scholarly journals Effect of granular fertilizer of disinfected chicken dung application on crop productivity and soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
L V Stepantsova ◽  
I N Matsnev ◽  
E V Palchikov ◽  
S A Volkov ◽  
E V Moskaleva
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Chernozem Soils

Abstract On dark gray forest and leached chernozem soils of the Tambov region, the effectiveness of using new granular organic fertilizer from poultry excreta was evaluated. After disinfection of the litter by deep drying, the total content of NPK in the fertilizer constitutes 11-12%, the content of trace elements is about 1g/kg. Field experiments conducted in 2019 showed that the yield increase from the introduction of the studied organic fertilizer at a dose of 4-8 t/ha on spring wheat was 25-30%, on spring barley - 20-23%, on sugar beets from the introduction of 8 t/ha - 10-12%, on potatoes - 40-50%, on tomatoes from 6 t/ha - 30-32% Profitability from the use of this fertilizer on cereals is 130-145%, on technical crops - 140-150%, on vegetables - 230-250%. Optimal fertilizer doses contribute to increasing protein in wheat grains by 1.5%, sugar content in sugar beets by 8-9%, starch content in potatoes by 3-4%, and sugar, dry substances and vitamin C content in tomatoes by 1-2%. The introduction of fertilizer in doses higher than optimal contributes to the increase of basic nutrients and micronutrients content in the soil.

scholarly journals Productive and Environmental Consequences of Sixteen Years of Unbalanced Fertilization with Nitrogen and Phosphorus—Trials in Poland with Oilseed Rape, Wheat, Maize and Barley

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rutkowska ◽  
Piotr Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
The Baltic

Two factorial field experiments were carried out between 2003 and 2018 in the Experimental Stations in Eastern and Western Poland using four crop rotations with winter oilseed rape, winter wheat, maize and spring barley. The initial value of phosphorus (P) in Grabów soil was 69.8 mg P·kg−1 soil and in Baborówko soil it was 111.3 mg P·kg−1 soil (Egner-Riehm Double-Lactate DL). P fertilizer was added annually at 39 kg P·ha−1 under winter oilseed rape, 35 kg P·ha−1 under maize and 31 kg P·ha−1 under wheat and barley using superphosphate and nitrogen (N), which was added at five levels (30–250 kg N·ha−1) per year as ammonium nitrate in addition to controls with no added fertilizer. Through the several years of the experiment, P fertilizer had no effect on crop N use efficiency (NUE) nor crop productivity. There was significant soil P mining particularly in the high-N fertilizer trials causing a reduction in the content of available soil P by up to 35%. This work recommends that, based on soil P analysis, P fertilizer should not be added to high-P soils. This practice may continue uninterrupted for several years (16 in this case) until the excess soil P has been reduced. This mechanism of removal of “legacy” P from soil has major implications in reducing runoff P into the Baltic Sea drainage area and other water bodies.

The impact of growth regulators on spring barley growth and productivity under various weather conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
П.Д. Бугаев ◽  
Д.А. Карпович
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Исследования проводили в 2019 и 2020 годах на Полевой опытной станции РГАУ–МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева. Целью исследований было изучение влияния регуляторов роста ретардантного типа различного химического состава, а также биоудобрений на продукционный процесс и урожайность ярового ячменя в условиях Центрального Нечерноземья. Результаты проведённых исследований показали, что яровой ячмень в разных метеорологических условиях вегетационного периода по-разному реагировал на совместную обработку биоудобрениями и регуляторами роста. В условиях недостатка влаги обработка растений регуляторами роста не оказывала влияния на высоту растений и снижала урожайность культуры по сравнению с необработанными растениями. Применение ретарданта «ХЭФК, ВР» на посевах ячменя вызывало максимальное снижение урожайности (от 0,82 до 1,52 т/га) независимо от вида применяемого биоудобрения. Существенное влияние на величину урожая в засушливых условиях оказывал препарат «Харди, Р». Причём использование его в чистом виде снижало урожайность ячменя на 0,9 т/га, тогда как при совместном применении препарата «Харди, Р» с биоудобрениями урожайность ячменя практически не изменялась. При благоприятных погодных условиях применение изучаемых морфорегуляторов совместно с биоудобрениями позволило получить существенную прибавку урожая. Использование на посевах ячменя ретарданта «РЭГГИ, ВРК» с удобрением «Биогор» позволило дополнительно получить 1,37 т/га. Обработка растений органоминеральным удобрением «Экофус» совместно с ретардантами «Харди, Р» и «РЭГГИ, ВК» повысила урожайность на 1,19 и 0,89 т/га соответственно. Повышение урожая ячменя при совместном применении ретардантов и биоудобрений в благоприятных погодных условиях обусловлено увеличением продуктивной кустистости растений и продолжительности работы листового аппарата. The investigation took place at the Field Research Station of the Russian Timiryazev State Agrarian University in 2019–2020. The aim was to test the effect of growth retardants and bio fertilizers on spring barley performance in the Central Non-Chernozem region. The effectiveness of bio fertilizers and retardants was greatly affected by weather conditions. Under water deficit growth regulators showed no effect on plant height but decreased crop productivity. The retardant “KHEFK, VR” provided the lowest yield (from 0.82 to 1.52 t ha-1) regardless of fertilizer type. The preparation “Khardi, R” significantly affected barley yield under drought. Its application led to the yield decrease by 0.9 t ha-1, while in combination with biofertilizers it had practically no effect on barley productivity. Combination of retardants and bio fertilizers significantly improved barley yield under favorable conditions. The retardant “REGGI, VRK” combined with the fertilizer “Biogor” provided the yield increase of 1.37 t ha-1. Application of the fertilizer “Ekofus” together with the retardants “Khardi, R” and “REGGI, VRK” improved barley productivity by 1.19 and 0.89 t ha-1, respectively. Combined application of retardants and fertilizers resulted in more active tillering and longer photosynthetic activity of leaves leading to higher plant productivity under favorable conditions.

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. C. Essah ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spike Number

There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in all six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m–2 was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late, tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. Key words: Barley, phenotypes; mixture, same row; mixture, alternate-row; maturity; height

Influence of biochar application on nutritional quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Petruccelli ◽  
Alessandra Bonetti ◽  
Maria Laura Traversi ◽  
Cecilia Faraloni ◽  
Massimo Valagussa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biochar Amendment

The potential of biochar to improve crop productivity has received interest in recent years; however, little is known about the effects of biochar on crop nutritional quality. In this study, effects of three different biochars (wheat straw biochar, poplar biochar and olive residues biochar) were determined on the major fruit-size parameters, physico-chemical and nutritional properties of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cv. Rio Grande. Application of biochar alone was sufficient to sustain the fruit growth, but results were affected by feedstock source of biochar. There were no significant differences in size and weight parameters and the sugar content was not significantly modified by biochar amendment. On the other hand, secondary metabolites showed changes relating to biochar type. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as antioxidant activity, were higher in fruits grown in substrate amended with straw biochar and olive residues biochar. Lycopene, β carotene and lutein concentrations from tomato fruits grown on substrates amended with different biochars were significantly lower than from the control. The data require confirmation in field experiments; however, this study offers new knowledge about the biochar effects on horticultural crops.

scholarly journals THE ORIENTATION OF BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES IN SOIL UNDER THE ORGANIC PRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
A. M. Moskalenko ◽  
S. B. Dimova ◽  
M. A. Zhurba ◽  
K. I. Volkohon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Transformation ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
Fixation Activity ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

The paper covers the study of direct impact and after-effect of 40 t/ha of cattle manure on theorientation of nitrogen fixation and biological denitrification processes in the root zone of potatoes,spring barley, pea, and winter wheat plants in rotation in a stationary field experiments on leachedblack soil. Application of manure had significantly increased the nitrogen fixation activity, whilepromoting a high level of N2O emission. The use of microbial preparations for pre-seeding bacterization of seeds optimizes the course of biological nitrogen transformation process — through theenhancement of nitrogen fixation activity and reduction of gaseous nitrogen losses (with the exception of Biogran use on potatoes in the year of manure application). Introduction with manure of alarge number of microorganisms to the soil offsets the positive effect of biopreparations use. Yieldrecords and estimation of grain output per hectare within the crop rotation cycle indicates the practicability of combined application of manure and microbial preparations (excluding the year of direct effect of organic fertilizer) in organic agriculture.

scholarly journals Justification of the limit of expediency of using potash fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (99) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
G. M. Gospodarenko ◽  
◽  
A. T. Martynyuk ◽  
E. D. Cherno
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

The issues of the recoupment of potash fertilizers are considered, which is one of the most controversial in agronomy, since it is precisely this that determines the need for fertilizers and the economic efficiency of their use. It is shown that the payback of fertilizers is a complex value and not constant in different crops. The increase in yield from fertilizers in kind is taken on the basis of field experiments with fertilizers carried out on podzolized chernozem in the Uman NUS. The cost of the increase in yield from the use of potash fertilizers was determined by the average actual sales prices of products prevailing on the market through various sales channels in the 6th quarter of 2021. collecting a yield increase from potash fertilizers. The cost of potash fertilizer was taken at the current price of 16000 UAH/t with the addition of a margin for their delivery to the farm. The costs for the use of fertilizers on the farm and for collecting the increase in yield were set calculated according to the accepted standards. The difference between the value of the yield increase (YI) and additional costs (AC) gives the net income received from the use of fertilizers. The ratio of the cost of increasing the yield to additional costs shows their payback. On the basis of comparing the indicators YI and AC, the boundaries of the economic efficiency of the use of fertilizers were determined: YI>AC (general expression of the task). The minimum necessary increase in yield from fertilizers and the limits of the increase in prices for potash fertilizers were also calculated. It has been established that at a price for potassium chloride of 16000 UAH /t and the cost of its use in optimal doses for field crops against the background of a balanced nitrogen-phosphorus nutrition, the cost of an increase in yield is 1164–14820 UAH/ ha. Payback (unprofitableness) of 1 kg. potash fertilizers vary in a wide range – from – UAH 18.6 to 104,0, depending on the crop. The limit of the unprofitable price per unit of the active substance of potash fertilizers at the optimal dose of application depends on the crop and is in the range of 6.9–129,5 UAH/ha. With the current disparity in prices for crop products and potassium chloride, its use is unprofitable for winter rye, spring barley, grain sorghum and sugar beet (when applied against a background of 40 t/ha of manure). This is due to the availability of podzolized chernozem with mobile potassium compounds, biological characteristics of crops and technologies for their cultivation.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of fungicides with different modes of action against net blotch disease of two-rowed spring barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Loredana Alexandra SUCIU ◽  
Laura ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Florin RUSSU ◽  
Camelia GIURGIU ◽  
Adriana MOREA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Negative Effect

Net blotch disease caused by Pyrenophora teres is one of the most damaging fungal diseases of barley crop. This study screened comparatively the effectiveness of eleven fungicide products applied to malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichum Alef.) cultivar ‘Daciana’ in conditions from Transylvania. After fungicide treatment, the net blotch disease index decreased an average of 70.37-78.04% relative to untreated control. Fungicide application ensured an average of 28.66% grain yield increase, 7.51% thousand grains weight increase and 4.36% grain starch content increase relative to untreated control. Top performance was obtained by using products that contained demethylation inhibitors targeting sterol biosynthesis in combination with other active substances with a different mode of action particularly targeting mitochondrial respiration. It is a difficult task to achieve top performance on all dimensions: strict disease suppression, high quantity and quality grain yields. Preventing the occurrence of pathogen resistance to fungicide and minimizing negative effect on crop as well as remanence in the plant, are the main challenges for fungicide use and should receive further attention.

scholarly journals Possibility of joint application of herbicides with growth regulators in spring barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Reduced Height

In 2015–2016 field experiments were carried out to evaluate the possibility of the mixtures of herbicides Starane 250 EC (fluroxypyr) and Dragon 450 WG (florasulam + aminopyralide) with growth regulators Moddus 250 EC (trineksapac-ethyl) and Manipulator SL (chlormequat chloride) application in spring barley. Each of them was used in two terms: 1. in stage of tillering (BBCH 25–26), 2. in stage of 1-st node (BBCH 31) of spring barley. Weed control effect of the examined mixtures depended on weed infestation and term of spraying. Moderately sensitive to the tested herbicides weed species were controlled in low degree when spraying was performed at the growth stage BBCH 31. The investigated mixtures reduced height of spring barley plants markedly where the best results were noted for the mixture Dragon 450 WG + Manipulator SL applied in growth stage of tillering. The examined mixtures contributed to significant grain yield increase of spring barley. The lowest yield increase as compared to control was achieved where herbicide Starane 250 EC with growth regulators was applied in the BBCH 31 stage. It was due to poor weed control at these objects.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

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