Impact of X-ray induced radiation damage on FD-MAPS of the ARCADIA project

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. C01035
Author(s):  
C. Neubüser ◽  
T. Corradino ◽  
S. Mattiazzo ◽  
L. Pancheri
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Sensor Design ◽  
Charge Collection Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Active Pixel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent advancements in Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) demonstrated the ability to operate in high radiation environments of up to multiple kGy’s, which increased their appeal as sensors for high-energy physics detectors. The most recent example in such application is the new ALICE inner tracking system, entirely instrumented with CMOS MAPS, that covers an area of about 10 m2. However, the full potential of such devices has not yet been fully exploited, especially in respect of the size of the active area, power consumption, and timing capabilities. The ARCADIA project is developing Fully Depleted (FD) MAPS with an innovative sensor design, that uses a proprietary processing of the backside to improve the charge collection efficiency and timing over a wide range of operational and environmental conditions. The innovative sensor design targets very low power consumption, of the order of 20 mW cm−2 at 100 MHz cm−2 hit flux, to enable air-cooled operations of the sensors. Another key design parameter is the ability to further reduce the power regime of the sensor, down to 5 mW cm−2 or better, for low hit rates like e.g. expected in space experiments. In this contribution, we present a comparison between the detector characteristics predicted with Technology Computer Aided Design (TCAD) simulations and the ones measured experimentally. The comparison focuses on the current-voltage (IV) and capacitance-voltage (CV) characteristics, as well as noise estimated from in-pixel capacitances of passive/active pixel matrices. In view of the targeted applications of this technology, an emphasis is set on the modeling of X-ray induced radiation damage at the Si-SiO2 interface and the impact on the in-pixel sensor capacitance. The so-called new Perugia model has been used in the simulations to predict the sensor performance after total ionizing doses of up to 10 Mrad.

A multi-length-scale USAXS/SAXS facility: 10–50 keV small-angle X-ray scattering instrument

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1508-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron Freelon ◽  
Kamlesh Suthar ◽  
Jan Ilavsky
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Facility ◽  
Ray Scattering

Coupling small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) provides a powerful system of techniques for determining the structural organization of nanostructured materials that exhibit a wide range of characteristic length scales. A new facility that combines high-energy (HE) SAXS and USAXS has been developed at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The application of X-rays across a range of energies, from 10 to 50 keV, offers opportunities to probe structural behavior at the nano- and microscale. An X-ray setup that can characterize both soft matter or hard matter and high-Zsamples in the solid or solution forms is described. Recent upgrades to the Sector 15ID beamline allow an extension of the X-ray energy range and improved beam intensity. The function and performance of the dedicated USAXS/HE-SAXS ChemMatCARS-APS facility is described.

Single Crystal Wurtzitic Aluminum Nitride Growth on Silicon Using Supersonic Gas Jets

1995 ◽  
Vol 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ustin ◽  
L. Lauhon ◽  
K. A. Brown ◽  
D. Q. Hu ◽  
W. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rutherford Back Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supersonic Molecular Beam ◽  
Supersonic Beams ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTHighly oriented aluminum nitride (0001) films have been grown on Si(001) and Si (111) substrates at temperatures between 550° C and 775° C with dual supersonic molecular beam sources. Triethylaluminum (TEA;[(C2H5)3Al]) and ammonia (NH3) were used as precursors. Hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen were used as seeding gases for the precursors, providing a wide range of possible kinetic energies for the supersonic beams due to the disparate masses of the seed gases. Growth rates of AIN were found to depend strongly on the substrate orientation and the kinetic energy of the incident precursor; a significant increase in growth rate is seen when seeding in hydrogen or helium as opposed to nitrogen. Growth rates were 2–3 times greater on Si(001) than on Si(111). Structural characterization of the films was done by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray rocking curve (XRC) full-width half-maxima (FWHM) were seen as small as 2.5°. Rutherford back scattering (RBS) was used to determine the thickness of the films and their chemical composition. Films were shown to be nitrogen rich, deviating from perfect stoichiometry by 10%–20%. Surface analysis was performed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).

Flash Proton Radiography

2015 ◽  
Vol 08 ◽  
pp. 165-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Proton Radiography ◽  
Los Alamos ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Wide Range

Protons were first investigated as radiographic probes as high energy proton accelerators became accessible to the scientific community in the 1960s. Like the initial use of X-rays in the 1800s, protons were shown to be a useful tool for studying the contents of opaque materials, but the electromagnetic charge of the protons opened up a new set of interaction processes which complicated their use. These complications in combination with the high expense of generating protons with energies high enough to penetrate typical objects resulted in proton radiography becoming a novelty, demonstrated at accelerator facilities, but not utilized to their full potential until the 1990s at Los Alamos. During this time Los Alamos National Laboratory was investigating a wide range of options, including X-rays and neutrons, as the next generation of probes to be used for thick object flash radiography. During this process it was realized that the charge nature of the protons, which was the source of the initial difficulty with this idea, could be used to recover this technique. By introducing a magnetic imaging lens downstream of the object to be radiographed, the blur resulting from scattering within the object could be focused out of the measurements, dramatically improving the resolution of proton radiography of thick systems. Imaging systems were quickly developed and combined with the temporal structure of a proton beam generated by a linear accelerator, providing a unique flash radiography capability for measurements at Los Alamos National Laboratory. This technique has now been employed at LANSCE for two decades and has been adopted around the world as the premier flash radiography technique for the study of dynamic material properties.

High-Energy Small- and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering: A Versatile Tool for Materials Analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Almer
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Ray Scattering

Acquisition of microstructural information during realistic service conditions is an ongoing need for fundamental materials insight and computational input. In addition, for engineering applications it is often important to be able to study materials over a wide range of penetration depths, from the surface to bulk. In this presentation we discuss developments at the Sector 1-ID beamline of the Advanced Photon Source (APS) to utilize high-energy x-ray scattering for such studies. The use of high-energies (~80 keV) provides a highly penetrating probe, with sampling depths up to several mm in most materials. Through the development and use of high-energy optics, we can perform both small- and wide-angle scattering (SAXS/WAXS), to probe a large range of sample dimensions in reciprocal space (ranging from Angstroms to hundreds of nanometers), with real space resolutions ranging from microns to mm.

scholarly journals Approach of Serial Crystallography

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Ki Hyun Nam
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Limitation ◽  
Serial Crystallography ◽  
Collection Strategies

Radiation damage and cryogenic sample environment are an experimental limitation observed in the traditional X-ray crystallography technique. However, the serial crystallography (SX) technique not only helps to determine structures at room temperature with minimal radiation damage, but it is also a useful tool for profound understanding of macromolecules. Moreover, it is a new tool for time-resolved studies. Over the past 10 years, various sample delivery techniques and data collection strategies have been developed in the SX field. It also has a wide range of applications in instruments ranging from the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facility to synchrotrons. The importance of the various approaches in terms of the experimental techniques and a brief review of the research carried out in the field of SX has been highlighted in this editorial.

scholarly journals Ionizing Radiation for Preparation and Functionalization of Membranes and Their Biomedical and Environmental Applications

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casimiro ◽  
Ferreira ◽  
Leal ◽  
Pereira ◽  
Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environmental Applications ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
High Energy Radiation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Wide Range

The use of ionizing radiation processing technologies has proven to be one of the most versatile ways to prepare a wide range of membranes with specific tailored functionalities, thus enabling them to be used in a variety of industrial, environmental, and biological applications. The general principle of this clean and environmental friendly technique is the use of various types of commercially available high-energy radiation sources, like 60Co, X-ray, and electron beam to initiate energy-controlled processes of free-radical polymerization or copolymerization, leading to the production of functionalized, flexible, structured membranes or to the incorporation of functional groups within a matrix composed by a low-cost polymer film. The present manuscript describes the state of the art of using ionizing radiation for the preparation and functionalization of polymer-based membranes for biomedical and environmental applications.

scholarly journals Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509

2019 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
pp. A82 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Kriss ◽  
N. Arav ◽  
D. Edmonds ◽  
J. Ely ◽  
J. S. Kaastra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Host Galaxy ◽  
Active Nucleus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Grating ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Mass Outflow ◽  
Far Ultraviolet ◽  
The Impact

Aims. To elucidate the location, physical conditions, mass outflow rate, and kinetic luminosity of the outflow from the active nucleus of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509, we used coordinated UV and X-ray spectral observations in 2012 to follow up our lengthier campaign conducted in 2009. Methods. We observed Mrk 509 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on 2012-09-03 and 2012-10-11 coordinated with X-ray observations using the High Energy Transmission Grating on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Our far-ultraviolet spectra used grating G140L on COS to cover wavelengths from 920–2000 Å at a resolving power of ∼2000, and gratings G130M and G160M to cover 1160–1750 Å at a resolving power of ∼15, 000. Results. We detect variability in the blueshifted UV absorption lines on timescales spanning 3–12 years. The inferred densities in the absorbing gas are greater than log n cm−3 ∼ 3. For ionization parameters ranging over log U = −1.5 to −0.2, we constrain the distances of the absorbers to be closer than 220 pc to the active nucleus. Conclusions. The impact on the host galaxy appears to be confined to the nuclear region.

scholarly journals AWE experimental laser plasma program

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DUNNE ◽  
J. EDWARDS ◽  
P. GRAHAM ◽  
A. EVANS ◽  
S. ROTHMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Inertial Confinement Fusion ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Strong Shock ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Radiation Hydrodynamics ◽  
Inertial Confinement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range

The achievement of ignition from an Inertial Confinement Fusion capsule will require a detailed understanding of a wide range of high energy density phenomena. This paper presents some recent work aimed at improving our knowledge of the strength and equation of state characteristics of low-Z materials, and outlines data which will provide quantitative benchmarks against which our predictive radiation hydrodynamics capabilities can be tested. Improvements to our understanding in these areas are required if reproducible and predictable fusion energy production is to be achieved on the next generation of laser facilities.In particular, the HELEN laser at AWE has been used to create a thermal X-ray source with 140 eV peak radiation temperature and 3% instantaneous flux uniformity to allow measurements of the Equation of State of materials at pressures up to 20 Mbar to an accuracy of <±2% in shock velocity. The same laser has been used to investigate the onset of spallation upon the release of a strong shock at a metal-vacuum boundary, with dynamic radiography used to image the spalled material in flight for the first time. Finally, a range of experiments have been performed to generate quantitative radiation hydrodynamics data on the evolution of gross target defects, driven in both planar and imploding geometry. X-ray radiography was used to record the evolving target deformation in a system where the X-ray drive and unperturbed target response were sufficiently characterized to permit meaningful analysis. The results have been compared to preshot predictions made using a wide variety of fluid codes, highlighting substantial differences between the various approaches, and indicating significant discrepancies with the experimental reality. The techniques developed to allow quantitative comparisons are allowing the causes of the discrepancies to be identified, and are guiding the development of new simulation techniques.

Silicon Carbide for Alpha, Beta, Ion and Soft X-Ray High Performance Detectors

2005 ◽  
Vol 483-485 ◽  
pp. 1015-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bertuccio ◽  
Simona Binetti ◽  
S. Caccia ◽  
R. Casiraghi ◽  
Antonio Castaldini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Beta Particle ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Charge Collection Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Full Charge

High performance SiC detectors for ionising radiation have been designed, manufactured and tested. Schottky junctions on low-doped epitaxial 4H-SiC with leakage current densities of few pA/cm2 at room temperature has been realised at this purpose. The epitaxial layer has been characterised at different dose of radiations in order to investigate the SiC radiation hardness. The response of the detectors to alpha and beta particle and to soft X-ray have been measured. High energy resolution and full charge collection efficiency have been successfully demonstrated.

Single Crystal CVD Diamond Detectors: Position and Temporal Response Measurements using a Synchrotron Microbeam Probe

2007 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morse ◽  
Murielle Salomé ◽  
Eleni Berdermann ◽  
Michal Pomorski ◽  
James Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Charge Collection ◽  
Heavy Ion Physics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Single Crystal Diamond ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractUltrapure, homoeptaxially grown CVD single crystal diamond is a material with great potential for the fabrication of ionizing radiation detectors for high energy, heavy ion physics, and realtime dosimetry for radiotherapy. Only diamond has suitable transmission properties and can offer the required radiation hardness for synchrotron X-ray beam monitoring applications. We report on experiments made using a synchrotron X-ray microbeam probe to investigate the performance of single crystal diamonds operated as position sensitive, solid state ‘ionization chambers’. We show that for a wide range of electric fields >0.3Vµm−1, suitably prepared devices give excellent spatial response uniformity and time stability. With an applied field of 2Vµm−1 complete charge collection times are ∼1nsec for a diamond plate thickness of 100µm. Position sensitivity was obtained for an X-ray beam incident on the isolation gap between adjacent electrodes of a quadrant device: here, a crossover response region that results from charge carrier diffusion extends over ∼20µm. Using GHz bandwidth signal processing electronics, the signal charge collection process was measured with spatial and temporal resolutions of 1µm and <50ps.

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