The influence of protein levels on body weight, body dimensions, and reproductive characteristics of local chickens treated in-ovo feeding L-Arginine for two generations

This study investigated the effects of in ovo ornithine-á-ketoglutarate feeding on body weight and pectoral muscle development of chicks. On day 18 of incubation, 198 hatching eggs were randomly divided into three treatment groups each with three replicates of 22 eggs each. The treatment groups consisted of a non-injected control group and two treatments with 1 ml of saline each, containing either 0.2% (treatment group I) or 0.4% ornithine-á-ketoglutarate (treatment group II). The chicks were fed after hatching for seven days. Hatchability was reduced due to in ovo feeding of 0.4% ornithine-á-ketoglutarate. However, in ovo feeding of different levels of ornithine-á-ketoglutarate increased the daily gain, the body weight, the diameter and cross-sectional area of the pectoral muscle fibers, the cross-sectional area of the pectoral muscle fiber bundles, the proportion of proliferating cells in the pectoral muscle. It is concluded that, in ovo ornithine-á-ketoglutarate feeding can promote early growth and development of pectoral muscles in chicks.

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THE BOBY DIMENSIONS OF LOCAL CHICKENS AT THE PULLET PHASE AFTER L-THREONINE AND L-TRYPTOPHAN SUPPLEMENT IN FED

Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology ◽

10.32938/jtast.v2i1.581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22

Author(s):

Charles Venirius Lisnahan ◽

Oktovianus Rafael Nahak ◽

Aurelia Abi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wing Length ◽

The Body ◽

Body Dimensions ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Agricultural Faculty ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Sternum Length ◽

Local Chickens

ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to know the body dimensions of Kampong chickens at the pullet phase after l-threonine and l-tryptophan supplement in the feed. This experiment was conducted in Kelurahan Sasi and the Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty, University of Timor, Kefamenanu from July 2019 to September 2019. The experiment used 96 fourteen-week kampong chickens, was designed with a Completely Randomized Design, consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The dietary treatments were T0 (control feed), T1 (supplementation of 0.15% l-threonine and 0.06% l-tryptophan), T2 (supplementation of 0.37% l-threonine and 0.11% l-tryptophan), and T3 (supplementation of 0.50% l-threonine and 0.15% l-tryptophan). The variables measured were body weight, chest circle, sternum length, wing length, back length, femur, tibia, and shank circle. Data obtained was analyzed by analysis of variance and Duncan’s test. The result showed that the bodyweight of T0, T1, T2, and T3 were 1542.83±10.54, 1600.03±1.82, 1638.49±14.97, and 1716.85±23.84 g/bird, respectively. The chest circle, wing length, back length, sternum length, femur, tibia, circle and length of shank were 26.20±1.87, 26.38±0.47, 28.63±2.21, and 29.83±1.83 cm/bird; 17.78±1.00, 17.98±0.36, 18.75±0.95, and 19.85±1.63 cm/bird; 15.75±0.64, 16.50±1.08, 18.50±0.57, and 18.38±0.85 cm/bird; 12.93±1.77, 13.75±1.19, 13.88±0.85, and 14.73±0.48 cm/bird; 10.50±0.70, 10.93±1.20, 10.95±0.10, and 11.73±0.73 g/bird; 10.70±0.50, 11.10±0.89, 12.23±0.58, and 12.15±0.57 cm/bird; 4.23±0.05, 4.20±0.21, 4.23±0.22, and 4.40±0.20 cm/bird; and 8.90±0.11; 8.88±0.47; 9.13±0.62, and 10.38±0.62 cm/bird, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that levels of l-threonine and l-tryptophan significantly affected body weight, chest circle, sternum length, wing length, and back length (P<0,05). It was concluded that supplementation with 0.50% l-threonine and 0.15% l-tryptophan to the diet increases the body dimensions kampong chickens at the pullet phase.

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In ovo Feeding – Technology of the Future – A Review

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2017-0004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 979-992 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joanna Kucharska-Gaca ◽

Emilia Kowalska ◽

Michalina Dębowska

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Genetic Selection ◽

Grape Seed ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

In Ovo ◽

In Ovo Feeding

AbstractOver the years, due to genetic selection, improvement of the characteristics of laying and meat poultry with less feed consumption per kilogram of body weight gain has been achieved (FCR). As the productivity of poultry increased, the demand of embryos for nutrients changed. However, the chemical composition of an egg has remained practically unchanged, and therefore, it began providing the embryos with suitable substances with the help of in ovo technology. Improvements in hatching were achieved through the administration of fructose, sucrose and grape seed extract (GSE), while the weight of a one-day-old chick is affected by the injection of amino acids with glucose and magnesium. In addition, amino acids and carbohydrates applied to an egg have contributed to an increase in the activity of digestive enzymes and maturation of the intestine. In connection with early stimulation of the intestinal tract of broiler chicks, they obtained higher weight gain. Supplementation with vitamins positively affects the increase of birds’ immunity and body weight at the end of breeding. On the other hand, the injection of an insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) influenced the growth and development of muscle tissue during the first weeks of life.

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Evaluation of live-body weight and the number of eggs produced for introduced and local chickens in Ethiopia

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section A – Animal Science ◽

10.1080/09064702.2021.1891278 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Setegn W. Alemu ◽

Olivier Hanotte ◽

Fasil G. Kebede ◽

Wondmeneh Esatu ◽

Solomon Abegaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Live Body Weight ◽

Local Chickens

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Effect of in ovo copper injection on body weight, immune response, blood biochemistry and carcass traits of broiler chicks at 35 days of age

Animal Biotechnology ◽

10.1080/10495398.2021.1874964 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hanan A. Hassan ◽

A. R. Arafat ◽

K. Y. Farroh ◽

M. S. Bahnas ◽

I. El-wardany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Body Weight ◽

Carcass Traits ◽

Blood Biochemistry ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

In Ovo

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Effect of milk replacer allowance on calf faecal bacterial community profiles and fermentation

Animal Microbiome ◽

10.1186/s42523-021-00088-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sandeep Kumar ◽

M. Ajmal Khan ◽

Emma Beijer ◽

Jinxin Liu ◽

Katherine K. Lowe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Serum Protein ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Milk Replacer ◽

Protein Levels

Abstract Background The nutrition of calves from birth until weaning is predominantly from liquid (milk or milk-based) feeds. Liquid feed allowances are often restricted during artificial rearing to accelerate the development of the rumen by promoting solid feed intake. Liquid feeds bypass the rumen and are digested in the lower digestive tract, however, the influence of different types of milk feeds, and their allowances, on the calf hindgut microbiota is not well understood. In this study, faecal samples from 199 calves raised on three different allowances of milk replacer: 10% of initial bodyweight (LA), 20% of initial bodyweight (HA), and ad libitum (ADLIB), were collected just prior to weaning. Bacterial community structures and fermentation products were analysed, and their relationships with calf growth and health parameters were examined to identify potential interactions between diet, gut microbiota and calf performance. Results Differences in the total concentrations of short-chain fatty acids were not observed, but higher milk replacer allowances increased the concentrations of branched short-chain fatty acids and decreased acetate to propionate ratios. The bacterial communities were dominated by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides, and the bacterial diversity of the ADLIB diet group was greater than that of the other diet groups. Faecalibacterium was over three times more abundant in the ADLIB compared to the LA group, and its abundance correlated strongly with girth and body weight gains. Milk replacer intake correlated strongly with Peptococcus and Blautia, which also correlated with body weight gain. Bifidobacterium averaged less than 1% abundance, however its levels, and those of Clostridium sensu stricto 1, correlated strongly with initial serum protein levels, which are an indicator of colostrum intake and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in early life. Conclusions Higher milk replacer intakes in calves increased hindgut bacterial diversity and resulted in bacterial communities and short chain fatty acid profiles associated with greater protein fermentation. Increased abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, were also observed, which may contribute to development and growth. Moreover, correlations between microbial taxa and initial serum protein levels suggest that colostrum intake in the first days of life may influence microbiota composition at pre-weaning.

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Maternal high-fat diet induces metabolic stress response disorders in offspring hypothalamus

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/jme-17-0056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 81-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Long The Nguyen ◽

Sonia Saad ◽

Yi Tan ◽

Carol Pollock ◽

Hui Chen

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Body Weight ◽

Er Stress ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Mrna Level ◽

Metabolic Stress ◽

High Fat ◽

Chemical Chaperone ◽

Protein Levels

Maternal obesity has been shown to increase the risk of obesity and related disorders in the offspring, which has been partially attributed to changes of appetite regulators in the offspring hypothalamus. On the other hand, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy have been implicated in hypothalamic neuropeptide dysregulation, thus may also play important roles in such transgenerational effect. In this study, we show that offspring born to high-fat diet-fed dams showed significantly increased body weight and glucose intolerance, adiposity and plasma triglyceride level at weaning. Hypothalamic mRNA level of the orexigenic neuropeptide Y (NPY) was increased, while the levels of the anorexigenic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), NPY1 receptor (NPY1R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) were significantly downregulated. In association, the expression of unfolded protein response (UPR) markers including glucose-regulated protein (GRP)94 and endoplasmic reticulum DNA J domain-containing protein (Erdj)4 was reduced. By contrast, protein levels of autophagy-related genes Atg5 and Atg7, as well as mitophagy marker Parkin, were slightly increased. The administration of 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA), a chemical chaperone of protein folding and UPR activator, in the offspring from postnatal day 4 significantly reduced their body weight, fat deposition, which were in association with increased activating transcription factor (ATF)4, immunoglobulin-binding protein (BiP) and Erdj4 mRNA as well as reduced Parkin, PTEN-induced putative kinase (PINK)1 and dynamin-related protein (Drp)1 protein expression levels. These results suggest that hypothalamic ER stress and mitophagy are among the regulatory factors of offspring metabolic changes due to maternal obesity.

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GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND REPRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CANADIAN BREED OF CATTLE AND ITS FIRST CROSS AND BACKCROSS WITH THE BROWN SWISS. I. BODY WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-105 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 853-860

Author(s):

DOMINIQUE D. RONY ◽

MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽

WILFRIED B. HOLTMANN

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Length ◽

Season Of Birth ◽

Body Dimensions ◽

Brown Swiss ◽

Body Weights ◽

Growth Production

Body weight and seven body dimensions measuring the length, height, width and depth were taken at birth and every 180 days up to 720 days of age on 49 pure Canadian, 49 first cross of 1/2 Brown Swiss 1/2 Canadian, and 30 backcross of 1/4 Brown Swiss 3/4 Canadian heifers. The animals were raised up to 180 days of age at the Deschambault Station, then half the pure Canadian and the first cross were transferred to the La Pocatière Station. At birth, the pure Canadian calves weighed 29.2 kg and were lighter than the first and backcrosses by 6.9 kg (24%) and 4.8 kg (16%), respectively. The two crosses exceeded the pure Canadian in all the dimensions, the differences being significant in height at shoulder and width at rumps. At 360 days of age the two crosses were about 6% heavier and 4% higher at shoulder than the pure Canadian. With the exception of body length after 1 yr of age in which the backcross was slightly inferior to the pure Canadian, the two crosses were generally larger than the pure Canadian, with the backcross being intermediate between the first cross and the pure Canadian. The effects of season of birth and age of dam were found to be non-significant on most of the traits studied in this experiment.

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