scholarly journals SMAW: The Effects of Currents and Welding Rod Diameters on Welded Joint Ultimate Tensile Strength Using the Full Factorial DOE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012071
Author(s):  
Noor Ajian Mohd-Lair ◽  
Yuselley Yuyut ◽  
Zabidi Ahmad ◽  
Abdullah Mohd Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Significant Factors

Abstract This research was significant as it extensively studies the effects of current and rod diameter on SMAW welded join. The Mild Steel (AISI 1018) was used as the base material to be welded using the E-6013 welding rod. The experiment was constructed according to the full factorial design of experiment (DOE). This project found that the current and rod diameter are the significant factors in affecting the ultimate tensile strength (UTS). New contribution from this research was that the rod diameter is more significant than the current in affecting the UTS of a welded joint. In addition, this research also contributed new finding by showing that the interaction between current and rod diameter as significant in affecting the UTS. This interaction was also found to be more significant that current but less significant than rod diameter in affecting the UTS of welded joint. In addition, this research showed that the tensile strength increases when the current is increased from 80A to 100A. However, the tensile strength decreased as the current is set between 110A to 130A. At the same time, the welding rod diameter of 2.5mm produced the highest tensile strength compared to 3.2mm and 4.0mm rod diameter. This research also optimised the experiment and found that the highest tensile strength obtained is 342.39 MPa, which is produced using 80A of welding current with 2.5mm rod diameter.

An appraisal of characteristic mechanical properties and microstructure of friction stir welding for Aluminium 6061 alloy – Silicon Carbide (SiCp) metal matrix composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5804-5817
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Al 6061

It is expected that the demand for Metal Matrix Composite (MMCs) will increase in these applications in the aerospace and automotive industries sectors, strengthened AMC has different advantages over monolithic aluminium alloy as it has characteristics between matrix metal and reinforcement particles.  However, adequate joining technique, which is important for structural materials, has not been established for (MMCs) yet. Conventional fusion welding is difficult because of the irregular redistribution or reinforcement particles.  Also, the reaction between reinforcement particles and aluminium matrix as weld defects such as porosity in the fusion zone make fusion welding more difficult. The aim of this work was to show friction stir welding (FSW) feasibility for entering Al 6061/5 to Al 6061/18 wt. % SiCp composites has been produced by using stir casting technique. SiCp is added as reinforcement in to Aluminium alloy (Al 6061) for preparing metal matrix composite. This method is less expensive and very effective. Different rotational speeds,1000 and 1800 rpm and traverse speed 10 mm \ min was examined. Specimen composite plates having thick 10 mm were FS welded successfully. A high-speed steel (HSS) cylindrical instrument with conical pin form was used for FSW. The outcome revealed that the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint (Al 6061/18 wt. %) was 195 MPa at rotation speed 1800 rpm, the outcome revealed that the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint (Al 6061/18 wt.%) was 165 MPa at rotation speed 1000 rpm, that was very near to the composite matrix as-cast strength. The research of microstructure showed the reason for increased joint strength and microhardness. The microstructural study showed the reason (4 %) for higher joint strength and microhardness.  due to Significant   of SiCp close to the boundary of the dynamically recrystallized and thermo mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) was observed through rotation speed 1800 rpm. The friction stir welded ultimate tensile strength Decreases as the volume fraction increases of SiCp (18 wt.%).

Enhancements on dissimilar friction stir welding between AZ31 and SPHC mild steel with Al-Mg as powder additives

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Mohd Ridha Muhamad ◽  
Sufian Raja ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Jamaludin ◽  
Farazila Yusof ◽  
Yoshiaki Morisada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Welding Speed ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Welding Interface

Abstract Dissimilar materials joining between AZ31 magnesium alloy and SPHC mild steel with Al-Mg powder additives were successfully produced by friction stir welding process. Al-Mg powder additives were set in a gap between AZ31 and SPHC specimen's butt prior to welding. The experiments were performed for different weight percentages of Al-Mg powder additives at welding speeds of 25 mm/min, 50 mm/min and 100 mm/min with a constant tool rotational speed of 500 rpm. The effect of powder additives and welding speed on tensile strength, microhardness, characterization across welding interface and fracture morphology were investigated. Tensile test results showed significant enhancement of tensile strength of 150 MPa for 10% Al and Mg (balance) powder additives welded joint as compared to the tensile strength of 125 MPa obtained for welded joint without powder additives. The loss of aluminium in the alloy is compensated by Al-Mg powder addition during welding under a suitable heat input condition identified by varying welding speeds. Microstructural analysis revealed that the Al-Mg powder was well mixed and dispersed at the interface of the joint at a welding speed of 50 mm/min. Intermetallic compound detected in the welding interface contributed to the welding strength.

scholarly journals Effect of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations of orbital pipe welding on SS 316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12 (110)) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agus Widyianto ◽  
Ario Sunar Baskoro ◽  
Gandjar Kiswanto ◽  
Muhamad Fathin Ginanjar Ganeswara
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Welding Sequence ◽  
Pipe Welding

Orbital pipe welding was often used to manufacture piping systems. In orbital pipe welding, a major challenge is the welding torch’s position during the welding process, so that additional methods are needed to overcome these challenges. This paper discusses the influence of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations in orbital pipe welding with SS 316L pipe square butt joints. The variation of the orbital pipe welding parameters used is welding current and welding sequence. The welding current used is 100 A, 110 A, and 120 A, while the welding sequence used is one sequence, two sequences, three sequences, and four sequences. The welding results will be analyzed from distortion measurement, mechanical properties test and metallurgical observations. Distortion measurements are made on the pipe before welding and after welding. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile tests and microhardness tests, while metallurgical observations include macrostructure and microstructural observations. The results show that maximum axial distortion, transverse distortion, ovality, and taper occurred at a welding current of 120 A with four sequences of 445 µm, 300 µm, 195 µm, and 275 µm, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength is 51 % compared to the base metal’s ultimate tensile strength. Horizontal and vertical microhardness tests show that welding with one sequence produces the greatest microhardness value, but there is a decrease in the microhardness value using welding with two to four sequences. Orbital pipe welding results in different depths of penetration at each pipe position. The largest and smallest depth of penetration was 4.11 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively

scholarly journals Analysis of Welding Position and Current on Mechanical Properties of A36 Steel using Shield Metal Arc Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2117 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
F Vietanti ◽  
A F Rajan ◽  
A A Arifin ◽  
D H Feryanto ◽  
Suheni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
A Value ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Strict Condition ◽  
Joint Connection ◽  
A36 Steel ◽  
Welding Position

Abstract Welding is an assembly process that is most often used in the world of construction today. Welding is often used for repairing and maintenance of all tools made of metal, both as a process for filling cracks, temporary joining, or cutting metal parts. This study aims to determine the effect of welding current and position on the tensile strength and Vickers hardness (HV). This study uses ASTM A36 steel plate as base material. The variation of welding currents used are 90A, 110A, and 130A combine with variations in positions 1G, 2G, and 3G. The electrode used in this study is E6013 electrode with a diameter of 3.2 with a butt joint connection. All of processes are performed in room temperature with a strict condition. The results are as follow, the highest Ultimate Tensile Strength is obtained at 90A current and 3G position with a value of 471.93 MPa. For the highest hardness in the Vickers test, it is also obtained at 90A current and 3G position with a value of 242.20 Kgf/mm2.

Effect of Softening on Tensile Strength Limit in Girth-Welded Pipe Joints

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houichi Kitano ◽  
Shigetaka Okano ◽  
Masahito Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Strength Limit ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Soft Interlayer ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
Welded Pipe

This paper discusses the ultimate tensile strength of girth-welded pipe joints with one or more soft interlayers, as determined by theoretical approaches and FE analysis. In FE analysis, the soft interlayer is assigned to be either the weld metal or heat-affected zone (HAZ). Based on the results of the FE analysis, an evaluation formula is proposed for the ultimate tensile strength of a welded joint including the soft interlayer.

Experimental Study on Tensile Strength of Butt Joints for Mild Steel with Thickness 6mm Using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.A. Zakaria ◽  
K.N.M. Hasan ◽  
M.F.A. Razak ◽  
Amirrudin Yaacob ◽  
A.R. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

In this study, the effects of various welding parameters on welding strength in low carbon steel JIS G 3101 SS400, welded by gas metal arc welding were investigated. Welding current, arc voltage and travel speed are the variable parameters were studied in this study. The ultimate tensile strength, hardness and heat affected zone were measured for each specimen after the welding operations, and the effects of these parameters on strength were examined. Then, the relationship between welding parameter and ultimate tensile strength, hardness and heat affected zone were determined. Based on the finding, the best parameter is formulated and used to calculate the heat input.

Effects of Longitudinal Vibration on the Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel Weldments

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Tewari ◽  
A Shanker
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Longitudinal Vibration ◽  
Vibration Experiment

This paper deals with the effect of longitudinal vibration on the mechanical properties of mild steel weldments. The weldments were prepared under different frequencies and amplitudes of vibration. Experiment was carried out in the frequency and amplitude ranges of 0-400 Hz and 0-40 μm respectively. It is found that yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness improves for mild steel specimens welded under vibratory conditions. It is further observed that this improvement in the mechanical properties is appreciable up to 30 μm amplitude.

Influence of the Process Temperature on the Properties of Friction Stir Welded Blanks Made of Mild Steel and Aluminum

2014 ◽  
Vol 611-612 ◽  
pp. 1429-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Mertin ◽  
Andreas Naumov ◽  
Linda Mosecker ◽  
Markus Bambach ◽  
Gerhard Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Dissimilar Joints ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Aluminum Base

Hybrid components made of steel and aluminum sheet metal are a promising approach for weight reduction for automotive applications. However, lightweight components made of steel and aluminum require suitable joining technologies, particularly if forming operations follow after the welding process. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a promising solid-state welding technology for producing dissimilar joints of steel and aluminum. Within this work dissimilar butt joints were produced using sheet metals of mild steel DC04 and the aluminum alloy AA6016 with a thickness of about 1 mm. The FSW joints show approximately 85 % of the tensile strength of the aluminum base material. In metallographic investigations of the produced FSW blanks it was found that the microstructure in the area of the weld seam changes in the aluminum alloy due to the process temperature and plastic deformation. Due to temperature dependent changes of precipitations of the aluminum alloy, temperature measurements have been carried out during the welding process. To find an explanation of the reduction in tensile strength of the FSW joints, short time heat treatment experiments in the temperature range between 250 °C and 450 °C were performed using the aluminum base material. Heat treatments in the temperature range of the measured process temperature result in a reduction of the tensile strength of about 20 % regardless the annealing time.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stainless Steel AISI 316Ti Corner Joints Quality Produced by Tungsten Inert Gas Welding

TEM Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1475-1479
Author(s):  
Dominika Botkova ◽  
Frantisek Botko ◽  
Zuzana Mitalova ◽  
Vladimir Simkulet ◽  
Maros Somsak
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Stainless Steel Aisi

Welding is one of the most common ways of creating permanent joints in various industries. It is important to constantly look for ways to increase the quality of welds and look for optimal conditions to achieve a quality joint. The presented article is focused on the evaluation of the quality of weldments made of AISI 316Ti material created by TIG technology with additional material and without additional material. The parameter that changed was the welding current. HV hardness measurements and macroscopic weld evaluation were used to evaluate the quality of the welded joint.

scholarly journals Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Salt Spray Corrosion Test Parameters Optimization for AA8079 with Reinforcement of TiN + ZrO2

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5260
Author(s):  
T. Sathish ◽  
V. Mohanavel ◽  
T. Arunkumar ◽  
T. Raja ◽  
Ahmad Rashedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Salt Spray Corrosion ◽  
Microhardness Test ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Stirring Time

This work mainly focuses on increasing the mechanical strength and improving the corrosion resistance of an aluminum alloy hybrid matrix. The composites are prepared by the stir casting procedure. For this work, aluminum alloy 8079 is considered as a base material and titanium nitride and zirconium dioxide are utilized as reinforcement particles. Mechanical tests, such as the ultimate tensile strength, wear, salt spray corrosion test and microhardness test, are conducted effectively in the fabricated AA8079/TiN + ZrO2 composites. L9 OA statistical analysis is executed to optimize the process parameters of the mechanical and corrosion tests. ANOVA analysis defines the contribution and influence of each parameter. In the tensile and wear test, parameters are chosen as % of reinforcement (3%, 6% and 9%), stirring speed (500, 550 and 600 rpm) and stirring time (20, 25 and 30 min). Similarly, in the salt spray test and microhardness test, the selected parameters are: percentage of reinforcement (3%, 6% and 9%), pH value (3, 6 and 9), and hang time (24, 48 and 72 h). The percentage of reinforcement highly influenced the wear and microhardness test, while the stirring time parameter extremely influenced the ultimate tensile strength. From the corrosion test, the hang time influences the corrosion rate. The SEM analysis highly reveals the bonding of each reinforcement particle to the base material.

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