circuit are applied in LCD column driver integrated circuit (IC) for EMI reduction. Cascode current mirror is used in the proposed level shifter for DC voltage biasing and reduction of the driving current which passes through the level shifter. The on-off switching currents and transient times are measured and compared between the conventional and proposed level shifters. Additionally, a segmented data latch is obtained by the timing spread solution in data latch, and applied to split the large peak switching current into a number of smaller peak current. The timing spread-operation does not actually reduce the total power of the noise, instead, it spreads the noise power evenly over the frequency bandwidth. The optimal number of latch is dependent on the operating frequency and EMI allowance. The column driver IC and clock controller are integrated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology with 1-poly and 4-metal process. Findings – The post-layout simulation shows that the proposed column driver circuit for LCD driver IC significantly reduces the peak switching current, and it results in the reduction of EMI noise level by more than 15 dB. It is obtained with 20 segmented operations in data latch at 40 MHz frequency. Originality/value – The advantage of the cascode current source is that it can provide a well-controlled bias current with an accurate current transfer ratio. To reduce the EMI noise in LCD driver circuit, the cascode current source is properly located for the DC bias block in the level shifter. The application is rarely done by others, and a significant EMI noise reduction is found. The well-controlled current source provides a high performance switching in the level shifter.

Energy Efficient Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Aerospace ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Priya ◽  
Dan Popa ◽  
Frank Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Traditional Use

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have tremendous potential in many environmental and structural health monitoring applications including, gas, temperature, pressure and humidity monitoring, motion detection, and hazardous materials detection. Recent advances in CMOS-technology, IC manufacturing, and networking utilizing Bluetooth communications have brought down the total power requirements of wireless sensor nodes to as low as a few hundred microwatts. Such nodes can be used in future dense ad-hoc networks by transmitting data 1 to 10 meters away. For communication outside 10 meter ranges, data must be transmitted in a multi-hop fashion. There are significant implications to replacing large transmission distance WSN with multiple low-power, low-cost WSN. In addition, some of the relay nodes could be mounted on mobile robotic vehicles instead of being stationary, thus increasing the fault tolerance, coverage and bandwidth capacity of the network. The foremost challenge in the implementation of a dense sensor network is managing power consumption for a large number of nodes. The traditional use of batteries to power sensor nodes is simply not scalable to dense networks, and is currently the most significant barrier for many applications. Self-powering of sensor nodes can be achieved by developing a smart architecture which utilizes all the environmental resources available for generating electrical power. These resources can be structural vibrations, wind, magnetic fields, light, sound, temperature gradients and water currents. The generated electric energy is stored in the matching media selected by the microprocessor depending upon the power magnitude and output impedance. The stored electrical energy is supplied on demand to the sensors and communications devices. This paper shows the progress in our laboratory on powering stationary and mobile untethered sensors using a fusion of energy harvesting approaches. It illustrates the prototype hardware and software required for their implementation including MEMS pressure and strain sensors mounted on mobile robots or stationary, power harvesting modules, interface circuits, algorithms for interrogating the sensor, wireless data transfer and recording.

Development of multi-phase dynamic equations for a seven-link biped robot with improved foot rotation in the double support phase

2014 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farsam Farzadpour ◽  
Mohammad Danesh ◽  
Seyed M TorkLarki
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Trajectory Generation ◽  
Biped Robot ◽  
Dynamic Equations ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Phase Dynamic ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Support Phase ◽  
Double Support Phase

Gait generation plays a significant role in the quality of locomotion of legged robots. This paper presents the development of multi-phase dynamic equations and optimal trajectory generation for a seven-link planar-biped robot walking on the ground level with consideration of feet rotation in the double support phase. The main contribution of this paper is to increase the stability margin at the phase transition time for simultaneous feet rotation in double support phase by introducing a new style of feet rotation. First, the derivation of the dynamics equations, which is a challenging problem due to the existence of the holonomic constraints, is performed using the Lagrangian formulation. Then, an analytical solution to inverse kinematics is proposed to determine the angles of each joint. A multi-objective genetic algorithm-based optimization technique is proposed to obtain the key parameters in trajectory generation so that the zero moment point tracks a predefined stable trajectory and additionally minimizes the power consumption, which is subjected to actuators’ powers limitations. The effect of the hip height on the total power consumption is also investigated. The numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Smart Home Design Based on Wireless Transmission Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2132-2136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Xu ◽  
Zhi Hua Hu ◽  
Jian Jun Wang ◽  
Hai Hui Song
Keyword(s):  
Smart Home ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Protocol Stack ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
High Data ◽  
Tcp Protocol ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
Transmission Speed

In this article, a design of smart home control system which based on wireless transmission technology was presented. Through WIFI and 3G technology, users can monitor the equipments of their homes in everywhere. With WIFI’s ADHOC characteristics, equipments can be added or reduced easily. The high data transmission speed capability of WIFI and 3G makes the video monitor become possible. Both UDP and TCP protocol are used, thereinto, the UDP protocol is used to transmit video data, while the TCP protocol is used to transmit the data with security requirements. In order to save cost, Lwip protocol stack have been used to implement the requirements of this design.

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