scholarly journals Influence of the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating on the piston heads depending on the parameters of the microarc oxidation mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 2131 (4) ◽  
pp. 042046
Author(s):  
A Khokhlov ◽  
D Maryin ◽  
D Molochnikov ◽  
A Khokhlov ◽  
I Gayaziev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Piston Head

Abstract This paper discusses the process of formation of an oxide coating (hardening and heat-insulating coating) on the working surfaces of the head (top and piston grooves) of the piston by the method of microarc oxidation (MAO). In the process of oxidation of the piston head, the operating parameters of MAO will have a significant effect on the thickness and porosity of a formed oxide coating. The paper presents the theoretical relationships between the electrical parameters of the microarc oxidation mode and the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating. The thickness of the formed oxide coating on the piston heads will depend on the applied voltage and the composition of the electrolyte used. The porosity of the formed oxide coating will depend on the parameters of the current strength and the applied voltage. It is theoretically established that the formation of an oxide coating of a certain thickness and porosity occurs due to changes in the current strength, voltage and time of microarc oxidation.

scholarly journals Influence of the parameters of the process conditions for microarc oxidation on the formation of the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
A.L. Khokhlov ◽  
◽  
D.M. Maryin ◽  
A.A. Khokhlov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Piston Head ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation

The process of formation of an oxide coating (strengthening and heat-insulating one) on the working surfaces of the piston head (piston bottom and grooves) using the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is discussed. It is noted that during the oxidation of the piston head, the MAO process conditions will have a significant effect on the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating formed. The theoretical dependences of the influence of the electrical parameters of the microarc oxidation process conditions on the thickness and porosity of the oxide coating are presented. It has been found that the thickness of the oxidized layer will be directly proportional to the voltage and composition of the electrolyte, and the porosity is inversely proportional to the voltage and directly proportional to the current strength. It is shown that by varying the parameters of the oxidation conditions (current strength, voltage and process time), oxidized layers of the required thickness and porosity can be obtained.

scholarly journals Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Dairy Wastewater Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Hossein Moein ◽  
Ferdos Kord Mostafapour ◽  
Shima Nakhaie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Aluminum Electrodes ◽  
Industry Wastewater

Dairy industry wastewater is characterized by high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and other pollution load. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the operating parameters such as applied voltage, number of electrodes, and reaction time on a real dairy wastewater in the electrocoagulation process. For this purpose, aluminum electrodes were used in the presence of potassium chloride as electrolytes. It has been shown that the removal efficiency of COD, BOD5, and TSS increased with increasing the applied voltage and the reaction time. The results indicate that electrocoagulation is efficient and able to achieve 98.84% COD removal, 97.95% BOD5removal, 97.75% TSS removal, and >99.9% bacterial indicators at 60 V during 60 min. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of electrocoagulation techniques for the treatment of dairy wastewaters. Finally, the results demonstrated the technical feasibility of electrocoagulation process using aluminum electrodes as a reliable technique for removal of pollutants from dairy wastewaters.

Synchronous Concentrating and Purifying Dilute Nickel Wastewater by Electrodeionization Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xia Lu ◽  
Jian You Wang ◽  
Shao Feng Bu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Flow Rates

Applicable configuration alteration of the electrodeionization （EDI）process commonly for pure water production was carried out to treat dilute nickel wastewater in this paper. The effects of major operating parameters such as applied voltage, dilute and concentrate stream flow rates on the performance of EDI process were investigated systematically. The results showed that, with the feed water containing 50mg·L-1 Ni2+ and pH of 5.7, the dilute resistivity of the EDI could reach higher than 1.0MΩ·cm which gave a Ni2+ rejection more than 99.8% while the Ni2+ was concentrated as high as 1564mg·L-1 in the concentrate stream by optimizing the operating parameters. It was indicated that pure water production and concentrating of heavy metal ions could be simultaneously accomplished via EDI technology just in one process, valuable heavy metal and water resource could be recovered as well.

Highly Efficient Biodiesel Conversion from Soybean Oil Using Liquid-Phase Plasma Discharge Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wu ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Bashir ◽  
Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
Anilkumar Krosuri ◽  
Armando McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Plasma Discharge ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Dielectric Plate ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Liquid Phase Plasma

Abstract. In this study, the use of liquid-phase plasma discharge (LPPD) technology to accelerate the transesterification process was explored. An innovative LPPD reactor was first evaluated by varying the conductive opening size on the dielectric plate (0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 mm) coupled with five methanol to oil molar ratios (MOMR; 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) and two liquid flowrates through the reactor (2.7 and 4.1 mL s-1) at a given catalyst (NaOH) to oil ratio (NaOR) of 0.8% (w/w). The optimal combination of opening size (1.0 mm), MOMR (5), and flowrate (2.7 mL s-1) was then fixed while the NaOR was varied from 0.4% to 1.2% (w/w) in 0.2% increments to determine the best NaOR for the reactor. The results showed that the best combination of the four operating parameters was an opening size of 1.0 mm, MOMR of 5, liquid flowrate of 2.7 mL s-1, and NaOR of 0.6% (w/w), with which a biodiesel conversion rate of 99.5% was obtained at an applied voltage of 1.2 kV. The transesterification reaction time was found to be only 923 ms. The developed LPPD technology has potential to position biodiesel competitively against petroleum diesel. Keywords: Biodiesel conversion, Liquid-phase plasma discharge, Soybean oil, Transesterification

scholarly journals Results of engine tests of an experimental gasoline internal combustion engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Dmitry Maryin ◽  
Andrei Glushchenko ◽  
Anton Khokhlov ◽  
Evgeny Proshkin ◽  
Rail Mustyakimov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Oxidation Method ◽  
Piston Head ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Insulating Properties

To improve the power and fuel and economic performance of a gasoline internal combustion engine, it has been proposed to improve the insulating properties of the piston by forming a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the piston head with a thickness of 25...30 μm using the microarc oxidation method. Comparative results of engine tests are carried out, which showed that an engine equipped with pistons with a heat-insulating coating on the working surfaces of the head increases power by 5.3 % and reduces hourly fuel consumption by 5.7 % compared to an engine equipped with standard pistons.

Tribological Performance of Ceramic Composite Coatings Obtained through Microarc Oxidation on Ly12 Aluminum Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Hua Li ◽  
Yu Jun Yin ◽  
Da Wei Shen ◽  
Yuan Yuan Zu ◽  
Chang Zheng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Oxide Coating ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sand Abrasion ◽  
Α Al2o3

A dense ceramic oxide coating approximately 30µm thick was prepared on a Ly12 Al alloy by microarc oxidation in an alkali-silicate electrolytic solution. The morphology and microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Coating thickness and surface roughness (Ra) were measured after the coating had been synthesized. The tribological performance of the coatings was evaluated using a dry sand abrasion test and a solid particle erosion test. The results show that microarc oxidation coatings consist of the loose superficial layer and the inner dense layer. Both inner layer and out layer are composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3, While the Al6Si2O3 phase is observed only in out loose layer. The average of the microhardness of the coating is 2096Hv.

scholarly journals Characteristics of electrical parameters during microarc oxidation of titanium alloys

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 6537
Author(s):  
Wu Han-Hua ◽  
Long Bei-Hong ◽  
Long Bei-Yu ◽  
Tang Yuan-Guang ◽  
Chang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Microarc Oxidation ◽  
Electrical Parameters

scholarly journals Removal of Cadmium from Industrial Wastewater using Electrocoagulation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alameen Salem ◽  
Najwa Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process ◽  
Aluminum Electrodes

Cadmium is one of the heavy metal found in the wastewater of many industries. The electrocoagulation offers many advantages for the removal of cadmium over other methods. So the removal of cadmium from wastewater by using electrocoagulation was studied to investigate the effect of operating parameters on the removal efficiency. The studied parameters were the initial pH, initial concentration, and applied voltage. The study experiments were conducted in a batch reactor with  with two pairs of aluminum electrodes with dimension  and 2mm in thick with 1.5 cm space between them. The optimum removal was obtained at pH =7, initial concentration = 50 mg/L, and applied voltage = 20 V and it was 90%.

scholarly journals Preparation of Electrosprayed Poly(caprolactone) Microparticles Based on Green Solvents and Related Investigations on the Effects of Solution Properties as Well as Operating Parameters

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengchang Zhang ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
Fabien Salaün
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Working Distance ◽  
Poly Caprolactone

Electrosprayed poly(caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles were produced using five solvents (ethyl acetate, acetone, anisole, glacial acetic acid and chloroform) under different PCL concentrations and operating parameters. Not only green and appropriate solvent for PCL electrospraying was pointed out, but also the effects of solution properties (surface tension, electrical conductivity, viscosity and vapor pressure) and operating parameters (flow rate, working distance and applied voltage) on the formation of electrosprayed particles were clarified. The formation and shape of Taylor cone during electrospraying was observed by high-speed images captured with a camera, and the size and morphology of electrosprayed particles were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopies. It can conclude that the cone–jet range of applied voltage mainly depended on electrical conductivity, and an ideal Taylor cone was easier to form under high viscosity and low surface tension. Although high electrical conductivity was a contributor to fabricate tiny particles, it was easier to fabricate mono-dispersed microparticles under low electrical conductivity. The poly-dispersed distribution obtained with a high electrical conductivity converted into mono-dispersed distribution with the increasing of viscosity. Furthermore, the size of electrosprayed particles also correlated with the surface tension and vapor pressure of the solvent used. Ethyl acetate, due to mild electrical conductivity and surface tension, moderate viscosity and vapor pressure, is a green and suitable solvent for PCL electrospraying. Single pore PCL microparticles with smooth cherry-like morphology can be prepared from ethyl acetate. Finally, long working distance not only stabilizes the break-up of charged jet, but also promotes the evaporation of solvent.

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