Modeling of growth and development of spruce stands in the West Siberian South taiga plain forest region

Abstract Good estimates of juvenile heights are important for silviculture and timber supply decision-making. These height estimates are particularly important for estimating the number of years it takes a stand to reach green-up and breast height. Thirty-nine 0.04 ha plots were established in managed juvenile stands of interior spruce in the Prince Rupert Forest Region. Four sample trees in each plot were split longitudinally and height-age data were obtained from the exposed pith nodes or branch whorls. The height-age data were fit to a combined exponential and power function to create a juvenile height model for interior spruce. This model is a function of age and site index. Years to breast height and green-up age models were developed with data generated from the juvenile height model. Forecasts from these models indicate that the time to reach breast height and green-up age is less than previously expected. The juvenile height model, years to breast height model, and green-up age model should be used for site indices above 14.2 m. In addition, the height model should only be used up to total age 20. West. J. Appl. For. 15(3):117-121.

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Tarifs de cubage paramétrés: application à l'épinette noire de Lebel-sur-Quévillon

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x90-194 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1471-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chhun-Huor Ung

Keyword(s):

Black Spruce ◽

Standing Stock ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Volume Estimation ◽

Allometric Model ◽

Stem Analysis ◽

Forest Region ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

The Mean ◽

The Cost

The mean ratio of height to diameter at breast height of dominant trees in a stand resulted in more accurate one-entry volume tables than general two-entry volume tables. These parametrical one-entry volume tables were established with the allometric model and Hummel's line. The values of their coefficients were estimated from stem analysis data of felled trees in black spruce stands at Lebel-sur-Quévillon. In the search for simple and effective methods to increase the reliability of standing stock estimation for managing a relatively homogeneous forest region, parametrical one-entry volume tables reduce the cost of estimating standing volume and increase the accuracy of volume estimation compared with general two-entry volume tables.

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INDICATOR AGE DYNAMICS OF ARTIFICIAL SPRUCE FORESTS OF THE MIDDLE URAL TAIGA FOREST REGION

Леса России и хозяйство в них ◽

10.51318/fret.2021.74.3.009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 74-84

Author(s):

А.С. ПОПОВ ◽

Л.А. БЕЛОВ ◽

К.А. БАШЕГУРОВ ◽

К.В. МЕЛЬНИКОВА ◽

С.М. ЖИЖИН

Keyword(s):

Average Diameter ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Spruce Forests ◽

Age Class ◽

Forest Region ◽

Taiga Forest ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Important Direction ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

На основе анализа электронных баз данных лесоустроительных материалов проанализированы основ- ные показатели хвойных насаждений «ключевого» (наиболее типичного) для Средне-Уральского таеж- ного лесного района Красновишерского лесничества. Установлено, что ельники представлены преиму- щественно насаждениями 7 класса возраста (48,38 %) при доле молодняков первого класса возраста 5,57 %. Указанное свидетельствует о накоплении перестойных еловых насаждений с пониженной устой- чивостью против неблагоприятных природных и антропогенных факторов. О значительном потенциале еловых лесов свидетельствует тот факт, что 53,49 % еловых насаждений относятся ко II и 33,83 % к III классам бонитета. При этом 66,23 % еловых насаждений лесничества произрастает на наиболее плодородных почвах – тип лесорастительных условий С3. В то же время среди ельников доля низкополнотных насаждений (0,3˗0,5) составляет 46,47 %. Послед- нее позволяет считать повышение относительной полноты древостоев одним из важных направлений повышения продуктивности еловых лесов. Искусственные еловые насаждения 60-летнего возраста в условиях ельника зеленомошно-ягоднико- вого позволяют получить 260 м3/га при среднем диаметре на высоте 1,3 м 13,5 см. В 33-летнем ельнике кисличном запас древостоя составляет 230 м3/га при среднем диаметре 15,1 см. Установленный для эксплуатационных еловых лесов возраст рубки в насаждениях III и выше классов бонитета 81–100 лет нельзя считать оправданным для искусственных еловых насаждений. Снижение возраста рубки до 61–80 лет позволит не только повысить продуктивности лесов, но и обеспечит еловы- ми балансами АО «Соликамскбумпром». Based on the analysis of forest management materials electronic database, the main indicators of Kracnovishersky forestry coniferous stands, the most typical for the middle Ural forest region, has been analyzed. It was found that spruce forests are represented mainly by plantations of the seventh age class (48,38 %), the share of young stands of the ﬁ rst age class being 5,57 %. This indicates the accumulation of overmature spruce stands with reduced resistance against unfavorable natural and anthropogenic factors. The signiﬁ cant potential of spruce forests is evidenced by the fact that 53,49 % of spruce stands belong to the second and 33,83 % to the third bonitet class. At the same time 66,23 % spruce stands of the forestry groups on the most fertile soils – type of the forest growing conditions C3. At the same time, among spruce forests the share of low density stands (0.3–0.5) is 46,47 %. The latter allows to consider an increase in the relative completeness of the stand as one of the important direction for increasing the productivity of spruce forests. Artiﬁ cial spruce stands of 60 years of age in the conditions of greenish moss berry stande allows to obtain 260 m3/ha with an average diameter 15,1 sm. The age of felling established for commercial spruce forests in plantations of III and higher bonitet classes of 81–100 years cannot be considered justiﬁe d for artiﬁc ial spruce plantations. Reducing the cutting age to 61–80 years will not only increase the productivity of forests, but also provide spruce balances for AO Solikamskbumprom.

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PROSES TUMBUH KEMBANG PERMUKIMAN PERDESAAN MUARA SUNGAI DI PESISIR BARAT ACEH DAN ADAPTASI BERKELANJUTANNYA Kasus: Gampong Geulanggang Batee, Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya

Jurnal Arsitektur ZONASI ◽

10.17509/jaz.v3i3.27873 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 195-208

Author(s):

Elysa Wulandari Wulandari ◽

Burhan Nasution ◽

Masdar Djamaludin ◽

Farisa Sabila

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Development Process ◽

Rural Settlement ◽

Research Approach ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

The West ◽

Modern Life ◽

Physical Data

Abstract: Related research on the growth and development process of rural settlement areas, with a case study in the Geulanggang Batee village area, which is located at the mouth of a river on the west coast of Aceh, is vulnerable to natural hazards. The development of the parts of the area is not the same which can be traced from the time of the Aceh kingdom to the 21st century. The aim of this research is to find out the causes of differences in the development of the region and the patterns of sustainable adaptation in the community. This study is important to carry out to determine the potential sustainability of a rural settlement that is prone to disasters. Qualitative research approach interpretative phenomenology in case studies. Physical data is obtained from satellite imagery looking at the potential location and changes in land use in the area. Non-physical data is obtained by interviewing community leaders about the dynamics of changes that have occurred. The data is analyzed with a dynamic system, looking at the cause and effect of changes. The results of the research are related to two things: a) the part of the area whose development has retreated due to the threat of natural disasters, adapting patterns by moving away from disasters, so that settlements become empty, improving disaster-prone areas by engineering land techniques and modifying livelihoods to survive: b) parts of the area whose development is progressing as a new place for people to live from the coast, modernizing agriculture, seems to have implemented the smart village concept, has high accessibility to the main roads of the area. The conclusion of this research is that the development of a rural area can synergize with geographical conditions, respond to the demands of modern life by transforming knowledge values that are in line with local values. Keywords: Growth and Development, Sustainable Adaptation, Rural Settlements, River Estuaries, Aceh West Coast Abstrak: Penelitian terkait tentang proses tumbuh kembang kawasan permukiman perdesaan, dengan studi kasus pada kawasan gampong Geulanggang Batee, yang berlokasi di muara sungai pesisir Barat Aceh serta rentan terhadap bahaya alam. Perkembangan bagian kawasan permukiman tersebut tidak sama yang dapat ditelusuri sejak masa kerajaan Aceh hingga abad 21. Tujuan kajian untuk menjelaskan sebab perbedaan perkembangan kawasannya dan pola adaptasi berkelanjutan dalam masyarakatnya. Kajian ini penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi keberlanjutan suatu permukiman perdesaan yang rentan bencana. Pendekatan penelitian secara kualitatif fenomenologi interpretative pada studi kasus. Data fisik di peroleh dari citra satelit melihat potensi lokasi dan perubahan penggunaan lahan kawasan. Data non fisik diperoleh dengan wawancara tokoh masyarakat tentang dinamika perubahan yang terjadi. Data di analisa dengan sistem dinamis, melihat sebab akibat perubahan. Hasil penelitian terkait dua hal: a) bagian kawasan yang mundur perkembangannya karena ancaman bencana alam, melakukan pola adaptasi dengan menjauh bencana, perbaikan kawasan rawan bencana dengan rekayasa teknik lahan dan modifikasi sumber kehidupan untuk dapat bertahan: b) bagian kawasan yang maju perkembangannya sebagai tempat bermukim baru masyarakat tersebut, melakukan modernisasi pertanian, tampak telah menerapkan konsep smart village, memiliki aksesibilitas tinggi ke jalan utama kawasan. Kesimpulan penelitian bahwa perkembangan suatu kawasan perdesaan dapat bersinergis dengan kondisi geografis, menjawab tuntutan kehidupan modern dengan mentransformasi nilai-nilai pengetahuan yang sejalan dengan nilai setempat. Kata Kunci: tumbuh Kembang, Adaptasi Berkelanjutan, Permukiman Perdesaan Muara Sungai, Pesisir Barat Aceh

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Spathodea campanulata (African tulip tree).

10.1079/fc.51139.20210115179 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽

Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽

Nick Pasiecznik

Keyword(s):

West Coast ◽

Rain Forest ◽

Tropical Rain Forest ◽

Medium Size ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

The West ◽

Forest Zone ◽

Southern Sudan ◽

Forest Region ◽

Tulip Tree

Abstract S. campanulata is a medium-size tree up to 35 m tall and 175 cm in diameter. It is indigenous to Africa where it extends along the west coast from Ghana to Angola and inland across the tropical rain forest region to southern Sudan and Uganda. It grows naturally in secondary forests in the high forest zone and in deciduous transition and savanna forests. In Uganda, it is one of the trees that colonizes grasslands. It grows well in areas with an even distribution of rainfall but will tolerate a dry season of up to six months. It grows on a wide variety of sites, from poorly to excessively drained, but prefers fertile, deep and well-drained loams.

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Soil oxygen within boreal forests across an age gradient

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s05-004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

N. Fenton ◽

S. Légaré ◽

Y. Bergeron ◽

D. Paré

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Methodological Issue ◽

Mineral Soil ◽

Forest Region ◽

Feather Mosses ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Potential Factors

Globally, soil anoxia and water table rise play a role in the development of peatlands from forests. Cited causes have included a diversity of internal and external mechanisms, including Sphagnum and feather mosses, hardpan development, and peatland expansion. The objectives of this study were to examine water table depth in black spruce stands of the Clay Belt of Quebec and Ontario, and to associate changes with potential stand scale causal factors (primarily biological). A methodological issue, the link between oxygen zone and water table, was also addressed. Within stands less than 100 yr post-fire, oxygen zone and water table position were only loosely related, and no other potential factors were significantly correlated. Across a chronosequence of stands, while oxygen zone thickness in the soil profile was relatively constant, its position relative to the mineral soil changed, as it rose from the mineral soil into the forest floor. Forest floor thickness was the dominant explanatory factor in oxygen zone position, suggesting that in these forests other postulated mechanisms are less important. At the landscape level, the movement of the oxygen zone into the forest floor has important consequences for the long-term productivity of this intensively exploited forest region. Key words: Water table, black spruce, paludification, forest floor, Clay Belt, Sphagnum

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PERKEMBANGAN AWAL ISLAM DI NUSANTARA DAN WACANA SUFISTIK TASAWUF FALSAFI PADA ABAD 17

ISLAM TRANSFORMATIF Journal of Islamic Studies ◽

10.30983/it.v3i1.857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Arki Auliahadi ◽

Ariska Oktavia

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Time Of Arrival ◽

Social Culture ◽

The West ◽

Philosophical Approach ◽

Cultural Roots ◽

Place Of Origin ◽

Trade Route

Since the beginning of the archipelago, the archipelago has functioned as a cross-trade route for the West Asian, East Asian and South Asian regions. The arrival of Islam in the archipelago is full of debates, there are three main issues that historians debate. First, the place of origin of Islam. Second, the carriers. Third, the time of arrival. However, Islam has entered, grown and developed in the archipelago quite rapidly. Considering the arrival of Islam to the archipelago which at that time already had Hindu-Buddhist culture. So this is very encouraging because Islam is able to develop in the midst of the lives of people who already have strong and longstanding cultural roots. The arrival of Islam to the archipelago experienced various ways and dynamics, including trade, marriage, social culture, and so on. This causes the growth and development of Islam in this region has its own style. In addition, Ulama who came to the Nusantara region approached their people with an approach that tended to be gentle. In this case it is done with a philosophical approach to Sufism. This teaching is easily accepted and experiences rapid development in the midst of the Nusantara community so that Islam is more easily accepted. This paper uses a historical approach that emphasizes the aspects of time and chronology by using a heuristic approach, source criticism, synthesis and historiography which are characteristic of the final results of writing history.

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globalization, terrorism, and the english language in nigeria

English Today ◽

10.1017/s0266078405004049 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 21-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

grace ebunlola adamo

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Growth And Development ◽

English Language ◽

National Language ◽

The West ◽

The World ◽

The Media ◽

Continued Use

this paper examines the concept of globalization in relation to terrorism, and argues that the ‘imposition’ of the english language on the world, africa, and in particular nigeria (through the media, information technology, and other means of propaganda, and under the guise of globalization) is a form of linguistic terrorism. it consequently views globalization as another name for imperialism and domination by the west, and argues that the continued use of english in all spheres of life will make the nigerian state stagnant, if not indeed retrogressive, rendering growth and development elusive. as a step in the direction of a cure, it therefore advocates renewed interest in the adoption of an indigenous national language for nigeria.

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Effect of stand segmentation on growth and development of Norway spruce stands

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/61/2008-jfs ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 323-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Horák ◽

J. Novák

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Control Plot ◽

Track Width ◽

Stand Volume ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Crown Length ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Forest Practice ◽

Positive Effect

Segmentation of stands by tracks is often the first phase of forest tending. However, a suitable track width is still discussed in forest practice in the Czech Republic. This article deals with the effect of track width on the growth characteristics of young spruce stands. Research involves several variants of European thinning experiment IUFRO CZ 14 Machov situated in Eastern Bohemia. Totally 3 variants were analyzed: 1 – non-segmented control plot without thinning and plots with forest tending (at top height 10 and 20 m) and with different present width of tracks (plot 3 – originally 3.5 m, plot 4 – originally 5.0 m). The significantly positive effect of stand segmentation and tracks on dbh and crown length was found only for individuals growing in the first row next to a track. As regards the stand volume and volume of mean stem, differences between variants with skidding track (3 and 4) were found minimal and insignificant. Therefore, the observation did not reveal any evident losses of production caused by different widths of skidding tracks.

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