scholarly journals Keeping ability of apple fruits of new cultivars under different storage technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012099
Author(s):  
V A Gudkovsky ◽  
L V Kozhina ◽  
Yu B Nazarov ◽  
A V Sutormina ◽  
D V Akishin
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Skin Injury ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Soft Scald ◽  
Apple Fruits

Abstract The fruits of new apple cultivars bred by the FSBSI “Federal Scientific Center named after IV Michurin”, adapted to the stressful weather conditions of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia, were used. During storage of control and 1-MCP-treated fruits of 5 studied apple cultivars in air (regular atmosphere: CO2 = 0.03%, O2 = 21%), modified atmosphere (O2 = 16-19%, CO2 = 1.5-5.0%) and controlled atmosphere with ultra-low oxygen content (O2 = 1.2-1.5%, CO2 = 1.2-1.5%), the following main diseases were identified: for cv. Uspenskoye – scald, bitter pit, breakdown; for cv. Fregat - bitter pit, breakdown, CO2-skin injury. Development of several diseases at the same time is also possible (CO2-skin injury + bitter pit, bitter pit + breakdown); for cv. Flagman - scald, bitter pit, breakdown, scald + bitter pit; for cv. Bylina - CO2-skin injury, bitter pit, breakdown, soft scald; for cv. Vympel - CO2-skin injury. Maximum storage efficiency was shown by fruits cv. Vympel stored under CA + 1-MCP technology. Data on the keeping ability of apple fruits of the studied cultivars allow developing high-precision varietal storage technologies.

scholarly journals Experimental approach in apple tree nutrition

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kállay ◽  
E. Szűcs
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Authors present synthesis of experimental work, performed in the last decades, for better understanding nutritional behaviour of apple trees and related problems in fruit quality. There were evidences supporting possible deteriorating role of potassium in feeble physiological status of apples, if applied in excess. More intensive studies proved that higher potassium uptake into leaves and fruits might be also the result of increased sink power of individual fruits. Nevertheless early senescence of apples during storage and also sensibility to bitter pit were successfully related to the increased sink power of fruits, casual relations in excessive NPK fertilization, although increase in sink power need further investigations. Impaired weather conditions during early development of fruits, hostile orchard practices in pruning, thinning, irrigation and also unskilled application of growth regulators may also contribute in the enhancement of sink power and in weakened physiological status of apple fruits.

DESTRUCTIVE HYDROTHERMAL FACTORS OF THE GROWING SEASON ONE MONTH BEFORE HARVEST, INCREASING THE LOSS OF APPLE FRUITS FROM "SUNBURN" DURING STORAGE

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
А. L. Nikitin ◽  
М. А. Makarkina
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Warm Night ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Apple Fruits

Weather conditions affect both the resistance of apple fruits to physiological disorders during their storage, and the decrease in resilience to them. The damage of the fruits of susceptible apple cultivars by "scald" (browning of the skin) at the end of storage is influenced by weather conditions 30 days before harvesting them. In hot weather During the hot day and warm night, the fruits are more affected by "tan". Losses increase if the sum of the average daily temperatures >+10° C for the month before harvesting exceeds the threshold of 360-380°C. The analysis of the damage to the fruits by “scald "of susceptible new scab-immune columnar apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding – Vostorg, Poesia and Priokskoye at the end of their storage in various years (2014, 2016, 2018) showed a close dependence of this disorder on the conditions of humidification of the active growing season a month before harvest, expressed using the indicator of the conditional moisture balance, i.e. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC). The damage to fruits by "sunburn" directly depends on the level of SHC. The dependence is approximated by the second-order parabola equation. The equations for calculating the quantitative losses of apple fruits from "scald" (at the end of storage) under hydrothermal conditions for a month before harvesting are obtained. The correlation relations between the empirically obtained and calculated data are from 0.99 to 1. The tops of the parabolas reflecting the maximum calculated damage of fruits by "scald" at the end of storage in relation to the coordinate axes have maximum peaks – from 11.17 (Priokskoye) to – 15.21-15.24% (for Vostorg and Poesia, respectively) with a SHC corresponding to dry conditions – 0.68; 0.69 and 0.70 (Priokskoye, Poesia and Vostorg, respectively). The higher the SHC, the lower the dependence curve and the damage to the fruits by "scald". The calculated data can be interpolated, and the SHC can be used as one of the predictor indicators that affect the quality of fruits during storage.

Assessment of reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes and especially their selection of seed in dry conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
А.В. Семенютина ◽  
С.Е. Лазарев ◽  
К.А. Мельник
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Gleditsia Triacanthos ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Forest Reclamation ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Selection Of

Представители родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) относятся к экономически важным и перспективным, для деградированных ландшафтов засушливого региона, видам растений. Несмотря на это до последнего времени отсутствуют сведения по многим видам этих родовых комплексов, связанные с вопросами экологических основ семеноведения и их репродуктивной способности в условиях светлокаштановых почв Волгоградской области. Все это направлено на выявление и расширение перспективных ареалов культивирования для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов. Цель исследований изучение репродуктивной способности представителей родовых комплексов Robinia (Робиния), Gleditsia (Гледичия) в коллекциях ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН и выявление особенностей их селекционного семеноведения для лесомелиорации и озеленения населенных пунктов в сухостепных условиях. Объектами исследований являлись виды и формы рода Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana х pseudoacacia, и Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), произрастающие в кластерных участках коллекций ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН, кадастр 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. Разработка основ селекционного семеноведения базируется на изучении репродуктивных особенностей выделенных для целевого использования собственных биоресурсов с учетом возможностей всестороннего изучения генеративных качеств и оценки биологического потенциала. Выявлено, что стабильность плодоношения фиксируется через несколько лет после вступления в генеративную фазу: у Robinia и Gleditsia 67 лет. Первое цветение у Gleditsia triacanthos и G. texana, G. aquatica наблюдалось в возрасте 5 лет, G. japonica 6, G. caspica и G. sinensis 8 лет. Завязываемость плодов зависит не только от возраста растения, но и от погодных условий во время цветения. На семенную продуктивность влияет количество выпавших осадков и сумма активных температур в период созревания плодов. Формирование более крупных плодов и семян наблюдается в возрасте до 15 лет. В результате исследований (20172019 гг.) выявлено влияние лимитирующих факторов на биологический потенциал цветения, плодоношения и семенную продуктивность для определения ареалов их культивирования. Representatives of generic systems Robinia, Gleditsia are economically important and promising for degraded arid landscapes of the region, types of plants. Despite this, until recently, there is no information on many types of these generic complexes related to the environmental foundations of seed and their reproductive capacity in light chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. All this is aimed at identifying and expanding promising areas of cultivation for forest reclamation and greening of settlements. The aim of the research is to study the reproductive capacity of representatives of ancestral complexes Robinia, Gleditsia in the collections of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences and the identifying features of their selection of seed for forest reclamation and landscaping of settlements in the dry steppe conditions. The objects of research were species and forms of the genus Robinia: R. viscosa Vent. R. neomexicana Gray. R. pseudoacacia L. R. neomexicana x pseudoacacia and Gleditsia (G. triacanthos L., G. triacanthos L. f. inermis, G. caspica Desf, G. texana Sarg., G. aquatica, G. japonica, G. caspica, G. sinensis), growing in the cluster areas of collections of FSC Agroecology RAS, cadastre 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10. The development of the principles of seed breeding is based on the study of reproductive characteristics of the allocated for the targeted use of their own bioresources, taking into account the possibilities of a comprehensive study of generative qualities and assessment of biological potential. It was found that the stability of fruiting is fixed a few years after entering the generative phase: Robinia and Gleditsia 67 years. The first flowering in Gleditsia triacanthos and G. texana, G. aquatica was observed at the age of 5 years, G. japonica 6, G. caspica and G. sinensis 8 years. Fruit setability depends not only on the age of the plant, but also on weather conditions during flowering. Seed productivity is affected by the amount of precipitation and the amount of active temperatures during the ripening period. The formation of larger fruits and seeds is observed in the age of 15 years. As a result of studies (20172019), the influence of limiting factors on the biological potential of flowering, fruiting and seed production to determine the areas of their cultivation was revealed.

RESULTS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN BREEDERS OF DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS IN CREATION OF NEW GENERATION APPLE TREE

1970 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Е. N. Sedov ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
S. А. Korneeva ◽  
L. I. Dutova ◽  
Е. V. Ulianovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
The North ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
New Generation

The experience in cooperation of breeders of different institutions in creating cultivars is shown. It is not always when the breeding institution has the necessary initial forms for selection. In this regard, there is a need to conduct separate stages of selection in different breeding institutions. For this purpose, a provision on authorship and continuity in the integrated work of several institutions in fruit breeding has been developed (Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crop breeding. Annex. – Orel, 1995. – pp. 492-498). Breeding work of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) and North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking can serve as a positive experience of creating new apple cultivars by two institutions. As a result of the joint work of these two institutions, 22 apple cultivars have been created, of which 9 have already been included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use (zoned), including three cultivars for the conditions of the Middle zone of Russia – Aleksandr Boiko, Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas and six cultivars for the conditions of the North Caucasus – Vasilisa, Karmen, Margo, Orfey, Soyuz and Talisman. Brief economical and biological characteristics of these cultivars are given in this paper. The obtained practical results indicate that in some cases, when creating modern cultivars that meet the requirements of production, it is necessary to use the knowledge of breeders, the source material and equipment of different breeding institutions, and carry out separate stages of the selection process in different institutions.

Variation of Phytochemicals Content in Pulp and Skin of Seven Romanian Apple Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477
Author(s):  
Lacramioara Oprica ◽  
Doina Atofanei ◽  
Vladimir Poroch
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Apple Fruits

The amounts of anthocyanins, flavonoids, total polyphenol and ascorbic acid in seven apple cultivars from Romania were investigated. The amounts of polyphenol and flavonoids in pulp and skin of apple cultivars ranged between 17.18�7.52 mg GAE/g DW and 20.10�11.06 mg CE/g DW as well as 3.64�1.18 mg GAE/g DW and 10.31�5.57 mg CE/g DW, respectively. The highest and smallest values of ascorbic acid both in the skin and the pulp were observed in the cultivars Mutsu and Starkrimson. The anthocyanin content is positively correlated with the colour intensity of the apple epicarp, being about three-fold higher in Prima than Golden Delicious cultivar. The better antioxidant activity provided by the content of polyphenol, ascorbic acid and flavonoids was in apple fruits of Mutsu cultivar and for this reason it should be regarded as a valuable source of antioxidants.

Storage temperature, diphenylamine, and pre-storage delay effects on soft scald, soggy breakdown and bitter pit of ‘Honeycrisp’ apples

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B Watkins ◽  
Jacqueline F Nock ◽  
Sarah A Weis ◽  
Sastry Jayanty ◽  
Randolph M Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Delay Effects ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Honeycrisp Apples ◽  
Soft Scald

scholarly journals Identification of Fusarium Species Isolated From Stored Apple Fruit in Croatia / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdravka Sever ◽  
Dario Ivić ◽  
Tomislav Kos ◽  
Tihomir Miličević
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Fusarium Rot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Apple Fruits

AbstractSeveral species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data.We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultivars Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Idared, and Pink Lady, stored in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) conditions. Fusarium rot was detected in 9.4 % to 33.2 % of naturally infected apples, depending on the cultivar. The symptoms were similar in all four cultivars: a soft circular brown necrosis of different extent, with or without visible sporulation. Fusarium species were identified by the morphology of cultures grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA). Twenty one isolates were identified as Fusarium avenaceum and confirmed as such with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer pair FA-ITSF and FA-ITSR. F. pseudograminearum,F. semitectum, F. crookwellense, and F. compactum were identified by morphological characteristics. F.avenaceum can produce several mycotoxins and its dominance in Fusarium rot points to the risk of mycotoxin contamination of apple fruit juices and other products for human consumption. Pathogenicity tests showed typical symptoms of Fusarium rot in most of the inoculated wounded apple fruits. In this respect Fusarium avenaceum, as the dominant cause of Fusarium rot in stored apple fruits is a typical wound parasite.

Response of pomegranate arils (cv. Wonderful) to low oxygen stress under active modified atmosphere condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1088-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinash A Belay ◽  
Oluwafemi J Caleb ◽  
Pramod V Mahajan ◽  
Umezuruike L Opara
Keyword(s):  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Stress ◽  
Pomegranate Arils

Longitudinal distribution of applied calcium, and of naturally occurring calcium, magnesium, and potassium, in Merton apple fruits

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Lewis ◽  
D Martin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Calcium Chloride Solution ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
Apple Fruits

When 45Ca-labelled calcium chloride solution was applied to the skin of young developing Merton apple fruits, activity in the cortex at maturity was highest in the calyx end region where bitter pit lesions most commonly develop. Fruit age at time of application affected the amount of labelled calcium absorbed but not its longitudinal distribution. Following branch injection of labelled calcium chloride solution 8 weeks before harvest, activity in mature fruits was found mostly in the stem end. Leaves and buds accounted for 95% of the recovered activity, and the fruits for 5%, of which about one-quarter was in the calyx half. The same distribution pattern was found following injection of labelled calcium chloride solution into the fruit stem. The concentration of naturally occurring calcium in the cortex of the mature fruit declined steadily from stem end to calyx end. On the other hand, the magnesium concentration was lowest near the stem end and highest at the calyx end. The potassium concentration remained fairly constant along most of the length of the fruit, with a small increase at each end. The findings are discussed with regard to the longitudinal gradient in bitter pit susceptibility within apple fruits, and to the relative effectiveness of tree sprays of calcium, as compared with soil applications, in the control of the disorder. Results suggest that calcium does not have a trace element role in the control of bitter pit.

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